Portugal's general discussion (general events)

[Mike88]

What's the risk that Portugal will go into full lockdown before Christmas? Is the tourist sector too important for a travel ban?

There's the government proposal to impose a "though" lockdown in early December, where there are 2 national holidays, to, according to governmental officials, "save Christmas". But this is just an idea and many are criticizing the announcement of a confinement a month before, saying it doesn't makes sense. Other ideas is to declare the state of emergency but not with the same characteristics as of the March one, and impose curfews and mandatory tele-working. However, these are all ideas and there's no big consensus on what the path forward should be. The government will announce new measures during this Saturday.

A travel ban is impossible, IMO. The tourism sector is very important in the Portuguese economy and Portugal is, I believe, the forth EU economy with the biggest share of tourism in GDP, around 19%. Azores and Madeira have a different system than the rest of the country. Every tourist arriving at the islands has to do a test and so far, the number of cases in both island are overwhelmingly from tourists, 80%+.

[Mike88]

Legionella outbreak in Vila do Conde/Póvoa de Varzim:

https://twitter.com/ominhopt/status/1325868282801479682

64 cases of 'legionella' detected in the north of the country (46 in Póvoa de Varzim)

Sixty-four cases of Legionnaires' disease have been reported since October 29 in the north of the country, with 46 belonging to the same outbreak located in Póvoa de Varzim and Vila do Conde, according to the Director-General of Health.

Asked today at the covid-19 regular update conference on the 'legionella' outbreak in these two locations in the north of the country, Graça Freitas began by stating that, despite there being “an epidemic of covid, other diseases continue to manifest up and the system is glad that it can detect them ”.

"Legionnaires 'disease is a seasonal disease, it is time to have this type of disease, and what we found is that since the 29th of last month in the North region 64 cases of legionnaires' disease have been reported", he added.

(...)

The Director-General of Health wanted to leave “a word of tranquility” to everyone in this region: “this is not a disease that is contagious, from one person to another. It passes through environmental sources, through aerosolization of this bacterium called 'legionella' and through inspiration or inhalation ”.

(...)

The news is a bit misleading. It seems that the outbreak center is in Vila do Conde but my hometown hospital is receiving patients from Vila do Conde, as normal as both cities are basically "twin cities".

[Mike88]

In the 1st night of curfew, due to Covid-19, a shooting occurred in one of Lisbon's main avenues:

https://twitter.com/cmjornal/status/1326092402864627712

Footage - Shooting creates panic on Liberty Avenue in Lisbon

A shooting, at dawn on Tuesday, caused panic on Avenida da Liberdade, in Lisbon.

Several men were following in two different cars when they fired several shots in progress. The snipers managed to escape.

Bullet wrappers were found at the scene.

According to what CM reported with the authorities, the shots left only marks on a building in an adjacent artery of that avenue.

For the field, elements of the PSP, Municipal Police and inspectors of the PJ were highlighted for their respective expertise.

Traffic was cut off for several hours.

[Orwell]

Portuphiles, do you guys have any good statistics in relation to the Portuguese decriminalization of drugs? I am writing an argumentative essay on the decriminalization of drugs and was wondering if you guys had any good sources.

[Mike88]

Portuphiles, do you guys have any good statistics in relation to the Portuguese decriminalization of drugs? I am writing an argumentative essay on the decriminalization of drugs and was wondering if you guys had any good sources.

Hi there!

What kind of sources do you need? I found some essays online, they are all in Portuguese, sorry. I found this one: https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/uploads/04a1698a-6d38-4147-b9fd-d07a5235b276/drug-policy-in-portugal-portuguese-20111206_0.pdf

and this one: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/sssoc/n114/n114a07.pdf

This blog has also some statistical graphics, but don't know if they're usefull:

https://cartacampinas.com.br/2017/09/coleta-de-dados-mostra-o-sucesso-inequivoco-da-descriminalizacao-das-drogas-em-portugal/

The Guardian also had a very good report on the issue that is even highlighted in the Portuguese NHS website:

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/dec/05/portugals-radical-drugs-policy-is-working-why-hasnt-the-world-copied-it

Hope this helps

[Mike88]

Protest of restaurant owners in Porto city against the Government ended in tensions between protesters and the police.

https://twitter.com/JornalNoticias/status/1327303601987801089

Clashes between protesters and police in protest of restaurant owners in Porto

Entrepreneurs from the restaurant and hotel sectors who gathered this Friday afternoon in Aliados, in Porto, for yet another protest from the "Bread and Water" movement, were involved in clashes with the police.

The demonstration "Bread and Water", by businessmen from the restaurants, bars and shops, scheduled for this Friday, at Aliados Avenue, in Porto, was marked by clashes between protesters and PSP agents.

The protest, which started at 4 pm, was attended by several hundred entrepreneurs who contest the measures imposed by António Costa in the context of the new state of emergency.

During the demonstration bottles were thrown at police agents and one of the demonstrators was reportedly identified by the police.

In addition to throwing bottles, protesters put coffins [symbolizing the death of the sector] on fire, forcing police intervention.

[Mike88]

Update on the Legionella outbreak: Two factories in Matosinhos are closed as tests show bacteria in cooling towers.

https://twitter.com/observadorpt/status/1328834476869365760

Legionella. Cooling towers at two factories are suspended in Matosinhos. There are 97 cases and 9 dead

Since the 29th of October, there has been an increase in the number of cases of legionella in the northern region. So far, there have been a total of 9 deaths and 97 confirmed cases, of which 72 are clusterable, on the coast of the geographical area of the Póvoa de Varzim / Vila do Conde Health Center Group and the Matosinhos Local Health Unit.

The origin of the outbreak is still to be determined, but the Northern Regional Health Administration (ARS) of the North believes that the geographical dispersion of the cases “is compatible with an eventual environmental source subject to the effects of climate change from the Bárbara depression, which occurred in the territory during the incubation period of these cases ”.

In a statement, the ARS do Norte said that local health authorities are developing epidemiological and environmental research, in accordance with the rules and guidelines of the Directorate-General for Health, being “attentive to the evolution of the situation and will take measures additional information necessary to control the situation ”. “As a result of this investigation and as a precautionary measure, the ULS Health Authority of Matosinhos, suspended the operation of the cooling towers of two industries, located in the municipality of Matosinhos.”

(...)

[Mike88]

GDP growth: Economy grows 13.3% compared with the 2nd trimester, but falls -5.7% annually:

https://twitter.com/ojeconomico/status/1333367050551455744

Portuguese economy down 5.7% in the third quarter.

The National Statistic Institute (INE) released today the final GDP numbers from the 3rd trimester in Portugal. The economy grew 13.3% compared with 2nd trimester but fell -5.7% compared with the 3rd trimester of 2019. Private consumption and exports helped to improve the economy in this 3rd trimester. However, it's expected another drop in growth, in the last trimester of 2020, due to the Covid restrictions in the last few weeks, since mid October. GDP could still pass the 200 billion euros mark, but it's still in doubt. Unemployment also dropped a few points in October to 7.5%.

Another report, this weekend, painted a grim picture for the Portuguese economy within the EU. Expresso newspaper looked at the projected 2020 numbers and concluded that Portugal is falling, year after year, in the raking of GDP per capita:

https://twitter.com/expresso/status/1333005365319970816

GDP per capita. Poland and Hungary have never been this close of stealing Portugal's place

The 2020 projected numbers show that Portugal is on the verge of being surpassed by Hungary and Poland in the ranking of income per inhabitant. Portugal is currently placed at 18th place, with 77% of the EU average, but Poland and Hungary are surging at 76% and 75% respectively. Slovakia and Romania are also very close at 72% and 71% respectively. If the numbers play out, Portugal could fall to 21th place by the end of 2021, and further down in the future as Romania is having a very strong economic performance, putting Portugal on the top bottom of Europe's poorest countries.

[Mike88]

Police officer run over by a prison guard who has beating his wife on the street:

https://twitter.com/RTPNoticias/status/1338113892782837762

Évora's PSP agent was killed when he tried to end a situation of domestic violence

It was the aggressor who killed the policeman. He ran away, but was eventually arrested. The suspect is a prison guard.

In a note published on the website of the Presidency of the Republic, it can be read that "it was with deep consternation that the President of the Republic became aware of the death of Principal Agent António José Pinto Doce, victim of a brutal trampling in fulfillment of his mission in Rossio de São Brás, in Évora ".

"Another national example of someone who, even though not in service, gave his life for his neighbor and to whom Portugal owes a tribute", adds the note.

President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa has already spoken personally to the Agent's widow, "addressing the most heartfelt condolences also to his children, family and friends, as well as to the Public Security Police, whose National Director receives this afternoon in Belém, and in particular to Évora District Command where António José performed his mission on a daily basis ".

[Mike88]

Several people run over during a shellfish protest in Murtosa, Aveiro district:

https://twitter.com/cmjornal/status/1338515512914030596

Several people run over during shellfish protest in Murtosa.

Several people were run over during a protest with about 300 shellfish gatherers (bivalve catchers), this Monday, in Murtosa. The professionals have been in protest for several weeks, as they are prevented from going to sea because of the analyzes made to the waters.

According to what the Correio da Manhã was able to ascertain, a shellfish gatherer who is not from the area started the march when he was prevented by the other protesters and elements of the GNR from selling seafood that he caught elsewhere.

Two people were injured, both with fractures.

[Mike88]

Massive explosion in a building in Lisbon injures 5 people and 2 are missing:

https://twitter.com/Publico/status/1340634075896442880

Images show destruction caused by building explosion in Lisbon

At least five people were injured, one in serious condition, during an explosion followed by a fire in a residential building on Rua de Santa Marta, in Lisbon, with two still missing, the Firefighters said.

Speaking to the media on the spot, the commander of the fire department, Tiago Lopes, informed that the fire was extinguished on the front of the building, being, shortly after 9 am, still fought in the afternoon, although circumscribed and without danger of passing to adjacent buildings.

According to the councilor for Civil Protection of the City of Lisbon, Carlos Castro, there are five injured, one of whom was in serious condition, but nine people lived in the building, two of whom are missing and two were not in the building.

(...)

"If the dogs do not detect any life, we have to enter, with the removal of the rubble in a meticulous way so as not to create further damage to the neighboring buildings," he said, stressing that it is a job that can take hours.

(...)

According to councilman Carlos Castro, the explosion may have been caused by a gas explosion.

[Mike88]

GALP, Portugal's main petrol company, will shut down their production in Matosinhos refinery next year:

https://twitter.com/MSN_Portugal/status/1341013340886237185

Galp: closure of the Matosinhos refinery puts 350 jobs in question

Galp announced, this Monday, that it will concentrate its refining operations and future developments in the Sines complex and discontinue refining in Matosinhos starting next year.

As far as TVI was able to ascertain, that decision could jeopardize 350 direct jobs. The refinery will be transformed into a logistics center, which will house some of these workers, while others will have to be transferred, through the mobility plan, to the Sines complex. Still, it will not be possible to safeguard all workers.

This process, which has been talked about for the past 10 years, has been accelerated due to the covid-19 pandemic, since the service has been virtually stopped since the summer.

In a statement, Galp said that "structural changes in the consumption patterns of petroleum products motivated by the regulatory context and the Covid-19 context have had a significant impact on Galp's industrial downstreaming activities", and stated that "the supply and the distribution of fuels in the country will not be impacted by this decision ”.

(...)

The Government has already reacted, saying that Galp's decision "raises concerns" in relation to the fate of workers, "demanding from the company all the commitment and social sensitivity to seek solutions for the near future".

[Mike88]

Competition Authority issues a multimillion record fine to supermarkets and beverage companies:

https://twitter.com/observadorpt/status/1341073891612127233

Competition applies record fine of 304 million to supermarkets and beverage suppliers for agreeing prices

Price concertation in the sale of beverages to consumers, almost all alcoholic, led to the imposition of total fines of 304 million euros in two cases brought by the Competition Authority. This amount of fines is the highest ever decided by the competition regulator in a process involving the main supermarket chains in Portugal and two beverage suppliers, albeit through two convictions.

The sanctioned practice is the same: indirect price concertation, a behavior that, according to the Competition Authority, has harmed consumers for almost 10 years, by preventing competition through prices, resulting in the practice of rising prices. More investigations are underway that cover the same chains and suppliers of other consumer products.

(...)

Modelo Continente of the Sonae group was the company that received the highest fine: 121.9 million euros, followed by Pingo Doce from Jerónimo Martins, which was sanctioned at 91 million euros.

Continente Modelo: 121.9 million euros
Pingo Doce: 91.090 million euros
Sociedade Central de Cervejas (SCC): 29.5 million euros
Auchan: 22.250 million euros
Intermarché: 19.390 million euros
Lidl: 10.550 million euros
Prime Drinks: 7,010 million euros
E. Leclerc: EUR 2,060 million
SCC Administrator: 16 thousand euros
Director of Modelo Continente: 2 thousand euros

[Mike88]

Nature Conservation Institute opens investigation after the slaughter of 540 animals in a farm in Azambuja, Lisbon:

https://twitter.com/revistaSABADO/status/1341138976023982080

Portugal - ICNF opens process to investigate slaughter of animals at Torre Bela estate

The Institute for the Conservation of Nature opened a process to find out from the Torre Bela Tourist Hunting Area "the facts that have occurred and any illicit events" related to the slaughter of 540 animals on a mount in Azambuja.

The online newspaper O Fundamental reported on Sunday that 540 animals, mostly deers and wild boars, were slaughtered on a mount at Quinta da Torre Bela, in the municipality of Azambuja, in the past few days.

The slaughter, according to the newspaper, was "advertised" on social networks "by some of the 16 "hunters" who participated" in the initiative.

In a note sent today to the media, the Institute for the Conservation of Nature and Forests (ICNF) states that "it had no prior knowledge of this action", which took place in a hunting area licensed as a Tourist Hunting Area (ZTC) from Torre Bela Agricultural Society of Quinta da Visitação, SAG, Lda.

"The ZTC's Spatial and Exploration Plan provides for the exploitation of deer and wild boar, by the methods provided for in the law, which include mounts", adds the ICFN.

The ICFN also adds that, "considering the number of animals slaughtered" reported by the media, it started a process of investigations with the ZCT management entity to "investigate the facts and possible illicit acts in accordance with the legislation in force".

(...)

[Mike88]

Shooting in a supermarket in Seixal, Lisbon suburb, between police and a gunman:

https://twitter.com/cmjornal/status/1341477534697926657

Man who shot GNR in Seixal died. There are two wounded officers and one suspect detained

Two GNR officers were shot during an approach near a supermarket in Fernão Ferro, in the municipality of Seixal, in the late afternoon of this Tuesday. One of the suspects involved in the feud was struck during the ensuing fire and died. The suspect has about 40 years old. There is also the registration of an injured woman: she was accompanying the suspect who died when the military approached.

One of the GNR soldiers was hit in the abdominal area and is in serious condition, having been taken to Barreiro Hospital. The other soldier was shot in the leg.

According to CM, it was a civilian patrol. The altercation between the suspect who shot and the military started in the hypermarket and, outside, there was an exchange of shots.

In a statement, GNR clarifies that the approach to the group took place following the execution of an arrest warrant.

"The Guard's military approached the suspect, who was accompanied by a woman, who reacted and fired at one of the officers, followed by an exchange of fire. From this situation, both the military and the woman were injured, and medical assistance was provided", explains the GNR in a statement, adding that a man was arrested for resistance and coercion.

The PJ is also at the scene to collect evidence. The traffic on that road, which connects Seixal to Barreiro, has been cut and a large and muscled police operation is set up on the spot.
The alert was given at 18h22.

[Mike88]

Floods in the north of Madeira island force evacuations and there are multiple damages:

https://twitter.com/TSFRadio/status/1342535971523371009

Thunderstorm in Madeira forces the withdrawal of people in the north of the island

The heavy rain that has been felt since Thursday night on the north coast of Madeira caused havoc this Friday. The crisis office is meeting to evaluate the procedures for the next few hours.

There are flooded houses and flooded roads. The correspondent of SIC in Madeira said, live on SIC Notícias, that at least 10 people were removed from home as a precaution and confirmed that the situation is serious in the archipelago.

On social media, several videos of bad weather circulate.

Cited by the Diario de Noticias da Madeira, the president of the Ponta Delgada parish council, in the municipality of São Vicente, José Miguel Freitas Luís, says the situation is serious. He adds that all roads are impassable and adds that several people had to be taken out of the house as a precaution.

The parish of S. Jorge is also being strongly affected. There are even records of some defeats. In Funchal, hail fell.

[Mike88]

Highest number of deaths in Portugal since 1920:

https://twitter.com/observadorpt/status/1345300192791302145

Not since 1920 has so many people died in a year in Portugal

The number of deaths in Portugal last year, was the highest in 100 years. Data from the eVM (real-time mortality surveillance system that analyzes death certificates), for January 1, indicate that 123,667 people died in Portugal last year.

According to the JN, this rise in the number of deaths compares with the 144,000 people who died in 1920, indicate the data contained in the archives of the National Statistics Institute (INE). Just as last year is associated with the Covid-19 pandemic, the years 1918 to 1920 were marked by a high mortality associated with the Spanish flu.

In 1918, 253 thousand people died in Portugal, in 1919 there were more than 154 thousand and in 1920 144 thousand people.

Analyzing the data since 1960 (when they started to be systematized by INE), until 2020 the worst year had been 2018, with 113,051 deaths. At the time, writes the JN, the highest number of deaths had been explained by the aging population and a heat wave. Now, it is due to the pandemic but also to the so-called collateral deaths (for lack of timely assistance). Covid-19, writes the newspaper, accounts for about half of the total excess mortality.

[Mike88]

5.4 magnitude earthquake felt in the Azores:

https://twitter.com/Renascenca/status/1348657461188829184

Magnitude 5.4 earthquake felt on four islands in the Azores

An earthquake measuring 5.4 on the Richter scale was recorded late Monday morning in the islands of Faial, Pico, São Jorge and Terceira, informed the Civil Protection of the Azores.

In a statement, the Regional Civil Protection and Fire Service of the Azores added that, according to the Azores Seismovolcanic Surveillance and Information Center (CIVISA), the event took place at 11:47 am local time (12:47 pm in Lisbon) and had a magnitude of 5.4 on the scale from Richter and epicenter about 67 km to WNW (west-northwest) from Capelo, on the island of Faial.

(...)

[Mike88]

Prosecutor ordered police to spy on reporters regarding a judicial case:

https://twitter.com/JNegocios/status/1349127972289191937

A DIAP prosecutor in Lisbon decided, without authorization from a judge, to place the police in the footsteps of two journalists, one of whom was from Sábado magazine

The prosecutor Andrea Marques of the Department of Investigation and Penal Action of Lisbon ordered and the PSP fulfilled: to do vigilances to journalists. The targets of the Public Prosecutor were two: Carlos Rodrigues Lima, a Sábado magazine journalist, and Henrique Machado, a former journalist for Correio da Manhã, currently on TVI.

With such diligence, according to the case, the prosecutor wanted to know who both journalists were contacting in the universe of the courts, despite the fact that the investigation concerned only concerned a possible violation of the secrecy of justice in the E-toupeira case.

(...)

The due diligence was ordered to the PSP (police) without any warrant from an investigating judge, nor did the prosecutor in this case reveal any legal concern about breaking the journalist's confidentiality through surveillance. According to the law, only a higher court can order the breach of journalists' confidentiality.

Next Thursday, January 14th, Sábado will reveal all the details of the surveillance, photos and reports of the PSP, the profile of attorney Andrea Marques, as well as the war between the DIAP in Lisbon and the Judiciary Police.

[CumbrianLefty]

Highest number of deaths in Portugal since 1920

A few other countries reporting similar stats - "bUt ThErE iS nO vIrUs!!!??!!!111!!"

[𝕭𝖆𝖕𝖙𝖎𝖘𝖙𝖆 𝕸𝖎𝖓𝖔𝖑𝖆]

Highest number of deaths in Portugal since 1920

Interesting that it's exactly a century. But yeah, that's really bad.

However, how far back does it go if one takes the relative death rate instead of absolute numbers? I assume that in 1920 Portugal's population was quite smaller.

[Mike88]

Highest number of deaths in Portugal since 1920

Interesting that it's exactly a century. But yeah, that's really bad.

However, how far back does it go if one takes the relative death rate instead of absolute numbers? I assume that in 1920 Portugal's population was quite smaller.

In 1920, Portugal had around 6 million inhabitants, so the death rate was 2.4%. In 1918, in the height of the Spanish flu, the death rate reached 4.2%. With the current population, 10,3 million, the death rate is 1.2%.

And the media is also reporting that the number of total deaths in the last few days are also breaking records: 11 January was the most deadly day since 2009, and not since the massive heat wave of 1981 that in two consecutive days have been more than 600 deaths.

[Mike88]

Queues of ambulances in several hospitals across the country yesterday. Situation is near breaking point according to doctors.

https://twitter.com/dntwit/status/1350417526014963713

Hard night. Ambulances lined up at Torres Vedras and Santa Maria hospitals

Photographs shared on social media showed the queue of about 10 ambulances for Torres Vedras's covid-19 emergency and the hospital administrator acknowledged this Saturday that the last night "was very complicated". Also at the Saint Mary Hospital, in Lisbon, there were queues outside the emergency room, according to photos also published on social networks.
(...)
According to Marta Soares, firefighters ambulances are being held with patients in many of the hospitals in this country for hours. "We arrived at the hospitals, there are no stretchers, and often they are on our stretchers for hours, some inside the ambulances themselves, to the point that citizens have already died inside the ambulances themselves, and many times our stretchers are held there, in the corridors, in the emergency room, where these hospitals actually use our equipment to guarantee the protection of the patients, since they have no capacity for beds or stretchers "to make the reception, he described.
(...)
According to Elsa Baião, chairman of the board of directors of West Hospital Center (CHO), to which the Torres Vedras unit in the Lisbon district belongs, "the situation was very complicated, because there was no capacity" and, as such , it was necessary to "create another ward with 21 beds", he revealed to the Lusa agency.

Hospitalization capacity for covid-19 increased from 45 to 66 beds. According to the administrator, today, "by 8:00 am the situation was calmer, despite the emergency room being still full".
(...)

[Mike88]

2021 Census: National Statistics Institute is hiring almost 11,000 volunteers to conduct the Census.

https://twitter.com/ECO_PT/status/1354091765305901061

Statistics Portugal is hiring for Census 2021. Applications close on February 15

The National Statistics Institute (INE) is in the process of recruiting 11,000 enumerators for Census 2021 under service providers. The Census is INE's largest statistical operation, which involves counting all citizens and families in the country, as well as all houses and buildings intended for housing.

The institute seeks people with a smartphone or tablet with an internet connection, good knowledge of the geographic area for which they apply, with availability to work on the weekend and part-time during the week, and preferably with a High-school degree and their own transport.
(...)
The contract will have a duration of about two months, between April and June 2021 and, underlines the institution, "the payment for the services provided varies depending on the results presented (a census enumerator with 600 assigned accommodations and finishing his work in 6 weeks will receive an average of € 1500) ".
(...)

The majority of inquiries in the Census are expected to be online rather the in person. The Census will occur during April and June.

[Mike88]

2020 Population: Not since 2015 that few babies were born in Portugal

https://twitter.com/Publico/status/1354381431582167042

Natalidade: Since six years ago that few babies were born in Portugal

About 85,500 babies were born in Portugal in 2020, the lowest figure since 2015, the year in which 85,056 “little foot tests” were carried out, reveal data released this Wednesday by the National Institute of Health Ricardo Jorge. Last year, 85,456 newborns were studied, 1908 fewer babies than in 2019 (87,364), under the National Neonatal Screening Program, which covers almost all births in Portugal.
(...)
Lisbon was the city that tracked more newborns, totaling 25,014, less 1267 compared to 2019, followed by Porto, with 15,734, 33 more compared to the previous year. Braga registered 6538 births in 2020, minus 96 compared to 2019, and Setúbal 6459, minus 264, advance the data of the “little foot test”, carried out from the third day of life, through the collection of blood droplets on the child's foot . This test allows the diagnosis of some serious diseases that are difficult to diagnose in the first weeks of life and that can later cause severe neurological changes, liver changes, among other situations.

Although Bragança is the district with the lowest number of births (596), the number increased compared to 2019, with 33 more “foot tests” performed, the same happening in Portalegre, which tracked 631 babies, 10 more compared to the previous year . The autonomous regions of the Azores and Madeira also registered a drop in the number of tests performed, totaling 2051, 53 less than in 2019, and 1818, 77 less, respectively.
(...)

The demographic balance will probably be almost -40,000, the highest figure since 1918.

Also, curious to see the data the 2021 Census will reveal. Current estimates, from different sources, put Portugal with a population between 10,100,000 and 10,300,000. In the last 3 census, 1991, 2001 and 2011, the INE failed, mainly in 1991 and 2001, in predicting the actual number of people living in Portugal compared with the Census results. We'll see.