What if Hughes won in 1916? A TL

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Woodrow Wilson(D-NJ)/Thomas Marshall(D-IN) 49.24% 264 EVs
Charles E. Hughes(R-NY)/Charles Fairbanks(R-IN) 46.12% 267 EVs
Allan L. Benson(S-NY)/George R. Kirkpatrick(S-NJ) 3.19%
James F. Hanly(P-IN)/Ira Landrith(P-TN) 1.19%
Others 0.26%

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America joined WW1 after the Zimmerman Telegram was leaked. It Passed by a margin of 412-13 in the House and 94-4 in the Senate. While there was an espionage Act, President Hughes only used it to punish enemy spies and saboteurs. Former President Woodrow Wilson Criticized Hughes for this but in the years Since, Hughes has risen in rankings due to his Progressive Polices and his Bi Partisanship. However, this didn't help his party in the midterms.

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1918 midterms

Senate Elections:
Democratic: 56 Seats(Gains: NH-S, MA, MI, NM, RI)
Republican: 40 Seats(Gains: KS)

House Elections:
Democratic: 242 Seats Leader:Champ Clark(D-MO)
Republican: 189 Seats Leader:Frederick Gillett(R-MA)(Lost Re-election)
Socialist: 2 Seats
Prohibition: 1 Seat
Independent: 1 Seat

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The Russian Civil War

The Russian Civil War of 1917 to 1920 was a conflict that lasted for 3 years. It lead to the Creation of the following countries:

-Republic of Poland
-Republic of Lithuania
-Republic of Latvia
-Republic of Estonia
-Republic of Finland
-Republic of Beylorussia
-Republic of Ukraine
-Republic of Crimea
-Russian Republic
-Kingdom of Georgia
-Republic of Armenia
-Emirate of Azerbaijan
-Khiva
-Kazakh
-Turkmen kingdom
-Socialist Republic of Mongolia

The Civil War ended in a victory for Republican forces with the Red Army being pushed into Mongolia. However, Discontent fro losing land during WW1 led to the Rise of the Black Eagle party which was to create a brutal dictatorship in Russia after the Elections of 1923.

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1920 Election

While the Republicans easily renominated Charles E. Hughes and to replace the deceased Charles Fairbanks they nominated Senator Warren Harding, whilst the Socialists Nominated Eugene Debs alongside Representative Victor Berger. The Democrats however took over 100 ballots to find a nominee eventually settling on A. Mitchell Palmer for President and nominated Newton D. Baker for Vice President. While after the DNC Palmer looked likely to win, after a number of statements on his behalf backfired the election became a tossup and on Election Night Hughes won by a comfortable margin.

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1920 Presidential Election



A. Mitchell Palmer(D-PA)/Newton D. Baker(D-OH) 48.17% 207 EVs
Charles E. Hughes(R-NY)/Warren G. Harding(R-OH) 44.89% 324 EVs
Eugene V. Debs(S-IN)/Victor Berger(S-WI) 5.71%
Others 1.23%

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1920 Downballot Races

Senate
Democratic Before:56 Seats After:51 Seats Leader:Oscar Underwood(D-AL)
Republican Before:40 Seats After:44 Seats(Gains:OR, OK, NV, ID, CA)
Socialist Before:0 Seats After:1 Seat(Gain:WI)

House
Democratic: 211 Seats Leader:Champ Clark(D-MO)
Republican: 215 Seats Leader:William D. Boies(R-IA)
Socialist: 7 Seats
Prohibition: 1 Seat
Independent: 1 Seat

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WW1 and its Aftermath

After Americans joined WW1 in May of 1917, the tide shifted towards the Entente. Whilst the Central Powers would not be defeated until December of 1918, their defeat was ensured after America Joined. The Four Powers faced notable consequences for losing the war.

Germany:
As the largest power of the 4, Germany faced the harshest punishment of them all. Poland, Denmark, and Belgium gained Border areas whilst France Gained Alsace-Lorraine. The Saar was released as a French Puppet State, and the Rhineland Demilitarized. They would also have to pay 178 billion marks, which would never be paid due to the Resulting Civil War and Democratic Socialist Government led by Rosa Luxemburg.

Austria-Hungary:
The next largest lost land on all fronts. Italy Gained South Troyl, Istria, and parts of the Dalmatian Coastline. Poland and Ukraine shared parts of the far northern provinces. Romania gained Transylvania, whilst Serbia gained the South Slavic lands. The remainder was split between Austria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia.

Ottoman Empire:
The third largest lost its Arabian Holdings to either Britain, France, or the Arab State. Kurdistan became independent, whilst Armenia and Greece gained Ground on the Turks. Constantinople was made into an Internationale Zone whilst the rest became Turkey.

Bulgaria:
All Bulgaria lost was their wartime gains and their Mediterranean Coastline.

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The 20th Amendment

For 2 Consecutive Presidential Elections, the winner of the popular vote had lost the election. This was the 5th Election in 100 years in which the winner of the popular vote has lost the electoral college. Whilst Congress had created this amendment after 1916, it really picked up steam after 1920, with Kentucky being the last state to ratify it before it passed. Kentucky passed it on October, 25th, 1921

Ratification Process:

[President of the great nation of 🏳️‍⚧️]

Why would the Solid South be reluctant to yeet the Electoral College after it screwed them twice in a row?

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Why would the Solid South be reluctant to yeet the Electoral College after it screwed them twice in a row?

Because it Benefited them. Its the same reason they kept it IOTL, IIRC.

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Reappointment after 1920

After the 1920 census, The house passed a bill to expand its size to 453 seats. This Census had a seat to person ratio of 1:234,043. This is also the first census after the abolishment of the Electoral College.

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1922 Midterms:

The 1922 midterms were of slight benefit to the Democratic Parties and of Great Benefit to the Socialist Party. The Socialists also elected their first leader at this time.

Senate:
Democratic(Leader:Oscar Underwood)(D-AL)
Before:51 seats
After:59 Seats
(Gains:CT,MD,MA,MI,NJ,NY,ND,WA,WV)

Republican(Leader:Henry Cabot Lodge)(R-MA)(Lost Re-Election)
Before:44 Seats
After:35 Seats
(Gain:NE)

Socialist
Before:1 Seat
After:2 Seats
(Gain:MN)

House:
Democratic(Leader:Finis Garrett)(D-TN)
Before:211 Seats
After:235 Seats

Republican(Leader:William D. Boies)(R-IA)
Before:215 Seats
After:195 Seats

Socialist(Leader:Upton Sinclair)(S-CA)
Before:7 seats
After:23 Seats

Prohibition:
Before:1 Seat
After:0 Seats

Independents:
Before:1 Seat
After:0 Seats

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Death of Warren Harding and the 1924 Conventions

On August,12th,1923 Vice President Warren Harding died of Cardiac Arrest. This not only took out the Republican Front Runner but it also ensured that the Republicans would not win in 1924 as he was the only candidate popular enough to win, which was also the reason he was Chosen in 1920. When WW1 General Leonard Wood was nominated as the Republican Nominee  alongside Governor Calvin Coolidge, Senator Robert La Follette walked out of the RNC to form the Second Progressive Party. La Follette chose Montana Senator Burton Wheeler as Vice President. The DNC however after 56 ballots, chose Anti-Klan Senator Oscar Underwood for President, and Nebraska Governor Charles Byran as Vice President

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1924 Election



Oscar Underwood(D-AL)/Charles Byran(D-NE) 46.18%
Leonard Wood(R-NY)/Calvin Coolidge(R-MA) 26.47%
Robert La Follette(P-WI)/Burton K. Wheeler(P-MT) 26.21%
Others 1.14%

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1924 Downballot Races

Senate
Democratic(Leader:Oscar Underwood(D-AL)(Retired))
Before:59 Seats
After:60 Seats
(Gains: IA,RI)

Republican(Leader:Charles L. McNary(R-OR))
Before:35 Seats
After:33 Seats

Socialist
Before:2 Seats
After:3 Seats
(Gain:WV)

House

Democratic(Leader:Finis Garrett)(D-TN)
Before:235 Seats
After:274 Seats

Republican(Leader:William D. Boies)(R-IA)
Before:195 Seats
After:137 Seats

Socialist(Leader:Upton Sinclair)(S-CA)
Before:23 Seats
After:39 Seats

Farmer-Labor:
Before:0 Seats
After:3 Seats

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The 21st Amendment

Within Days of Underwood taking office, An Anti-Prohibition Amendment was passed through congress. While it wasn't ratified until 1927, a coalition of Northern Democrats, Anti-Prohibition Republicans and Southern Democrats, and Socialists were able to get it passed.

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The 1926 midterms

Senate

Democratic(Leader: Daniel F. Steck)(D-IA)
Before:60 Seats
After:65 Seats
(Gains:IL,IN,NY,OR,WA)

Republican(Leader:Charles L. McNary(R-OR))
Before:33 Seats
After:26 Seats

Socialist
Before:3 Seats
After:5 Seats
(Gains:ID,OK)


House:

Democratic(Leader:Finis Garrett)(D-TN)
Before:274 Seats
After:263 Seats

Republican(Leader:William D. Boies)(R-IA)
Before:137 Seats
After:112 Seats

Socialist(Leader:Upton Sinclair)(S-CA)
Before:39 Seats
After:56 Seats

Prohibition:
Before:0 Seats
After:13 Seats

Farmer-Labor:
Before:3 Seats
After:5 Seats

Non-Partisan League:
Before:0 Seats
After:3 Seats

Independent:
Before:0 Seats
After:1 Seat

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1928 Socialist Presidential Primaries

After the 1924 Election, the Socialist Party became the first party to decide their nominee by Primaries. Whilst a few States were unable to hold Primaries, most states were able to form primaries:

Declared Canidates:
House Leader Upton Sinclair(S-CA)
Pastor Norman Thomas(S-NY)
Senator Robert LaFollette Jr.(Write-in)(R-WI)
Unbound Delegates
Minor Candidates
Primary Not held

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Socialist Primary Results:

Upton Sinclair(S-CA): 387.5 Delegates
Norman Thomas(S-NY): 349.5 Delegates
Robert La Follette Jr.(R-WI): 272 Delegates
Unbound Delegates: 215 Delegates
Minor Candidates: 189 Delegates

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Socialist National Convention 1st Ballot


706.5 Delegates to win
Upton Sinclair(S-CA): 451 Delegates
Norman Thomas(S-NY): 389.5 Delegates
Robert La Follette Jr.(R-WI): 301 Delegates
Huey P. Long(S-LA): 89 Delegates
Franklin D. Roosevelt(D-NY): 74 Delegates
Charles Bryan(D-NE): 62 Delegates
William Foster(S-WA): 46.5 Delegates

[BigVic]

Electoral reform under CEH