In England, initial centralization gave way to a stronger nobility, but one that was coterminous with the middle class, driving the peasantry out of rural areas and into the cities, where they too developed some auxiliary middle class structure.
I'm not really sure where to begin as I'm not sure how broad the period you're talking about is (are you starting in the 18th century? 17th? 14th?).
But the process of urbanisation certainly didn't happen like that; industrialisation was all (the enclosures were but part of the process of industrialisation). I'm also a little unsure what you mean by "peasantry", btw.
The monarchy was, in fact, so strong that a King was overthrown (and then had his head lopped off) by a group of religious Radicals.