Concert of Europe: Gameplay Thread

[Spamage]

United Provinces of the Netherlands:

-You have assumed power at a time of great uncertainty in both the Netherlands and Europe as a whole, Grand Pensioner Welles. With the flight of young William V and his grandmother to Great Britain, some are calling on you to negotiate his immeadiate return. Others believe that it is best to ignore him and push forward as usual. There is a third faction that wants to abolish the Stadtholdership entirely and make the United Provinces a true republic. How will you deal with the matter of the monarchy in the aftermath of your successful coup?

-The Dutch enjoy a large colonial empire, thanks in large part to the actions of the former regents for William V and their predecessors. New Holland sits in Oceania, the Dutch East Indies remain firm, the Cape Colony allows for control of trade from Asia, and there even remain lands in the New World. With trade and colonialism clearly backbones of Dutch economic policy, some advisors are encouraging a rapid expansion of the East Indies and New Holland through wars with the other, minor powers in the region. They see this as a way to cement your influence and gain access to new resources. Others believe this to be too expensive and risky, fearing the loss of the territories you already control. How will you handle the colonial situation?

-There are only four republics in Europe: yourself, Genoa, Venice, and Poland. With the exile of William V, it is believed by many that you should seek new allies in order to prevent an Orangist restoration, something which could see the Republic permanently destroyed. There is a large degree of sympathy for the Poles in your government, with some desiring an alliance with that highly controversial power. Others believe you should pick a side in either of the two large alliance groups in Europe (the British-Prussian and Austrian-French alliances). How will you navigate the complicated world of European diplomacy?

Armies & Locations

Kingdom of Prussia
150,000 Royal Army
28,500 Army of Hanover
15,000 men garrisoned
(Can raise 13,896 more)

Kingdom of France
50,000 Army of France
38,000 Army of Delhi
5,000 Army of Quebec
10,000 Army of India
40,000 men garrisoned
(Can raise 100,500 more)

Kingdom of Great Britain
26,616 Army of Ireland
16,000 Army of Britain
36,616 Army & Garrison of the 13 Colonies
9,236 Army of Louisbourg
10,189 Army of Ohio
5,794 Army & Garrison of Australia
(Can raise 10,000 more)

Kingdom of Sweden
81,631 Army of Sweden
12,000 men garrisoned
(Can raise 5,000 more)

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland
15,000 Army of Denmark
29,900 Army of Bohemia
(Can raise 32,000 more)

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
25,390 men raised and mobile
8,000 men garrisoned
(Can raise 10,000 more)

Kingdom of Spain
60,000 men raised and mobile
25,000 Army of Naples
25,000 men garrisoned
15,000 Army & Garrison of New Spain
10,000 Army & Garrison of South America
2,000 Army & Garrison of the Philippines
(can raise 40,000 more)
 
Russian Empire:
112,200 Army of Siberia
84,700 Army of North Russia
25,000 Army of the Volga
49,000 Mercenary Allies
(can raise 5,000 more)

Archduchy of Austria
50,000 Army of Austria
(can raise 160,700 more)

Ottoman Empire
125,534 Army of the Danube
20,000 Army of Istanbul
20,000 Army of Ukraine
35,000 men garrisoned
(can raise 25,000 more)

Republic of Venice
12,000 men raised and mobile
(can raise 20,000 more)


Kingdom of Portugal
20,000 men raised and mobile
10,000 men garrisoned
6,850 Army of Brazil
(Can raise 20,000 more)

United Provinces of the Netherlands
36,000 Army of Brussels
10,000 men garrisoned
10,000 Army of Amsterdam (newly raised)
2,000 men Army & Garrison of Dutch East Indies
1,000 men Army & Garrison of Cape Colony
(can raise 15,000 more)


Navies of the World
Kingdom of Great Britain
170 Ships of the Line
123 Frigates

Kingdom of France
107 Ships of the Line
51 Frigates

Kingdom of Spain
57 Ships of the Line
28 Frigates

Kingdom of Portugal
32 Ships of the Line
20 Frigates

Russian Empire
31 Ships of the Line
5 Frigates

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway
22 Ships of the Line
18 Frigates

Kingdom of Sweden
23 Ships of the Line
11 Frigates

Ottoman Empire
18 Ships of the Line
8 Frigates

Republic of Venice
10 Ships of the Line
21 Frigates

Kingdom of Prussia
2 Ships of the Line
5 Frigates

Kingdom of Portugal
32 Ships of the Line
20 Frigates

United Provinces of the Netherlands
57 Ships of the Line
43 Frigates

[Spamage]

REPUBLICAN COUP IN THE NETHERLANDS!
REGENT MARIE LOUISE AND WILLIAM V FLEE UNITED PROVINCES!

The United Provinces were greatly destabilized by the defeat in the War of the Grand Coalitions, the government of Marie Louise being widely discredited due to its signing of such a harsh peace treaty with France. The loss of Dutch territory was considered an outrage, with many soon forgetting how desperate the situation had been in early 1757. Marie Louise remained largely popular with the common people though, attempting to retain her influence by thwarting the actions of the Republicans. Elections were delayed, laws were not implemented, and the power of the Stadtholdership was greatly increased. With the events in Poland, and then Moldova however, the Republicans were emboldened rather than deterred.

The Former Grand Pensionary of Holland Jacob Gilles began to plot with other Republicans to overthrow Marie Louise as regent. An alliance with several disgruntled generals, who she had blamed for the invasion of the French, and the Republicans took form throughout early 1759 all under the government's nose. By the time it was clear something was afoot, it was too late. On the morning of July 7th, 1759, a group of armed soldiers attempted to arrest Marie Louise. The regent, grabbing her grandchildren, was protected by a small royal guard which gave her enough time to escape. The Dutch Royals hopped aboard a ship and crossed the English Channel as it increasingly became clear the Republicans were overthrowing her government. Orangists were arrested all throughout the government (including the sitting Grand Pensioner Pieter Steyn) by soldiers as Gilles decreed a "Council of Regents" to govern in the name of his absent sovereign. When the Dutch people protested the move, upset over the unpopular process, they were met with the full force of the military, which cracked down on the rioters. Dozens were killed in the streets.

In his opening address, Jacob Gilles has openly avowed to repair the Dutch Republic. He yearns for a return to the Golden Age of the previous century and is willing to take drastic action to achieve it. What he will do remains to be observed.

Yet another European nation has fallen to Republicanism, with Gilles assuming control of the United Provinces. Though his intention is ostensibly to govern in the name of the young Stadtholder, the power of that office has been severely limited and the Republicans have resumed active control over the government. Orangists are calling on other European powers to hear their plight and save their leader while Republicans are jubilant.

[Spamage]

The Flight of the Caps
Polish Agents Arrange Jailbreak in Stockholm!

All eyes in Swedish society were focused on the upcoming fate of the 21 Caps found guilty of fomenting insurrection against Adolf Frederick's government. Before the King could publicly announce his decision however, events overtook him. A group of Polish agents, Republican soldiers, helped organize a prison escape in the middle of the night on August 1st. The Swedish soldiers on guard were either incapacitated or, in two instances, killed. The escapees and the conspirators boarded a ship outside of Stockholm's harbor and have reportedly landed in Lithuania, where the Caps have been greeted as defenders of Republicanism and "the People". The move has further ratcheted up tensions around Poland, as it is clear the National Assembly will defend Republicans both within and outside of their borders. While the Polish Government denies involvement, some in Stockholm have angrily demanded the return of the convicts. Others argue the outcome was best for both the Swedes and Poles, with few lives being lost and a tricky issue solved, though perhaps a new one was opened in the process.

[Spamage]

World Military Update
July-December 1759

Summary: Just when most subjects hoped peace was restored, new wars have broken out in Europe. Prussia and Britain have jointly attacked the United Provinces, drawing in Poland who demands the rights of a fellow republic be respected. In India the French, aided by thousands of Spanish soldiers, launched a suprise attack on the Maratha Confederacy, winning two early victories. Meanwhile, fighting continues to rage in Russia. Swedish assaults on the Catherine's Army in the north have resulted in another stalemate, while Peter III has finally been evicted from Moscow.

War of the Two Republics

United Provinces of the Netherlands, Free Republic of Poland-Lithuania
v.
Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Prussia, Kingdom of Sweden

Assault on the Hague: Decisive Dutch Victory

Attempts by the Royal Navy to land a British "Continental Army" in the southern United Provinces failed miserably, cannons firing upon the army attempting to land. After hours of being unable to make progress, the British were forced to withdraw, thousands dead. There was substanial Dutch outrage, especially due to the fact war had never been formally declared. When word reached Amsterdam that the Prussians had crossed in the North, tensions only rose further.

Battle of Groningen: Major Prussian Victory

The Prussians, crossing into the Republic from Ostfriesland, were much more successful than the British. In the Battle of Groningen the outnumbered and suprised Dutch were slaughtered by the massive Prussian Army intent on restoring William V. Prussian soldiers have secured much of the northern United Provinces, Groningen being the largest city captured. The shattered remains of the Dutch army have returned to Amsterdam and joined with the victorious army of Hague. The fate of the United Provinces now hangs in the balance.

Assault on Gdansk: Major Polish Victory

There was an effort, in response to the jailbreak at Stockholm, of the Swedes to seize Gdansk. Several thousand soldiers crossed the Baltic and nearly forced entrance to the city. With minutes to spare however, the locals were able to close the gates, preventing the capture of Gdansk. With news of Polish movements in the south, the Swedes were eventually forced to reenter their boats and flee back to their Kingdom, greatly outnumbered.

Battle of Tczew: Decisive Polish Victory

The Polish Army, having been preparing for eventual conflict in Europe, sprung into action. Thousands of men crossed into Prussia, intent on reaching Gdasnk (which Sweden had put under siege). Frederick and his army allowed them to gain land, hoping for them to over-stretch. By the time they faced the Prussian forces, several days of looting Prussian lands had passed. The two forces met in the Battle of Tczew, with the Poles marching up the Vistula. Frederick of Prussia himself led his soldiers, but was unable to work his usual magic on the field. Fighting was intense,  brutal, and close. The fervor of the Polish soldiers was only matched by the Prussian discipline. This discipline however, was not invincible. After facing wave on wave of Poles, the Prussians broke and fled back towards Brandenburg. A horrifying defeat has been inflicted against Prussia as the war in the east now sits open. Will Prussia have to withdraw its men from the Netherlands?

Invasion of Saarema and Hiiumaa: Decisive Swedish Victory

While the attack on Gdansk was an embarassing failure, the Swedes were able to further cement their ascendant power in the Baltic with the easy capture of Saarema and Hiiumaa. Very few lives were lost as the islands quickly changed hands.

Franco-Maratha War

Kingdom of France
v.
Maratha Confederacy

Battle of Dhule: Decisive French Victory

Half of the massive Franco-Spanish-Muslim Army quickly crossed into the western half of the Maratha Empire, catching local official off-guard. Within weeks however, a Maratha force of roughly similar size had been assembled, war elephants and all. In the Battle of Dhule however, the French were able to make good use of their superior weapons and routed the Maratha force. Thousands fell in the retreat or were captured in the days after. The remains of the Maratha Army have fled south, with much of the territory in the area falling to French control.

Battle of Puri: Slight French Victory

In the east, the French had slighly worse luck. In this area too, the French faced off against a Maratha Army of similar size. The locals were able to use their knowledge of the terrain to some effect against the French, though they were eventually forced to yield to the massive numbers. After hours of fighting, the Maratha Army has fled inland, largely intact.

War of the Two Tsars

Pauline Russia
v.
Petrine Russia, Kingdom of Sweden

Battle of Novgorod: Stalemate

Swedish forces, bolstered by the arrival of 35,000 Danes, attempted to win in Northern Russia, moving out from St. Petersburg. They were met by a formidable Russian Army, aided by the arrival of the French mercenaries, just near Novgorod. In a battle stretching 11 hours, the Swedes were forced out of the region and back towards St. Petersburg. Though they've captured the entirety of Lake Lagoda, very little other territory changed hands.

Third Battle of Moscow: Slight Pauline Victory

There was promising news for Catherine and Paul to the north however, where Peter III and his outnumbered army faced the Pauline men outside of Moscow. Following several hours of defeats and miscommunication, Peter III was forced to abandon the city, some of his supporters afraid this is a bad sign for his future. Catherine's men have recaptured the city, restored the Patriarch, and given new energy to her once-flailing faction. Will it be enough to end the civil war once and for all?

Moldovan Revolution

Ottoman Invasion: Stalemate

Ottoman efforts to restore order were frustrated by intense opposition from the Moldovan people. While no major pitched battle has taken place, forays into the north have left thousands on both sides dead and no major cities captured. The fighting in this important area seems to just be heating up, though no Polish soldiers have arrived, in a suprise to many.

[Spamage]

The King is dead, God Save the King
GEORGE II DIES OF OLD AGE! George III Assumes Throne

Stress over the events in the United Provinces, as well as years on the throne of Britain, took their toll on King George II. Already quite aged, the King fell ill in October and died in early November, just days after news reached London of the failure to capture the Hague. While many were suprised, no foul play is suspected. His grandson, the Prince of Wales, was quickly named George III of Great Britain, with the people looking to him to lead the realm through such troubling times.

George II's reign saw Britain transformed. The alliance with Austria was abandoned, expansion occured in North America and Australia, and the dream of British India was scrapped. Economic transformation was another hallmark of his many years on the throne, with a new system seemingly emerging in the British Isles. Thousands mourned his passing, lining along the streets during his funeral procession. He is widely viewed to have been a good, patriotic King (the sale of Hanover cementing that reputation in particular) though his real legacy will be determined by the sucesses or failures of his heir. With war in full swing, there cannot be too much time for somber remembrances.

BRITAIN AND PRUSSIA ATTACK UNITED PROVINCES!
Nation Unites Against Foreign Threat

Without declaring war Prussia and Great Britain launched a joint attack on the Republican government of Jacob Gilles. The people of the United Provinces were outraged, moreso when word reached them that William V had been seperated from his grandmother in Britain. The Dutch populace proved willing to give the government the benefit of the doubt in the face of two outrageous attacks.

Many in Europe were highly critical of Prussia and Britain. Mecklenburg, Hesse-Kassel, Oldenburg, and other north German principalities have suspended their membership in the German League in protest. This has, to some, confirmed their fears of Prussian expansion, though others were sympathetic to the cause of William V. The most important reaction however, emerged to the east...

POLAND ATTACKS PRUSSIA!

When word reached Warsaw of Prussia's attack on the Netherlands, the National Assembly was outraged. Here was proof, in their eyes, that Prussia was a warmonger and willing to attack other republics in order to install monarchs. In a series of rapid-fire measures the Assembly openly declared war on Prussia, Britain, and Sweden (all three having attacked either Poland or the Netherlands "without cause"). A bounties were set on the heads of Alexander II and Frederick of Prussia in particular. Many wonder if Venice will honor its recent alliance with Poland or if it will attempt to remain neutral.

The conflict has caused the radical atmosphere to become even more intense. Several noble captives have been executed as Prussian agents, with some calling for tribunals to be set up against Prussian captives, counter-revolutionaries, and clergy. While the Assembly as a whole has resisted calls for now, it does seem realistic the situation could shift.

The Young King of Naples

One area of Europe where was was avoided however, was in Italy. Austria and Spain reached an amicable agreement, seeing Parma handed over to Sardinia-Piedmont and Naples being given to a younger son of Charles III, though the King remains as regent and Naples has become a satillite regime for the time-being. Many in Italy applauded the moderation of both sides in seeking a peaceful resolution rather than subjecting them to the same sort of depravation observed to the north.

Native War in Americas

Even with the death of George II, there was widespread success against the rebellious natives in the New World. Thousands of Cherokee were killed in Georgia, fleeing back across the Appalachians, while the Iroqouis have fought a colonial force to a standstill. In the middle colonies however, the natives enjoyed some success. Several hundred British settlers were killed in Virginia itself, shocking local civilians and causing them the flee to the coast. If the larger plantations are at risk remains to be seen, though members of the House of Burgesses are doubtful.

Portugal Expels the Jesuits!

Joseph I, determined to increase state control over the Church in his Kingdom, ordered the Jesuits expelled from Portugal. Despite the open objections of his daughter and heir Maria, the King viewed the decision as in his Kingdom's best interest. Thousands of pounds of gold have gone straight into the Portuguese treasury, while Pope Benedict XV has issued a public condemnation of the move, though he did not go so far as to excommunicate Joseph. The reactions of the Portuguese people has yet to be seen.

PLAGUE SPREAD TO FRANCE BY FOREIGN AGENTS!!!

The most horrifying event in France happened, the Plague arriving in Marseilles, Toulon, and Bordeaux. While the government had undertaken extensive efforts to keep their territories clean, it did not stop the disease. The new transportation networks, constructed by Louis, backfired in the sense they have allowed it to spread much quicker. The most shocking news however, was the revelation by some French agents that a foreign power had directly ordered the disease spread among trade ships going to French harbors. While they have been unable to determine who as of now, the news caused widespread indignation throughout the Kingdom.

Imperial Reform

Joseph II of Austria was able to push through a series of reforms in the ailing Holy Roman Empire, which were met with a suprisingly high level of support by Princes who realized something needed to be done. The power of the Electors have been decreased (their house being abolished in return for more seats in the regular Diet). Now, with only two legislative houses, a series of tariff reforms were passed. A maximum tariff has been established between members of the Empire, with trade seeming to be the goal. The most important success however, was the establishment of the "Imperial Veto". The Diet, with the approval of the Emperor, now can veto the foreign policy decision of a single member, should their actions be deemed damaging to other Princes. This would allow them to be censured, or even invaded should they not desist. An important point though, is that both the Diet and Emperor must back the proposal before it can be enacted.

Elections held in Sardinia Piedmont! Estates General Established!

Charles Emmanuel III proved to be one step ahead of other realms by acting in favor of reform rather than resisting it. Seeking to redirect the diconent elsewhere, the King granted a Charter of Rights which has been followed by the creation of the Estates General in Sardinia-Piedmont. The move was hailed by reformers, with many praising the King's benevolent actions. While his son has privately condemned his father, there is little he can do to stop the people at this point.

By making these choices of his own free will, the King has retained a lot of perogatives. The body is mainly viewed as advisory, only demanding votes for when taxes as proposed. While they will voice their opposition to actions they do not support, there remains little chance at this movement of them moving against their benefactor.

[Spamage]

The Concert of Europe

January 1760

Nations, ‬Leaders, & ‬Players:
Russian Empire- ‬Regent Catherine Romanov (‬Henry Wallace)
Kingdom of France- ‬King Louis XV Bourbon (‬Windjammer)
Kingdom of Prussia‬- ‬King Fredrick II Hohenzollern (‬Lumine)
Archduchy of Austria‬- ‬Emperor Joseph II Habsburg (‬Dereich)
Kingdom of Great Britain- ‬King George III of Hanover (‬DKrol)
Kingdom of Spain- ‬King Charles III Bourbon (‬LouisvilleThunder)
Ottoman Empire-‬ Sultan Mustafa III Osmanoğlu (‬Kalwejt)
Kingdom of Sweden- ‬King Adolf Frederick (‬YPestis25)
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont- ‬King Charles Emmanuel III Savoy (‬TimTurner)
Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland- ‬King Frederick V Oldenburg (‬Kingpoleon)
Republic of Venice- ‬Doge Francesco Loredan (‬GOTfan)
Kingdom of Portugal- ‬King Joseph I Braganza (‬Mike88)
United Provinces of the Netherlands- ‬Grand Pensionary Jacob Gilles (‬Dr. ‬Cynic)[‬/center]

Economic Standings:
Republic of Venice- ‬Strong
Kingdom of Spain- ‬Strong
Kingdom of France- ‬Strong
Kingdom of Portugal- ‬Strong
Kingdom of Great Britain- ‬Strong
Kingdom of Prussia- ‬Moderate
United Provinces of the Netherlands- ‬Moderate
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont-Moderate
Archduchy of Austria- ‬Moderate
Ottoman Empire- ‬Moderate
Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland- ‬Weak
Kingdom of Sweden- ‬Weak
Russian Empire- ‬Very Weak


Popularity:
Louis XV of France- ‬High
Francesco Loredan of Venice- ‬High
Joseph II of Austria- ‬High
Charles III of Spain- ‬High
Mustafa III of Ottoman Empire- ‬High
Charles Emmanuel III- ‬High
Joseph I of Portugal- ‬Moderate
Frederick II of Prussia- ‬Moderate
Frederick V of Denmark- ‬Moderate
Jacob Gilles of the Netherlands- ‬Moderate
Adolf Frederick of Sweden- ‬Moderate
George III of Great Britain- ‬Moderate
Catherine of Russia, ‬Regent- ‬Moderate

Ongoing Conflicts:
War of the Three (‬Two) ‬Tsars: ‬Kingdom of Sweden, ‬Petrine Russia v. ‬Pauline Russia
War of the Two Republics: ‬Kingdom of Prussia, ‬Kingdom of Great Britain, ‬Ottoman Empire, ‬Kingdom of Sweden v. ‬United Provinces of the Netherlands, ‬Free Republic of Poland-Lithuania, ‬Republic of Moldova
Franco-Maratha War: ‬Kingdom of France v. ‬Maratha Confederacy
Great American Indian War: Kingdom of Great Britain v. Iroquois Confederacy, Cherokee, Wabnaki, Creek, Obijwe, Cree

Russian Empire:

-Peter III has been expelled from Moscow, Catherine! Even so, St. Petersburg is still lost, the Swedes are on the advance, and your ex-husband still holds much of the country. Your deals with the supportive serfs and the Church have strengthened your position and provided a boost in popularity, though this could all collapse if the situation is not handled carefully. Where will your focus be during the next few months?

-Venice has come forward, publicly offering to mediate between you and Sweden. The proposal is highly unpopular in Kiev, with many denouncing the idea of surrending to a power that unilaterally attacked without prior warning. There are some who are tired of war, it now having been several years since Ivan VI and the Cossacks first raised their standards in revolt. How will you reply, if at all, to the Venetian proposals?

-Sergei Saltykov, your acknowledged former lover, was murdered in Kiev during the last few months, raising suspicions. Saltykov is the alleged father of the young Emperor according to some gossip hounds throughout Europe. As he was also a prominent Boyar, some are calling for the details to be investigated, fearing you will look complicit if nothing is done. Others believe leaving the issue alone is a more wise solution, as it avoids reviving old controversial stories. What will you do in response to this shocking murder so close to the Emperor and yourself?

Archduchy of Austria:

-Emperor Joseph, you are 18 and unmarried, perhaps one of the eligible grooms in Europe. Naturally many in Vienna, with the return of peace, are hoping you will now take a wife and further the Imperial line. There are undoubtedly many of royal blood who would be honored to take your hand, who will you choose? This could be an important opportunity in creating a solid alliance, so it should not be taken lightly.

-The Reformed Diet has remained largely sympathetic to Ostfriesland. While they have negated their agreement with Prussia with a strong majority, there is reluctance by many to support an Imperial Ban against him. These princes balk at the idea of universally supporting Vienna’s will, hoping to retain some degree of their former independence in the Empire from before the reforms. Letting Ostfriesland off easy could make you appear weak, though pushing too hard may alienate the members of the Empire. How will you respond to the Diet’s decision?

-There has been some domestic push-back against the reforms you have promulgated so far within your own lands. In particular the redistribution of empty lands has caused some conservative nobles in Hungary and Bohemia to grumble about returning your father as regent. Cautious advisors are urging you to put your reformist tendencies on hold for now, while others have praised your moves during your short reign and look forward to more rational policies. What will you do Emperor Joseph?

Kingdom of France:

-The Estates General have met again, pleased by your honoring of your promise. As you requested, the various Estates were questioned about their views on the current situation of France, particularly in regards to the wars. The First Estate (Clergy) is indifferent to the War of the Two Republics, viewing the combatants on either side as enemies of the Catholic Church. They would like France to focus on India. The Second Estate (Nobles) wants Republicanism killed in its cradle, believing France should use this opportunity to destroy the United Provinces and Venice. The Third Estate (everyone else) is highly supportive of the Dutch and Poles though, viewing their plight with sympathy. They see Prussia and Britain as clear aggressors in the conflict, with some advocating war against those two “satanic” powers. Which estate to you agree with, King Louis?

-War rages in India, with the Maratha caught off guard by your invasion during the last few months. While both of their armies have been defeated, their forces remain in the field, determined to defend their empire. There is quite a bit of sympathy for the Maratha among your Hindu subjects in Delhi and Bengal, causing some concern among Company and colonial officials. How will you ensure your Hindu subjects to not join with the Maratha to expel your forces from India?

-France possesses several outposts in West Africa, primarily used for the slave trade and the acquisition of local goods. Following your expansionist moves in India, some at Versailles see Africa as another prospect for economic expansion. There is much to be said for a move, certainly the locals would be unable to resist. Others see it as too expensive and risky, with the mysterious tropical diseases infesting the area. Will you listen to those who want France to build a worldwide colonial empire that includes African territory?

Kingdom of Great Britain:

-Your grandfather has passed away, King George, leaving your Kingdom in the beginning of a new war. Many were shocked when he announced an attack on the Netherlands, but were largely willing to support his decision with William V being his grandson and the Dutch having acted so forcefully. Now, by acting without publicly declaring war and your more distant relationship with William (your nephew), the public is less supportive of war. Will you continue to fight in the face of the debacle faced by the Continental Army or withdraw from the war and risk damaging your international image?

-A representative of the local Aboriginal people has returned from Australia, bringing with him stories of tragedy and death. Smallpox is ravaging the locals, settlers are seizing their former lands, and rapid colonial growth has made for an intense fight over resources. He urges you to abandon your colony. Other advisors demand colonization continue unimpeded. Another issue arising in the new lands concerns slavery. Some traders would like to establish legal slavery in the colony viewing it as a boon to the economy. Others see slavery as an evil and spreading it to be an affront to God. What will you do about these two contentious issues?

-The War against the Indians is still raging. Your moves in New York and Ohio appear to have been successful, though the Iroquois, Creek, and Cherokee all remain aggressive. Some colonists are calling for brutal tactics to be employed, in order to convince the natives to move beyond the Mississippi. Others argue a more restrained war, similar to fighting in Europe, is required. How will you continue the Indian War?

[Spamage]

Kingdom of Prussia:

-Prussia is back at war King Frederick, perhaps the thing your people do best. In the West, you appear poised to continue your advance into the United Provinces, though their is some public sympathy for the Protestant Dutch being caught in the cross-fire. To the east, the Poles have cut off Ostpreussen, leaving Konigsberg vulnerable to attack. With the recently defeated Royal Army back outside of Berlin, what will you do? Some advocate an aggressive campaign of retaliation against the Poles, with others advocating for a more cautious strategy until peace is won in the west.

-The members of the German League who have suspended their ties with you remain in limbo. They are clearly not intending to rejoin the Empire, but you also seemingly confirmed their deepest fears by attacking the Dutch without warning. How will you assuage their concerns and lure them back to your alliance? The longer they are fully independent, the more likely it is they will wish to remain that way.

-The situation in Wurttemburg seemed to be diffused, with the Austrians returning the royal family. Yet, the policy of economic strangulation has continued against Stuttgart and Hohenzollern. As the only members of the German League to remain on your side, the Duke of Wurttemburg is continuing to inquire about forcing the Austrians to allow them to trade freely. The situation in his territories is growing quite desperate, with some fearing famine and the arrival of the Plague. Will you aid him?

Ottoman Empire:

-The Ottoman Empire, formerly dealing with the insurrection in Moldova, is now at war against Poland and the Netherlands. Some in Istanbul are quite concerned about what may happen now that Poland is your foe, considering their relative restraint when it came to the Moldovian situation before now. How will you win this growing war?

-There are again reports of Persian movements along your shared border in Mesopotamia, emerging shortly after the start of the new war. It appears the Zand Dynasty is not willing to sit back and wait for you to come to them. They are undoubtedly waiting for Ottoman weakness before launching an attack, so how will you handle them? Some have proposed forming an alliance with Georgia (perhaps promising them Azerbaijan) as a potential deterrent, while others believe war should be declared outright, with you focusing your efforts there instead of Persia. The Ottomans certainly do have a lot of soldiers to work with. What is your plan?

-It has been noted by many that the Barbary States have been particularly inattentive to Ottoman demands. Their assaults on Venetian trade despite orders otherwise were certainly embarrassing. Some believe you should renounce their vassalage, with them only using it as a shield against responses to their piracy, while others argue you should reassert government control. Still a third group is content with the status quo, believing the problem to be best addressed once fighting in Europe is over.

Kingdom of Sweden:

-With Poland’s treacherous actions, you may have had no choice other than to declare war, King Adolf Frederick. Even so, Sweden now is at war with both Poland and Russia, so decisions must be made. Even with Venetian offers to mediate seeming promising, there are still no concrete steps towards peace with Catherine. Meanwhile your attempt to capture Gdansk was an embarrassing failure. Where shall the Swedes fight?

-Your royal power greatly increased as a result of the failed Cap insurrection in Stockholm. The Riksdag has been forced to follow your lead when it comes to diplomacy for the past few months, causing some Royalists to call outright for the body to be abolished, your wife doing so the loudest. They see your general control of the situation to provide a unique opportunity to cement absolute rule in Stockholm. Others, mainly Hats, are opposed to the move. Will you abolish the Riksdag now that it has been weakened?

-Polish agents have been formulating discontent in Finland during recent months, with pamphlets calling for your execution discovered by royal agents in some areas. These sentiments of nationalism, tamed by your granting them their own deliberative body, seem to be on the rise. Some call for a brutal crackdown to remind the Finns why they are Swedish subjects, while others believe the best way to encourage loyalty is to win abroad. What will you do about unease in Finland?

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland:

-Your failure to address the corruption of the Danish East India Company has damaged your reputation somewhat King Frederick, with the government inaction only seeming to encourage more outrageous actions in the far-off province. Several subjects in Copenhagen have begun to live ostentatiously off of their gains in India, causing resentment among their former equals. If not checked, this could become a serious problem. What will you do?

-Maratha officials have responded to your initial overtures, pleading for any aid possible now that France has so suddenly declared war. They believe European weapons and training could help them turn the tide, but some are reluctant to aid them. Helping the Maratha may draw France into a war against Denmark, wiping your new colonies off of the map. Will you listen to the Maratha proposal or ignore them in the interest of international stability?

-There are many in Denmark who resent the new alliance with Sweden, especially so soon after they were attempting to seize Norway from you. Veterans of the War of the Grand Coalitions are in particular frustrated by your orders to send thousands of Danes to fight in Russia in order to advance Swedish interests. They demand the immediate withdrawal of these men. More pragmatic advisors see the alliance with Sweden as a necessary evil, especially given the fact it has given Denmark colonies in India. Which side will you listen to?

Republic of Venice:

-Your new Polish allies have demanded you join them in their war against Prussia and Britain, promising to break your new agreement if you do not honor the alliance. While some Venetians would support such a move, others fear the reputation as a peacemaker could be thrown aside in an instant if you joined the fighting. How will Venice respond to the concerning situation involving two fellow republics?

-With your attempts to make Venice more democratic, there are now citizens of Venice calling for the office of Grand Doge to be reformed as well. They view the existing system of election as discriminatory and unfair to the common Venetians. There are also some who question the fairness of having the office bestowed on one elder for life. Others, perhaps the larger party in Venice, wish to see your title protected for the future and are happy with the status quo. Will the title of Doge be changed alongside so much else in your republic?

-Your forceful efforts to mediate peace and order have been applauded by many neutral observers. Your attempt to establish a system of united nations, on the other hand, has been largely ignored. Many rulers are loathe to cede their personal power to an international alliance, which they view as a body of tyranny. They are generally supported by their subjects, who see local matters as of more importance than national issues. Will you keep advocating for an international peace-keeping body or focus more on working to maintain neutrality alone?

[Spamage]

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont:

-The Estates have convened, excited about the new possibilities presented. Almost immediately though, tensions have emerged, particularly over the issue of taxation. The commoners are demanding taxes be placed on the nobility, drawing of France's system as an example. The nobility however, is jealously guarding its rights and even threatens revolt unless you end this attempt to weaken their privileges. The clergy remains neutral, lest taxes on the Church be proposed next. Which side will you back?

-You have been granted the Duchy of Parma by Spain in order to keep peace in Italy. Even so, Charles III was the hereditary ruler of those lands and many subjects are resentful of being handed over to Sardinian Rule. They have dodged taxes, harassed soldiers, and threatened strikes. For now the situation remains stable, but some in Turin demand you increase your presence there in order to assure no dissent goes unpunished. Others fear this alone could set off a revolt. What will you decide? How will the heart of Parma be won?

-The Plague has spread into your lands from Milan and France. Thousands are dying in mainland Italy, with Sardinia seeming to have been spared the worst of the disease. Some believe the island should be quarantined from the rest of your territories for the next few months in order to ensure that a profitable portion of your realm remains untouched. Others believe this could cause anger to spread on the island. How will you handle the Plague ravaging your subjects?

Kingdom of Portugal:

-Your daughter Maria was furious about the expulsion of the Jesuits, openly complaining about the "sacreligious" measure. Your wife reportedly agrees. Pombal has suggested confining the Princess, lest she further undermine your rule. Others at Court share the sentiments of the Princess, so isolating her could backfire. How will you deal with dissent in the Royal Family itself?

-Mysore, your protectorate in India, was alarmed by the French attack on the Maratha Confederacy. While they may not appreciate the Maratha's expansionist attitude, they are more concerned about outright absorption into a French India. They call on Portugal, as their protector, to take actions to moderate France's attitude in this region. With Portugal's long-time influence in India under serious threat for the first time since Vasco de Gama arrived in the 1500's, what will you do?

-Some in Lisbon see Africa as the place to reestablish Portugal as a great power. While you have small outposts in Mozambique and Angola they are just that, small. With the Dutch in the Cape Colony, and now the Prussians in Namibia, some believe you should actively expand Portuguese holdings in these African areas by warring with the natives. Others see it as too expensive, though following your expulsion of the Jesuits, perhaps there is money to spend. What will you do about Africa?

Kingdom of Spain:

-Well done in diffusing a tense situation, King Charles. War over Naples has been avoided, with the Kingdom remaining a satillite of the Spanish Crown until your son comes of age. With your son being named King though, the question about where he is to live has arisen. Some in Naples demand their King be sent to them, though this could significantly limit the control you have over your son's government. Others, your family in particular, believe the boy should be raised in Madrid alongside his siblings, even if it alienates some of his subjects. What will you decide as regent?

-The former French subjects in New Orleans have been quite vocal about wanting some form of self-government. While they would rather be under Spanish rule than that of the British, they still feel alienated from the other colonies and want their own assembly. Conservatives see this as setting a dangerous precedent, arguing for increased Spanish settlement in the area in order to outnumber the remaining French. Others believe that the region does have legitimate greivances. How will you proceed in regards to New Orleans?

-Jesuits have fled into Spain by the thousands following their expulsion from Portugal. Many Spaniards were outraged by stories of the seizure of Jesuit gold and lands by your brother-in-law Joseph of Portugal. They demand you place pressure on Portugal to reinstate the Jesuits, or at very least allow them to travel through Portugal freely, even if the property is not returned. Others argue Spain should expel the Jesuits as well, whatever the response of Pope Benedict. What is Spain's answer to this religious enigma?

United Provinces of the Netherlands:

-IT IS WAR! The Prussians and British attacked your Republic without even declaring war, causing the Dutch people to rally around your cause. One newspaper declared "we are willing to fight another war of eighty years if it means we can finally rule ourselves!". The Dutch forces have been pushed back in the humiliation at Groningen though, so clearly clever tactics will be necessary to turn the tide. How will you proceed?

-Thousands of former Dutchmen in the now-French provinces are offering their arms to help save the Republic, only demanding land once the war is over. They seek to escape French oppression and return to Dutch rule, though employing them risks raising the ire of France, who may not take too kindly to the use of their subjects in a foreign war. Still, others believe these men will be necessary if you are to have a hope of total victory. What will you do?

-Prussia has provacatively established a base north of the Cape Colony. Dutch settlers in the region are outraged and demand decisive action be taken to kill the settlement before it takes off. Others point out that the small area is already garrisoned, so attacking and losing could put all of the Cape Colony at risk. What will your response to Prussian infringement on Dutch territory in Africa be? Perhaps the local tribes could be coaxed into acting...?

[Spamage]

Armies & ‬Locations
Kingdom of Prussia
84,600 ‬Army of the East
79,200 ‬Army of the West
2,000 Army of Africa
25,000 ‬men garrisoned
(Can raise ‬8,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of France
50,000 ‬Army of France
68,000 ‬Army of East India
69,355 ‬Army of West India
5,000 ‬Army of Quebec
10,000 ‬Army of India
40,000 ‬men garrisoned
(‬45,000 ‬Spanish Volunteers Included in Armies of India)
(‬Can raise ‬80,500 ‬more)

Kingdom of Great Britain
13,308 ‬Army of Ireland
18,325 ‬Continental Army (‬in England)
8,000 ‬Army of Britain
36,616 ‬Army & ‬Garrison of the ‬13 ‬Colonies
8,936 ‬Army of New York
9,189 ‬Army of Ohio
5,794 ‬Army & ‬Garrison of Australia
(‬Can raise ‬10,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of Sweden
114,299 ‬Army of Sweden
5,000 ‬Army of Saarema
4,200 ‬Army of Gdansk (‬in Sweden)
12,000 ‬men garrisoned
(‬33,000 ‬Danish Volunteers in army of Sweden)
(‬Can raise ‬10,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland
9,900 ‬Army of Denmark-Norway
(‬33,000 ‬in Danish Volunteers in army of Sweden)
(‬Can raise ‬32,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
25,390 ‬men raised and mobile
8,000 ‬men garrisoned
(‬Can raise ‬10,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of Spain
10,000 ‬men raised and mobile
25,000 ‬Army of Naples
25,000 ‬men garrisoned
15,000 ‬Army & ‬Garrison of New Spain
10,000 ‬Army & ‬Garrison of South America
2,000 ‬Army & ‬Garrison of the Philippines
(‬45,000 ‬Men in French India)
(‬can raise ‬45,000 ‬more)
 
Russian Empire:
166,300 ‬Army of Siberia
128,400 ‬Army of North Russia
(‬can raise ‬5,000 ‬more)

Archduchy of Austria
50,000 ‬Army of Austria
(‬can raise ‬160,700 ‬more)

Ottoman Empire
75,534 ‬Army of the Danube
45,975,Army of Moldova
20,000 ‬Army of Istanbul
35,000 ‬men garrisoned
7,500 ‬Swiss Mercenaries
(‬can raise ‬25,000 ‬more)

Republic of Venice
12,000 ‬men raised and mobile
(‬can raise ‬20,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of Portugal
20,000 ‬men raised and mobile
10,000 ‬men garrisoned
6,850 ‬Army of Brazil
(‬Can raise ‬20,000 ‬more)

United Provinces of the Netherlands
58,000 ‬Army of the Netherlands
2,000 ‬men Army & ‬Garrison of Dutch East Indies
1,000 ‬men Army & ‬Garrison of Cape Colony
(‬can raise ‬25,000 ‬more)

Free Republic of Poland-Lithuania
95,300 Army of Gdansk
10,000 Army of Warsaw
30,000 Army of the North
35,000 Army of the South
(20,000 men garrisoned)
(can raise ? more)

Navies of the World
Kingdom of Great Britain
170 ‬Ships of the Line
123 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of France
107 ‬Ships of the Line
51 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Spain
57 ‬Ships of the Line
28 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Portugal
32 ‬Ships of the Line
20 ‬Frigates

Russian Empire
29 ‬Ships of the Line
5 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway
22 ‬Ships of the Line
18 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Sweden
22 ‬Ships of the Line
9 ‬Frigates

Ottoman Empire
18 ‬Ships of the Line
8 ‬Frigates

Republic of Venice
10 ‬Ships of the Line
21 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Prussia
4 ‬Ships of the Line
5 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Portugal
32 ‬Ships of the Line
20 ‬Frigates

United Provinces of the Netherlands
57 ‬Ships of the Line
43 ‬Frigates

[Spamage]

Foundation of the Catholic League!
France, Spain, Naples, and Sardinia-Piedmont Form Alliance

Following the spread of the Plague into France, attempts to formulate discontent in Sardinia, and a general feeling of unease in European politics, the major Catholic powers of Europe (sans Austria) agreed to establish a formal alliance. Dubbing themselves the "Catholic League" they have promised mutual defense and increased diplomatic ties. The three Bourbon Kingdoms have been joined by Sardinia in the agreement. Pope Benedict XV praised the move, calling on these powers to unite and keep Christendom safe. Voltaire, on the other hand, was widely reported to have dubbed the organization a "League of Fools and Fanatics".

The Diet of the League has been established in Avignon, with representatives of the various powers meeting regularly in order to coordinate their actions and cooperate overall. Reaction of the minor European powers has ranged from dismissal, with several other Catholic realms ignoring the organization, to condemnation (especially among North German Protestants). The name reminds many of the former Catholic League that was involved in the Thirty Years War, bringing back bad memories for some. It remains seen how the major powers will respond to this new alliance, or if the four kingdoms can keep their alliance stable.

Ottomans and Georgia Sign Defensive Alliance!

King Solomon I was alarmed by the agressive actions of Persia, fearing his realm was just as vulnerable as the Ottoman Empire to an attack by the House of Zand. Thus, when Ottoman diplomats arrived in Tbilisi proposing an alliance, he was eager to accept. Despite a rivalry of many years, neither realm wishes to see a resurgant Persia. Orthodox subjects of the Ottomans were quite reassured by the agreement, hoping such an alliance will ensure continued coexistance of the Islamic and Christian religions. It is unclear if Persia has been deterred. 

[Spamage]

Royal Families of Europe

House of Bourbon: France
Head: Louis XV (1710-) m. Marie Leszczyńska (1703-)

Direct Heirs (underlined) & Other Descendants:
a. Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma (1727-) m. Philip, Duke of Parma

b. Louis, Dauphin of France (1729-) m. Maria Josepha Wettin (1731-)
     1. Louis, Duc de Burgundy (1751-)
     2. Louis-Auguste, Duc de Berry (1754-)
     3. Louis Stanislas, Comte de Provence (1755-)
     4. Marie (1757-)
     5. Charles, Comte de Artois (1759-)

c. Marie Adélaïde (1732-)

d. Victoire Louise Marie Therese (1733-)

e. Sophie Philippine Elisabeth Justine (1734-)

f. Louise Marie (1737-)

House of Bourbon: Spain
Head: Charles III (1716-) m. Maria Amalia Wettin (1724-)

Direct Heirs (underlined) & Other Descendants:
a. Maria Josefa (1744-)

b. Maria Luisa (1745-) m. King George III of Great Britain (1738-)

c. Philip, Duque de Calabria (1747-)

d. Charles, Príncipe de Taranto (1748-)

e. Ferdinand IV, King of Naples (1751-)

f. Gabriel (1752-)

g. Antonio Pascual (1755-)

h. Francisco Javier (1757-)

House of Hanover
Head: George III (1738-) m. Maria Luisa Bourbon (1745-)

Direct Heirs (underlined) & Other Descendants:
a. Charles, Prince of Wales (1760-)

House of Holstein-Gottorp
Head: Adolf Frederick (1710-) m. Louisa Ulrika Hohenzollern (1720-)

Direct Heirs (underlined) & Other Descendants:
a. Gustav, Storfurste av Finland (1746-)

b. Charles (1748-)

c. Frederick Adolf (1750-)

d. Sofia Albertina (1753-)

House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Head: Joseph II (1741-) m.

Direct Heirs (underlined) & Other Descendants:
No Children (OTL Siblings are heirs)

House of Oldenburg
Head: Frederick V (1723-) m. Louise of Hanover (1724-1751) & Juliana Maria of Brunswick (1729-)

Direct Heirs (underlined) & Other Descendants:
a. Sophia Magdalena (1746-)

b. Wilhelmina Caroline (1747-)

c. Christian (1749-)

d. Louise (1750-)

e. Frederick (1753-)

House of Hohenzollern
Head: Frederick II (1712-) m. Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick (1715-)

Direct Heirs (underlined) & Other Descendants:
(No Issue, Nephew Frederick William is heir)

House of Romanov
Head: Paul I (1754-) m.

Direct Heirs (underlined) & Other Descendants:
(No children, Catherine considered heir)

House of Savoy
Head: Charles Emmanuel III (1701-) m. (Three wives, all deceased)

Direct Heirs (underlined) & Other Descendants:
a. Victor Amadeus, Duca di Savoia (1726-) m. Maria Antonia Bourbon (1729-)
     1. Charles Emmanuel (1751-)
     2. Maria Giuseppina (1753-)
     3. Maria Theresa (1756-)
     4. Maria Anna (1757-)
     5. Maria Christina (1759-)

b. Eleanora Maria (1728-)

c. Maria Luisa (1729-), nun.

d. Maria Felicita (1730-)

e. Benedetto, Duca di Chablais (1741-)

House of Braganza
Head: Joseph I (1714-) m. Mariana Victoria Bourbon (1718-)

Direct Heirs (underlined) & Other Descendants:
a. Maria (1734-)

b. Mariana Francisca (1736-)

c. Doroteia (1739-)

d. Benedita (1746-)

[Spamage]

World Military Update
January-June 1760

Summary: Fighting continued all across Europe. The Dutch Republic is nearing collapse, the Moldovians are expanding into Wallachia, and a huge blow is dealt to Peter III’s cause in Russia, even as his Swedish allies appear to have been fortunate. With Austria joining the vast network of hostilities, the future is more uncertain than ever...

War of the Two Republics

United Provinces of the Netherlands, Free Republic of Poland-Lithuania, Republic of Moldova
v.
Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Prussia, Kingdom of Sweden, Ottoman Empire
v.
Zaporozhian Cossacks

Battle of Arnhem: Slight Prussian Victory

Following their success in the Battle of Groningen, Prussian forces quickly marched south, hoping to invade the remainder of the United Provinces and collapse Jacob Gilles government. The Dutch employed Flemings from France in addition to their forces, throwing everything they had at the Prussian Army in a desperate defense. The Battle of Arnhem lasted several hours, leaving thousands dead. When the smoke cleared though, the Prussians held the field and the city. The shattered remains of the Dutch Army have retreated towards the Hague as the government now openly is offering to negotiate peace terms.

Invasion of the Cape Colony: Decisive Prussian Victory

The Dutch Cape Colonists were caught entirely off-guard when Prussian sails appeared off the coast, quickly landing 5,000 men and overwhelming the small number of defenders. Johannesburg and other small settlements quickly capitulated, leaving a century of Dutch colony rule in question.

Battle of Poznan: Stalemate

Frederick II attempted to reverse his fortune in the east, though to much less success than in the United Provinces. Calling up several thousand of the Landwehr, raising more men, and depleting some of his garrisons, he embarked on an attempt to liberate Gdansk by the means of a feint attack. The Poles were prepared however, their main army not marching against East Prussia, but to defend the Polish homeland. In another dramatic battle the Prussians proved unable to crack the Polish nut. Close hand-to-hand combat ruled the day once it was clear conventional tactics were not working. While the Prussians had less casualties, they’ve been forced back towards their border.

Polish Invasion of Ostpreussen: Major Polish Victory

The Poles instead sent their northern army against Ostpreussen, while the main body fought against the Prussians. The region was caught unprepared. Memel and Tilsit fell easily, leaving the rural areas open to quick conquest. The city of Konigsberg however, the traditional Hohenzollern capitol, held firm. It prepared for a siege, supplied by ships from the Baltic. Thus, though the Poles have captured much of the territory, the most important prize has thus far eluded them.

Battle of Iasi: Major Moldovan Victory

The Ottomans assembled their forces, moving north to crush the remains of the Moldovan forces. However, they were unprepared for two factors. First, the Poles sent their southern army to join their comrades, now that the Ottomans had joined the war against them. Second, their Crimean allies were unable to arrive due to the chaos that had been fomented by the Cossacks to the east. Taking advantage of the terrain, local support, and love of country the Moldovan-Polish force surprised the Ottomans, pushing them out of the realm in a startled retreat. Advanced guards of the Moldovan Army have attempted to reach the Danube as Wallachia debates whether to join their Romanian brethren. Ottoman Europe appears to be facing its greatest threat since the Crusade of Varna, as other nationalities may consider the calls from Poland to rise on their own, though this remains far from certain.

Chaos in Crimea, Poland, Ukraine: Major Cossack Victory

The Ottomans and Prussians conspired to have the Zaporzhian Cossacks join the war on their side, offering them an independent realm in exchange for help assaulting Kiev and capturing Catherine and Paul. The regent and Paul however, had moved to Moscow following the liberation of that capitol, thwarting detailed attempts to capture Catherine. Regardless, the Cossacks rose as instructed, capturing and sacking Kiev while astonished citizens watched in horror. Their actions did not stop there, though. Centuries of bad blood and rivalry could not simply be papered over. The Cossacks turned on their Crimean “allies”, launching a series of surprise attacks and tricks in order to damage that realm. Likewise, Poland fell victim to Cossack raids. Cossack leaders argue they do not need other nations to give them independence, but will seize it themselves by expelling all of their foes. How Russia, Poland, and the Ottomans respond to this many-sided threat may determine the future of this region.

Franco-Maratha War

Kingdom of France
v.
Maratha Confederacy

Battle of Orissa: Major French Victory

Looking to improve on their showing from the last six months, French forces vigorously campaigned in Eastern India against the Marathas. Throughout Orissa, the Confederacy was largely expelled and French rule established. Attempts by some locals to instigate resistance have largely been thwarted by captured elites, who have proven willing to cooperate under promises of some power being retained after the eventual peace.

Battle of Jalgaon: Slight Maratha Victory

The situation in the west did not quite go as well for the French invaders. Despite possessing superiority of numbers, locals in this area aided the Maratha force in ambushing and defeating the French Army in a brutal fight. Though the French managed to inflict numerous casualties on the Marathans, they were also forced to cede some of their gains from late 1759 in their retreat.

War of the Two Tsars

Pauline Russia, Archduchy of Austria
v.
Petrine Russia, Kingdom of Sweden

Battle of Tver: Major Pauline Victory

The Swedes plotted with Peter III to overthrow Catherine's regency, the two armies coordinating operations throughout the north. The Petrines were discouraged by the events of the past year and thus obeyed the commands of their erstwhile ally. They held numerical superiority preparing and launching a joint attack on the Pauline forces. When fighting commenced however, there was a stunning development. 60,000 Austrians were in the Pauline Army, bolstering their numbers and providing much-needed aid to Catherine. The battle proved to be the largest so far in Russian history, thanks in large part to the foreign intervention in both sides. It was decided around midday, when a line of Danes broke following hours under heavy fire. With them in retreat, the Swedes and Peter were unable to maintain the front. Catherine's cavalry filled the gap and it became a rout. The Swedes fled north, moving towards Vibourg with Peter III and his men in tow. St. Petersburg has been lost, though the Swedes remain on Russian soil, the Danes and Petrines having borne most of the casualties in the Battle of Tver. It has been noted that Peter's army has been facing heavy desertions following the defeat.

Joseph II, successfully in the eyes of many, justified his move by pointing to the fact that Austria and Russia had signed an alliance of mutual defense several years earlier. Sweden had attacked Russia, therefore Austria was entitled (or perhaps even required) to honor their obligations and assist Elizabeth's heir, Paul. While war with Sweden had not been openly declared, under his interpretation it had been occuring nonetheless.

Invasion of Riga: Decisive Swedish Victory

The Swedes did not solely operate in the north, also undertaking operations in Latvia oncemore. The former army sent to invade Gdansk was merged with the army which had seized the Baltic islands. The larger force landed by Riga, capturing the city due to no Russian garrison being present. The surrounding area was likewise seized, the people war-weary and wanting to be left in peace. In the chaos, several Russian naval vessels were captured, the rest managing to narrowly escape out into the Baltic. With ships being such an expensive investment, it could cost Catherine dearly should she want to replace them.

Pauline Invasion of Siberia: Major Pauline Victory

With Peter III and his forces having moved away from Siberia in order to work with the Swedes, the vast east was left open to Catherine's men. The Army of Siberia advanced throughout many miles of rebellious territory, finding anarchy in most locations, indifference in others. As they've moved east, more and more locals are quickly aknowledging her right to be regent. It is widely suspected total control could be reasserted, should Peter III not return, within a year. Some think it may only take months.

[Spamage]

News: January-June 1760

Poland Declares "Alliance of Free Peoples"
Calls on Finns, Bulgarians, Greeks to Rise Up!

With the war effort against Prussia seeming to go well for the Poles, there was been a rise in support for the National Assembly. In Warsaw the fight became framed as a war of people trying to free themselves from the shackles of slavery and despotism. With this in mind, a collection of delegates have unleashed a radical proclamation, quickly being backed by the government. They call on the "oppressed peoples" under the yoke of their enemies to rise up. The Finns, Norwegians, Bulgarians, Greeks, and Wallachians were given specific mention in the dramatic "Declaration of the Free Peoples of Europe". The former Cap Swedish prisoners joined exiles from all of the nationalities listed in signing a blanket declaration of support for uprisings and riots.

Perhaps the most notable detail is not the groups that are listed, but those that are not. No mention is made of either the Hungarians or Bohemians (though this has not stopped radicals in both lands from attempting to call their people to arms in the same spirit of the Declaration). This is seen to stem from Poland's cooperation with Austria, allowing an army to cross through their lands in order to go to Russia.

While the Declaration is dramatic, there have not been any open rebellions caused by it (yet, at least). Though it has caused unease throughout Europe, perhaps setting a dangerous precedent of a sovereign nation calling for serious dissolution of its neighbors, how the powers treat the minorities in their realms will likely be more important than any foreign decree.

Austria Intervenes in Russia, Violates Treaty of Prague?

Joseph II's surprise decision to intervene in Russia sent shockwaves throughout Europe. The Emperor made a legalistic argument in regards to his intervention, pointing to various treaties Austria possessed with Russia, including coming to her aid if she was attacked. As Sweden had launched an invasion, he felt intervention was justified. Still, especially after the presence of Peter III at the Battle of Tver, some are wondering if he did not violate the pledge in the Treaty of Prague to stay out of the Russian Civil War. While the presence of Petrine forces could not be forseen, without Austrian aide, they and the Swedes could very well have defeated the Paulines. How will the other Courts of Europe react to a potential violation of the Treaty of Prague so soon after its signing?

Plague Dissipates in Europe!

Amid all the horrors of war and unrest, there was also good news for Europe. Following intense efforts in France and Italy to contain the spread of the dreaded Plague, the disease has ceased to spread. In fact, it appears to be disappearing. The number of dead in cities is slowly declining as life begins to return to normal. Is the awful nightmare of the last few years finally at an end? Many hope so, crediting efforts to clean cities as crucial to success.

Diet Votes to Trade with Wurttemburg, though with conditions

With the dispute between Wurttemburg and the Empire remaining at the forefront of German affairs, the Diet attempted to formulate a solution, though not one necessarily helpful for Stuttgart. Trade is to be opened up between that Principality and the outside world, though high tariffs are to remain in place. Any outside realm hoping to send their goods in will face numerous fees, same with Wurttemburgers attempting to ship goods out. While nominal trade has opened, many point out that it is nowhere near Imperial levels. If this solution is good enough will be for both Prussia and Wurttemburg to decide.

COSSACK REBELLION: ATTACKS AGAINST POLES, CRIMEANS, AND RUSSIANS!

A crisis has emerged in Ukraine, with the Zaporozhian Cossacks attacking the Russians, Poles, and Crimeans in quick succession. While they were supposed to be allied to the Ottomans, centuries of bad blood remains too formidable an obstacle. The National Assembly has condemned their attacks, though there are those in Warsaw who believe a bit of land should be ceded to them in order for them to gain self-determination. Meanwhile in Russia, the sack of Kiev was met with universal outrage and shock. The holy city, already profaned by Ottoman captors, now has been gutted by rebellious subjects. Some wonder if it will ever recover.

The Cossacks could prove and annoyance to the three major factions in Eastern Europe, though many are skeptical they will be more than that. Except for the Crimean Khanate, none of the other powers in the area face an existential threat from them at the moment.

Riots in Amsterdam
People Call for Restoration of William V Amid Invasion

With successive defeats at Groningen and Arnhem, the already shaky regime of Jacob Gilles appears on the verge of collapse. The loss of so much Dutch territory in Europe, not to mention the Cape Colony, has caused for the people to openly advocate a return to normalcy, with the restoration of William V. Riots have occurred throughout all of Amsterdam, with the house of one of Gilles' lieutenants being burned to the ground. There is an air of unease in the city as Prussian soldiers creep ever nearer.

The Staats General has been responsive though, offering to send ambassadors to Berlin to negotiate a deal. Should Prussia prove unwilling to negotiate however, radical republicans are calling for the dikes, recently repaired, to be burst again. This would cause widespread damage and could hinder the Prussian advance.

British Defeat Former Iroquois Allies

With major fighting occurring elsewhere, most foreign observers ignored a major turning point in British settlement of North America. Following a series of invasions, occupations, and defeats the Iroquois Confederacy, once powerful and Britain's former friend, has dissolved. Some tribes have surrendered to colonial officials, others fleeing west in order to carry on the fight. While the Cherokee and Creek still remain adamant in their resistance, this is a significant blow to the native cause in the New World.

PRUSSIANS HAD SALTYKOV MURDERED!

Catherine's investigation into the murder of her supposed lover, Sergei Saltykov, has reached a surprising solution. Torture and arrests have revealed Prussian agentd were responsible for his death. While this has largely silenced rumors of Catherine being complicit, jokes still abound about the murder of "the Emperor's Father". While officials are trying to silent such treasonous talk, it nevertheless persists.

Trade Disruption! Many Merchants Furious!

With the Prussian capture of the Cape Colony and French conquests in India, traditional trade routes have been disrupted. Dutch vessels are refusing to acknowledge the loss of that territory, turning around rather than sending their goods to Europe. Likewise many other trading companies are not willing to move their goods via sea with such uncertainty in South Africa. Rather than relying on traditional transport methods, some have begun to turn to the Ottoman Empire as a middleman, boosting their economy for the time being. Meanwhile, until normal trade is restored, the economies of Europe may be troubled by higher prices for desired goods (and all the unrest that entails).

[Spamage]

The Concert of Europe

June 1760

Nations, ‬Leaders, & ‬Players:
Russian Empire- ‬Regent Catherine Romanov (‬Henry Wallace)
Kingdom of France- ‬King Louis XV Bourbon (‬Windjammer)
Kingdom of Prussia‬- ‬King Fredrick II Hohenzollern (‬Lumine)
Archduchy of Austria‬- ‬Emperor Joseph II Habsburg (‬Dereich)
Kingdom of Great Britain- ‬King George III of Hanover (‬DKrol)
Kingdom of Spain- ‬King Charles III Bourbon (‬LouisvilleThunder)
Ottoman Empire-‬ Sultan Mustafa III Osmanoğlu
Kingdom of Sweden- ‬King Adolf Frederick (‬YPestis25)
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont- ‬King Charles Emmanuel III Savoy (‬TimTurner)
Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland- ‬King Frederick V Oldenburg (‬Kingpoleon)
Republic of Venice- ‬Doge Francesco Loredan (‬GOTfan)
Kingdom of Portugal- ‬King Joseph I Braganza (‬Mike88)
United Provinces of the Netherlands- Grand Pensioner Jacob Gilles[‬/center]

Economic Standings:
Republic of Venice- ‬Strong
Kingdom of Spain- ‬Strong
Kingdom of Portugal- ‬Strong
Kingdom of Great Britain- ‬Strong
Archduchy of Austria- ‬Moderate
Kingdom of Prussia- ‬Moderate
Kingdom of France- ‬Moderate
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont-Moderate
Ottoman Empire- ‬Moderate
Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland- ‬Weak
Kingdom of Sweden- ‬Weak
United Provinces of the Netherlands- ‬Very Weak
Russian Empire- ‬Very Weak


Popularity:
Louis XV of France- ‬Very High
Francesco Loredan of Venice- ‬High
Joseph II of Austria- ‬High
Charles III of Spain- ‬High
Mustafa III of Ottoman Empire- ‬High
Charles Emmanuel III- ‬High
Frederick II of Prussia- ‬High
Catherine of Russia, ‬Regent- ‬Moderate
Joseph I of Portugal- ‬Moderate
Frederick V of Denmark- ‬Moderate
Adolf Frederick of Sweden- ‬Moderate
George III of Great Britain- ‬Moderate
Jacob Gilles of the Netherlands- ‬Low

Ongoing Conflicts:
War of the Three (‬Two) ‬Tsars: ‬Kingdom of Sweden, ‬Petrine Russia v. ‬Pauline Russia
War of the Two Republics: ‬Kingdom of Prussia, ‬Kingdom of Great Britain, ‬Ottoman Empire, ‬Kingdom of Sweden v. ‬United Provinces of the Netherlands, ‬Free Republic of Poland-Lithuania, ‬Republic of Moldova
Franco-Maratha War: ‬Kingdom of France v. ‬Maratha Confederacy
Great American Indian War: Kingdom of Great Britain v. Cherokee, Wabnaki, Creek, Obijwe, Cree

Russian Empire:

-Peter III and the traitorous Swedes are on the retreat! St. Petersburg is yours once more! The successes of the Pauline Army have caused you to receive a great deal of praise, Catherine. Yet, you must continue to solve difficult questions. With the recapture of so much land from Peter and the rebels, there are questions about what is to be done to those who have cooperated with your ex-husband? Many local officials at least tacitly endorsed his efforts. Furthermore, will the liberated serfs in the lands retaken be sent back to their estates? The nobles are demanding this occur, though others fear this could backfire. How will you deal with Peter’s former subjects?

-Russia has been fighting a civil war, as well as an invasion, for roughly three years. This doesn’t include the expenses incurred by Elizabeth during the War of the Grand Coalitions. Needless to say, your coffers are exceedingly light and many worry you will soon be unable to pay your army, undoubtedly triggering mass desertions. Some at Court believe the gold of the churches should be seized, in order for the soldiers to be paid and Russia’s fight to continue (they point out that the Church could be paid back in the future). Others see taxing Peter’s former subjects for all they’re worth as the answer. Perhaps your troops would be understanding, maybe even fighting for the promise of future gains. How will you solve this problem?

-Zaporozhian Cossacks have risen, urged on by the Ottomans, and sacked the city of Kiev. Thousands of subjects are fleeing the Ukraine, with attacks also reported against the Poles and Crimeans. Will you be the one to handle this situation, or let the other powers deal with the rebellious Cossacks while you restore order?

Archduchy of Austria:

-Several Imperial Princes have come forward, offering their female relatives as potential wives for your highness. The Elector of Saxony, Augustus III’s son, offers his sister Maria Kunigunde (though this may be unpopular in Poland). The King of Bavaria suggests his sister Maria Josepha (which could give you a potential to add Bavaria to your realm if he dies childless). Isabella of Parma is another suggestion, this one would tie you to the French and Spanish families. Lastly, the young Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt (14) has been offered by her father. Who will you choose?

-Poland’s actions in Europe, particularly calling for the liberation of Bulgaria, Finland, and other minorities has had an effect in your realm, whether intended or not. Pamphlets are appearing in Prague and Buda calling for nationalist rebellions. How will you respond to such incendiary materials? Some are calling for brutal reprisals and supression of underground publishing houses. Others urge you to ignore it, so as not to provoke them. How will Austria walk this tight line?

-Your men are in Russia, most recently having aided Catherine in pushing the Swedes back north where they belong. Now what will your expeditionary force do? Will you move on Riga, continue to work with Catherine’s Army, liberate Siberia, or even return to Austria? Perhaps Austria could crush the Zaporozhian Cossacks? How will you use the forces?

Kingdom of France:

-Your men have gained more ground in India, though the number of dead also grows. There is new concerning news however, this time from the northeast. The Durrani have reportedly been moving men along the border, some of your subjects reporting they are frightened by a united French India, hoping to act before it comes to pass. They would likely gain the sympathy of your Muslim subjects, just like the Hindus are sympathetic to the Maratha. Some in Paris suggest bribing Persia to war against the Durrani, in order to buy you time, while others believe direct diplomacy is a better answer. The war faction believe you should let them invade, defeat them, and add their territories to the French Empire too. What will you do?

-A small group of French settlers have landed in the far off island of Hokkaido. The local Ainu are unfriendly though, and chance encounters with Japanese vessels have thus far only resulted in hostilities. Given time though, the potential for the colony to grow is certainly present. The people would like a small garrison to keep themselves safe, though this could also serve to drive the natives to war. Will you send the new town of Louisville defenses?

-You chose to locate the Diet of the Catholic League in Avignon. There are numerous crypto-Huguenots in the area however, some of whom are suspected of sabotaging operations. Carriages have been damaged, some buildings have been set aflame, and false directions have been given. While no one has been killed, these actions are embarrassing for your realm, especially as a key member of a “Catholic” league. Some bishops are calling for a limited inquisition in the area, in order to better understand the religious leanings of your subjects who may not have shed their heretical tendencies. Will you grant this request?

Kingdom of Great Britain:

-War in the Netherlands appears to be winding down, with many expecting the restoration of William V shortly. His grandmother Marie Louise is adamant however, that any peace settlement sees Dutch territory intact, meaning Prussia would be forbidden from annexing the Cape Colony. She argues her grandson was expelled by a rebellious mob and did nothing to deserve having his realm cut to pieces. Others see agreeing to her conditions as leaving the door open to a future rift with Prussia. Where do you stand on the matter of Dutch territorial integrity?

-A son has been born to you and your wife, named Charles George William of Hanover, the Prince of Wales in honor of his grandfather, the King of Spain. Your wife has hinted that she wants the boy brought up in her faith, though to many in London this would be a serious insult. James II lost his throne, after all, for advocating a similar policy. Yet, the days of religious conformity also are supposedly gone, after your grandfather’s declaration of Catholic Emancipation. Will you listen to your wife’s demands or have your son raised a good Anglican?

-An administrative question has arisen as a consequence of the annexation of French Louisiana. Many in the 13 Colonies wonder if the existing colonies should have their claims expanded to the west, or if new colonies should be established altogether. With growing success against the natives and subjects moving beyond the Appalachians, the question has become far more relevant. What is your view on the matter?

[Spamage]

Kingdom of Prussia:

-Prussia sits in a dominant position in the United Provinces following the Battle of Arnhem, with Jacob Gilles now formally offering terms. He offers the Cape Colony and the restoration of William V (under the guardianship of the Staats General of course) in return for peace. Some in Berlin are urging you to reject these terms and fight for William V’s rights to rule as an absolute monarch, even if Marie Louise is making noise that she does not desire Prussia be given an inch of her grandson’s territory. Will you negotiate with the Gilles government or force it to collapse and build a whole new one, ending republicanism in the Netherlands?

-The fight in the east is far less certain. Thousands of East Prussians are fleeing into Pomerania and Brandenburg following the Polish capture of most of the region. They report of property being seized, churches being sacked, and any valuables being extracted. Furthermore, the Polish government has actively begun to settle Poles on the lands, returning them to their “former soil”. While your army outnumbers them for the time being, some fear if you attack the Army besieging Konigsberg will just march to the aid of the larger force. How will you deal with the Polish menace?

-Your capture of South Africa has been praised throughout Prussia. The local Dutch settlers though, are much less happy. There have been mild acts of resistance in Johannesburg, causing some advisors to advocate active Prussian colonization in order to outnumber the Dutch locals. Another issue is the numerous native tribes and people in the area, many of whom are used to dealing or fighting with the Dutch. How will you deal with them now that Prussia is in charge?

Kingdom of Sweden:

-The last few months of the war in Russia were mixed, at best. While there was celebration about the Swedish capture of Riga, the defeat at Tver shocked your people, many who believed war with Russia was almost complete. How the next few months develop will determine whether you continue to remain on the offense or are forced to defend Swedish lands against a resurgent Russia. How will you teach the Paulines, not to mention the wretched Austrians, a lesson? Also, your cousin Peter’s cause seems to have stalled, with his forces taking heavy casualties in the battle of Tver. His opponent’s cause, that of your niece Catherine, appears to have been strengthened. Will you cooperate with Peter again during these next few months? Or will he be abandoned as Sweden attempts to fight the war its own way?

-Your failure to address the growing unease in Finland has only caused the local fury there to grow. With Poland’s “Alliance of the Free Peoples” it is reported that some locals have begun to privately gather weapons, denounce the Crown as absolutist, and communicate with upset Caps. A rebellion may not be immediate, especially following your lauded success in Latvia, but there are numerous local officials who are quite concerned. Some are calling for some soldiers to be withdrawn from Russia in order to garrison the region. Will you?

-Your navy in the Baltic is roughly on par with the Russian fleet following the successful damage to their vessels in the capture of Riga. Some are calling on you to now assert an active policy on the Baltic Sea, hunting down the remaining Russian ships and capturing what you can. This could go a long way to ensuring Swedish control of the Baltic lasts this time. Others fear the risks to the valuable fleet are too great, failure meaning Russian control of the waters. What will you do?

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland:

-The French largely ignored your entreaties, with the Maratha situation now looking worse than it did several months ago. Local officials are calling for Danish aid in any form, lamenting the French invasion. Some in Copenhagen wish for you to follow up your words with action by openly aiding the Marathas, while others fear a war may start that Denmark cannot win alone. How will you respond to requests for aid by a friendly nation?

-Several advisors have proposed that Denmark begin taxing all trade that sails into and out of the Baltic Sea, enforceable due to control of both sides of the strait connecting that body of water to the North Sea (Norway and Denmark). They see the policy as a way to improve the Danish economy while limiting the potential income of a powerful Prussia, Sweden, Poland, or Russia from trade. While it is likely other realms would not be happy, perhaps wrecking old friendships, Denmark does need the money. Will you institute the tax on trade crossing in and out of the Baltic?

-Danish soldiers in Russia are reportedly quite demoralized. They see little point in fighting for a King that was once their enemy in a far off realm against a ruler with whom they have no quarrel. After the heavy casualties in the Battle of Tver, some advisors are calling on you to recall the expeditionary force, as it has grown to be quite unpopular among your subjects and within the military. Many see no potential gains for Denmark from a resurgent Sweden and are curious as to why you would aid them in capturing the Baltic. Others demand you honor your word, even if it means more Danish casualties. What will you do?

Republic of Venice:

-For the first time, with the failure of establishing peace in the Netherlands, India, or Poland, Venetians are mocking your consistent neutrality. There have been whispers all throughout the Republic arguing that the idea, while nice on paper, has largely failed in practice. One anonymous leaflet discovered stated, "This policy only serves to leave us weak and alone. While the other nations strengthen and expand, we allow pirates to attack and republics to crumble". Naturally, there are those who do support your efforts, but even their patience is wearing thin. Unless you are able to show your foreign policy has been a success for Venice, the elections you've decreed for the title of Doge could come to haunt you.

-Speaking of elections, the most recent round of voting has swept in a whole new party, looking to take your reformists steps and turn them into a republican leap. Radical republicans have been voted in, primarily by the lower classes who wish to see the traditional oligarchy in Venice thrown out. They call for a more active foreign policy, in particular support of Poland, as well as reforming the Venetian government. They are opposed by the Conservatives, a broad coalition of merchant families and clergy. Your city is roughly evenly divided. Will you support either side or attempt to find a balance in the middle?

-All of Poland's proclamations about self-government, as well as Venetian reforms, seems to have awaked a self-determination sentiment among the Slavs of Dalmatia. With the region split between Italian Catholics and Slavic Orthodox, this group feels unrepresented by the status quo, and some are even advocating for the establishment of a Republic of Dalmatia, separate from Venice. How will you handle these treasonous sentiments, keeping in mind the Catholic population does not wish to secede?

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont:

-You dodged the tax issue for a few months due to the Plague, but it has returned with the dissipation of that disease. How will you respond to growing calls for taxes on the nobles and clergy?

-Barbary pirates have targeted several Sardinian vessels recently, wreaking havoc on trade and transportation between Sardinia and your continental holdings. Prisoners have been taken and goods have been seized. How will you respond to this outrage? Some argue for a formal complaint in Istanbul, while the most zealous will not rule out military action.

-With your lack of response in Parma, an organized group in the city is now refusing to pay taxes, not flying the royal standard, and allowing the harassment of local garrisons. Needless to say, the situation has gotten worse. There is a faction openly professing a desire to reestablish the rule of the Bourbons, something even more embarrassing considering your recent alliance with them in the Catholic League. Will you crack down on the Parmese, or at very least increase the size of local garrisons? Or are the people harmless so long as their resistance is not yet violent?

[Spamage]

Kingdom of Portugal:

-Your daughter Maria was furious about the expulsion of the Jesuits, openly complaining about the "sacrilegious" measure. Your wife reportedly agrees. Pombal has suggested confining the Princess, lest she further undermine your rule. Others at Court share the sentiments of the Princess, so isolating her could backfire. How will you deal with dissent in the Royal Family itself?

-Mysore, your protectorate in India, was alarmed by the French attack on the Maratha Confederacy. While they may not appreciate the Maratha's expansionist attitude, they are more concerned about outright absorption into a French India. They call on Portugal, as their protector, to take actions to moderate France's attitude in this region. With Portugal's long-time influence in India under serious threat for the first time since Vasco de Gama arrived in the 1500's, what will you do?

-Some in Lisbon see Africa as the place to reestablish Portugal as a great power. While you have small outposts in Mozambique and Angola they are just that, small. With the Dutch in the Cape Colony, and now the Prussians in Namibia, some believe you should actively expand Portuguese holdings in these African areas by warring with the natives. Others see it as too expensive, though following your expulsion of the Jesuits, perhaps there is money to spend. What will you do about Africa?

Kingdom of Spain:

-The creation of the Catholic League was praised in Spain, with many applauding increased ties to France and Sardinia-Piedmont. Even so, you are in a unique position in regards to foreign policy. Your daughter is the Queen of Britain, wife of George III, and mother to the Prince of Wales. You share blood with the King of France. Your wife is the daughter of the former King of Poland, whose realm has taken up arms against Europe. Even now, some are wondering if you will expand your dynastic ties further, perhaps through royal marriages with the other great powers. With so many options, what path will Spain take during these uncertain times?

-Portugal has issued no response to your demands concerning the Jesuits, causing outrage among their supporters and conservatives in Spain. They demand you give that government an ultimatum, going as far to suggest an embargo if you are not obeyed. Others suggest diffusing the situation by sending the Portuguese Jesuits to your colonies in order to establish Spanish missions in South America and convert the natives. How will you solve the Jesuit crisis with Portugal refusing to work with you?

-You have taken the throne at a time of great reform in Europe. Louis XV, Frederick II, and Joseph II have all undertaken policies aimed at improving the lives of their subjects, modernizing governance, and making the beaurocracy far more efficient. Some are calling for this same change to come to Spain. They believe the Inquisition should be abolished, taxation reformed, and the King's right to rule without questioned strengthened. Will you undertake reform? Or perhaps it's better to leave the situation as-is in order to maintain stability?

Ottoman Empire:

-The rebellious Moldovans have been aided by the Poles, expanding into Wallachia and causing panic in Ottoman Europe. With their declaration of the "Alliance of the Free Peoples", many in Istanbul are openly worried about potential Bulgarian, Greek, or Serbian risings. This doesn't even consider the actions of the Wallachians, who may be inclined to join their Moldovan brethren. Some urge a crack-down on potential nationalists in your cities, while others fear that too harsh actions could lead to the revolts you seek to prevent. How will you deal with the unease in Europe?

-It has been noted by many that the Barbary States have been particularly inattentive to Ottoman demands. Their assaults on Venetian trade despite orders otherwise were certainly embarrassing. Some believe you should renounce their vassalage, with them only using it as a shield against responses to their piracy, while others argue you should reassert government control. Still a third group is content with the status quo, believing the problem to be best addressed once fighting in Europe is over.

-The Cossacks have arose in Ukraine, damaging Polish, Russian, and Crimean territories. Your vassal, the Khan of Crimea, is urging you to send an army to aid his men. He fears the enemy may soon overrun the remaining territory outside of the Crimean Peninsula, with most of it consisting of empty grassland. Others at Court are urging you to focus on the Polish threat instead, arguing that European territory must be prioritized over that of the distant Crimean Khanate. Will you send the Khan aid or focus on keeping your own lands stable?

Armies & ‬Locations
Kingdom of Prussia
121,030 ‬Army of the East
74,448 ‬Army of the West
2,000 Army of Africa
4,750 Army of the Cape
14,000 ‬men garrisoned
(Can raise 2,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of France
50,000 ‬Army of France
60,520 ‬Army of East India
63,806 ‬Army of West India
5,000 ‬Army of Quebec
10,000 ‬Army of India
1,000 Army of Louisville
40,000 ‬men garrisoned
(‬40,000 ‬Spanish Volunteers Included in Armies of India)
(‬Can raise ‬79,500 ‬more)

Kingdom of Great Britain
13,308 ‬Army of Ireland
18,325 ‬Continental Army (‬in England)
8,000 ‬Army of Britain
36,616 ‬Army & ‬Garrison of the ‬13 ‬Colonies
8,436 ‬Army of New York
8,789 ‬Army of Ohio
5,800 ‬Army & ‬Garrison of Australia
(‬Can raise ‬12,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of Sweden
98,174 ‬Army of Sweden
9,100 Army of Riga
12,000 ‬men garrisoned
(‬23,000 ‬Danish Volunteers in army of Sweden)
(‬Can raise ‬10,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland
9,900 ‬Army of Denmark-Norway
(‬23,000 ‬in Danish Volunteers in army of Sweden)
(‬Can raise ‬32,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
25,390 ‬men raised and mobile
8,000 ‬men garrisoned
(‬Can raise ‬12,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of Spain
10,000 ‬men raised and mobile
25,000 ‬Army of Naples
25,000 ‬men garrisoned
15,000 ‬Army & ‬Garrison of New Spain
10,000 ‬Army & ‬Garrison of South America
2,000 ‬Army & ‬Garrison of the Philippines
(‬40,000 ‬Men in French India)
(‬can raise ‬47,000 ‬more)
 
Russian Empire:
166,300 ‬Army of Siberia
115,676 ‬Army of North Russia
(‬can raise ‬7,000 ‬more)

Archduchy of Austria
50,000 ‬Army of Austria
52,000 Army of Russia
(‬can raise ‬110,700 ‬more)

Ottoman Empire
25,534 ‬Army of the Danube
87,337 Army of Moldova
20,000 ‬Army of Istanbul
35,000 ‬men garrisoned
7,300 ‬Swiss Mercenaries
(‬can raise ‬27,000 ‬more)

Republic of Venice
12,000 ‬men raised and mobile
(‬can raise ‬20,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of Portugal
20,000 ‬men raised and mobile
10,000 ‬men garrisoned
6,850 ‬Army of Brazil
(‬Can raise ‬22,000 ‬more)

United Provinces of the Netherlands
72,540 ‬Army of the Netherlands
2,000 ‬men Army & ‬Garrison of Dutch East Indies
(‬can raise ‬5,000 ‬more)

Free Republic of Poland-Lithuania
93,717 Army of Poznan
30,000 Army of the North
35,000 Army of the South
10,000 Patriot Guard
(20,000 men garrisoned)
(can raise ? more)

Navies of the World
Kingdom of Great Britain
175 ‬Ships of the Line
124 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of France
107 ‬Ships of the Line
56 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Spain
57 ‬Ships of the Line
33 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Portugal
32 ‬Ships of the Line
20 ‬Frigates

Russian Empire
24 ‬Ships of the Line
3 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway
22 ‬Ships of the Line
18 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Sweden
23 ‬Ships of the Line
10 ‬Frigates

Ottoman Empire
18 ‬Ships of the Line
8 ‬Frigates

Republic of Venice
11 ‬Ships of the Line
21 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Prussia
6 ‬Ships of the Line
5 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Portugal
32 ‬Ships of the Line
20 ‬Frigates

United Provinces of the Netherlands
57 ‬Ships of the Line
43 ‬Frigates

[Spamage]

Treaty of the Hague! Dutch Make Peace with Prussia!

With the war clearly lost, the Dutch Republicans offered Prussia peace. In exchange for the ceding of the Cape Colony and the return of William V to the Stadtholdership, the Staats General would retain some power, with the Prince of Orange being raised under the guidance of the Staats General. Prussia accepted and the agreement was finalized at the Hague.

Jacob Gilles resigned as Grand Pensioner after signing the treaty, returning to retirement. Other Republicans have been quickly jostling for the important title of Grand Pensioner. Meanwhile, Prussia now has freed up its forces in the west, undoubtedly an important move considering the Polish gains in the east.

In the United Provinces the move is seen as a compromise between the Orangists and the Republicans. While William V rules once more, the power of the Staats General was reconfirmed and Marie Louise is now only the Dowager Princess of Orange, not regent. A new question looms though. Will the United Provinces ever be able to recover their former glory following two consecutive defeats, the annexation of the southern provinces by France, and now the loss of the Cape Colony? It is deemed by many to be unlikely. Dutch days as a great power are no more...

Zand Dynasty Attacks Durrani!
Ahmad Shah Durrani Declares War on France!

Chaos has erupted in northeastern India. The Zand Dynasty, concluding an alliance with France following a failure to expand against the Ottomans, has attacked Durrani. Ahmad Shah, outraged by the treachery and obvious collusion between France and Persia, responded by declaring war against both powers. The Durrani possess ferocious warriors, having previously shown their success in the last days of the Mughal Empire. The French now are at war against two native powers in India, though they've gained an ally. How the region, as well as the thousands of French Muslim subjects, will respond to the Durrani assault remains to be seen. Though in the initial border crossing, several hundred Persian cavalry have been slaughtered, causing some worried officials to worry about the new conflict.

[Spamage]

World Military Update
July-December 1760

Summary: It was Denmark against the world. Sweden, Russia, and the members of the Catholic League conducted covert diplomacy to end the war in Russia and start a new one against the Danes. Thousands of Danes in Swedish service either fled or were captured. Russian and Swedish ships have shelled and captured Copenhagen, with Frederick V apprehended in the chaos. Meanwhile, in perhaps the biggest provacation since the War of the Grand Coalitions, Russia has sent men to aid the Poles against the Prussians. While thousands of soldiers deserted due to lack of pay, it halted the Prussian advance into Poland. Sweden has slipped as well, despite gains in Norway, with the Caps and Hats forming a coalition to overthrow Adolf Frederick and his erratic foreign policy and the Finns (aided by the escaped Danish soldiers) declaring their independence. In the Far East, Persia has been utterly humiliated at the hands of the Durrani, with fierce fighting in India as well. Europe sits on the verge of utter chaos.

War of the Two Republics

Free Republic of Poland-Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Russian Empire, Finnish Republicans
v.
Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Prussia, German League, Kingdom of Sweden, Ottoman Empire

Battle of Orbiniki: Stalemate (numbers were literally equal, never seen that before now)

The Prussians under Frederick II and his co-commanders were determined to make the Poles pay for the assault on East Prussia. Deliberate campaigning began, with the Republican Poles pushed back in several small skirmishes. This situation changed rapidly however, with the arrival of thousands of Russians, eager to revenge Prussian meddling in Russian internal affairs. Due to the influx of Catherine's men, despite desertions, the Poles and Prussians had roughly even forces. The massive armies met at the Battle of Orbiniki in northern Poland. Fighting was brutal, cannons were deployed, and cavalry were used to great effect. Tens of thousands lay dead on both sides, with some calling those few hours some of the finest military maneuvering and strategy in history. Frederick II has held his modest gains in Poland, though the battle was ultimately a stalemate. Russia's intervention has had one effect though, the members of the German League have all joined the war on Prussia's side, horrified about the decision of Catherine to side with the Republicans. They are promising to equip another army to augment Frederick's forces while the Poles debate more radical recruitment efforts.

Siege of Konigsberg: Stalemate

The Polish forces, even with the arrival of Russian allies, were unable to capture the city, due in part to the arrival of 25,000 Hessian mercenaries by sea. With Russia against Prussia now though, some fear the city's access to the sea could be imperiled.

Battle of Estonia: Decisive Swedish Victory

Withdrawing from Riga, the Swedish forces were easily able to capture the Polish-held territory of Estonia. The area was largely ungarrisoned, with locals having little loyalty to the goverment in far-off Warsaw. Though the Swedes have been successful here, there was concerning new to the north.

Finnish Risings: Major Rebel Victory

Aided by the thousands of angry Danish fugitives, growing feelings of nationalism, and anger over diplomacy from Stockholm, the Finnish Republicans saw their moment and seized it. With word of Swedish fighting in Norway reaching them, assuring the rebels the main armies were busy, thousands of Finns have revolted, declaring a republic. Though no centralized government currently exists, and they are quite small in number compared to the main Swedish armies, the Finnish nationalists remain optomistic they will be able to win the war.

Battle of Wallachia: Stalemate

Both the Ottomans and Moldovian-Polish forces were confident gains could be made against the enemy. A series of battles in that territory however, only served to confirm that the two sides were evenly matched. The Revolution has not spread to Ottoman Europe, while the Republicans likewise show no signs of weakness in the lands they already hold. Time will only tell which side will get to shape the future of this important region.

Cossack Rebellion: Decisive Russian-Austrian Victory

Catherine and her Austrian allies were determined to end the insurection of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, especially following the loss of Kiev. A massive joint national force assaulted the Cossacks, scattering them following a quick battle. With the Austrians marching home, both Russian and Polish territory has been restored to its owners. The Crimeans likewise have made gains, though some believe they will allow the Cossacks to survive for the time being as a buffer against Poland itself.

Danish and Indian War

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland, Riksdag Rebels, Maratha Confederacy, Durrani Empire
v.
Kingdom of France, Kingdom of Spain, Kingdom of Sweden, Russian Empire, Zand Dynasty

Chaos of the Swedish Camp: Major Swedish Victory

Choosing to withdraw from Russia, and attack the Danes again, Adolf Frederick of Sweden ordered that the Danes in his army be captured by the much larger Swedish contingent. While on paper this move largely seemed foolproof, reality was far less forgiving. Though thousands of Danes were captured, many Swedes allow their friends and comrades from the battles against Russia to escape. Roughly 12,000 men were capured, the remaining 11,000 fleeing into the countryside due to the aid of friendly soldiers. They would become the core of the Finnish rebel army.

Battle of Trondheim: Major Swedish Victory

The Danish garrisons and locals were stunned when thousands of Swedish soldiers began to swarm into their towns and cities once more, especially as war had not even been declared. This chaos, and a lack of able-bodied men due to Frederick V's agreement with Sweden, meant that there was little ability to resist. Trondheim's morale collapsed, the city quickly surrendering to the occupying army.

Invasion of Christiana: Decisive Swedish Victory

Similar to up north, the Swedes caught the locals off-guard with their sudden arrival and invasion. Even so, there was a greater stomach among the common people to resist than in Trondheim. Thousands of Norwegians stood alongside the meager Danish army facing off against enemy forces more than triple their size. While their resistance was brave, it was also futile. Christiana's defenses collapsed, with the tattered remains of the resistance fleeing west towards the mountains along the Norwegian coast. Norway appears open for the taking.

Gothenburg Riksdag Rebellion: Major Rebel Victory

Infuriated by Adolf Frederick's peace with Russia, as well as his attempts to weaken the Riksdag, the Hats had had enough. Recognizing the sheer emergency Sweden faced, they quietly met with representatives of the Polish government and agreed to form an emergency alliance with the exiled Caps against the King. The Cap-Hat forces have led an uprising in Sweden itself, demanding the abdication of King Adolf Frederick, the creation of a constitutional monarchy, and peace. Unlike in Finland, the rebels here are more numerous, posing a real threat to the Crown. Common people are frustrated of the swinging back and forth of Swedish diplomatic policy between Denmark and Russia. Unless actions are taken, the King's control over his own people could be at risk as some have taken to branding him a scoundrel for his diplomatic behind-the-scenes dealings.

Invasion of Copenhagen: Decisive Russian/Swedish Victory

Even with Russia's intervention against Prussia, that did not stop them from cooperating with the Swedes against the Danes. The two realm's navies joined in on shelling the Danish capitol, with the existing Danish fleet being forced to flee due to being outnumbered. Thousands of Danish civilians died in those horrible hours. Fire spread throughout the capitol, with morale imploding. The situation got even worse however, when the Russian ships began to unload armies of men in the city's harbor, soldiers who had not forgotten the loss of St. Petersburg. Copenhagen collapsed amid Russian pillaging, with King Frederick captured in the chaos. His wife, the Queen, has fled to Great Britain with her step-children and son, imploring George III to honor his alliance and intervene on behalf of his nephew, young Prince Christian.

[Spamage]

Petrine War: Slight Pauline Victory

Peter III's forces were demoralized by the loss of their Swedish allies, but the situation got even worse when the would-be Tsar was murdered by agents, many suspecting the Swedes. The morale of his men hit rock-bottom, with widespread desertions and a largely leaderless army. Even so, a group of lieutenants, attempting to rally the men out of a hatred for Catherine, assembled enough men to do battle with the sizeable Russian force sent to face them. Though they put up a decent showing, the former Petrine forces lost the field. The shattered remains of the once-powerful faction are now hiding out in remote parts of Siberia, essentially in the areas where the Paulines have not yet reasserted control.

Battle of Kabul: Decisive Durrani Victory

Rather than assault French holdings in India initially, the leaders of the Durrani agreed to defeat the Persians first. Aided by the arrival of weapons from Europe, superior morale, and a formidable reputation, the Durrani crushed the Persian forces sent to face them. Though many Persian soldiers remained in the west, to guard against the Ottomans and Georgians, the defeat has been highly demoralizing. Thousands of square miles in Afghanistan have come under their control as the newly-established Zand Dyansty has been shook by the loss.

War in East India: Stalemate

The French did not launch a major offensive, with the Maratha instead brutally attacking in the hopes of expelling the French, especially after news of the Durrani declaration of war reached India. In a brutal campaign, neither side has been able to consolidate control of the region, the chief victims being the civilians. French soldiers have made modest gainst as guerilla fighting means this control is far more fragile than it seems.

War in West India: Slight French Victory

Unlike in the east, in the west the French were able to make larger gains. Danish India was completely occupied, many ambivalent as the territory was already French before the war. The arrival of several thousand more Spanish allies gave the French additional morale to push into the Maratha Confederacy. That Empire seems highly unstable, though still determined to resist the foreign invasion.

War in North India: Stalemate

French attempts to gain against the Durrani have been initially unsucessful, in part due to the influx of Indian Muslims to fight against their colonial oppressors. Still, the fighting was early and many expect the war to continue for quite some time, so perhaps one of the two powers will eventually be able to break the tie in the area.

[Spamage]

News
July-December 1760

DANISH ANARCHY!
GOVERNMENT COLLAPSES FOLLOWING LOSS OF COPENHAGEN!

Danish subjects were shocked by the sudden change in fortune. The concerted effort by the French, Swedes, Spanish, and Russians has brought their realm to its knees in a matter of months. Norway is almost lost, thousands of soldiers were captured by the Swedes, and the King sits in Russian custody. The humiliation has caused the Queen to flee with the royal heirs to Britain, while Adam Gottlob Moltke (the King's favorite and primary advisor) has declared a Regency Council in Norway, raising more men and determining to fight on unless reasonable terms can be offered.

The loss is made even more complete by the capture of the newly established Danish India by French forces. For the time being it seems Danish ambitions in the Far East have been checked. Many are questioning if the realm will ever be able to recover following such a stunning and humiliating defeat. Others are determined to fight to the last man, even if it means the government has to flee to Iceland or Greenland before others come to their aid.

Reaction among the other European powers has been mixed. Many in Britain are outraged by Swedish treachery, supporting efforts be made to save the Danish Crown. This sentiment is boosted by the fact that the heir, Prince Christian, is the nephew of George III. The Dutch have likewise condemned the move, with the Staats General launching a formal protest against the French and Swedes, frustrating attempts by the French to increase their influence in the Hague. Meanwhile many Swedes have been shocked by the flip-flopping of their regime. This has led to the simultaneous risings in both Finland and Sweden itself. 

TERROR ON THE MEDITERRANEAN! BARBARY PIRATES UNLEASED!

With the Ottoman Empire renouncing overlordship, many Barbary pirates felt as though they had been liberated. Istanbul no longer serving as a moderating influence, assaults have begun all throughout the Mediterranean Sea against Venetians, Sardinians, French, Ottoman, Spanish, and Austrian vessels. Attempts to divert trade from the Cape Colony to Egypt have failed, with pirates making transportation far more dangerous and uncertain. Several thousand Sicilians were even captured in a series of coastal raids and led off into slavery, much to the anger of local officials, who have called on the Bourbons to take action.

The Pirates demand ransoms be paid by the various realms. Should any government give them an annual tribute, they promise to cease raiding that nation's trade. There is great unease all throughout the region, though it appears the pirates have profited handsomely since Ottoman control has been withdrawn.

Prussian Spies Caught in Austria! Some Executed!

Emperor Joseph made a concerted effort to expel Prussian spies from his realm, especially following the long string of successful murders that have been carried out by Frederick II. Assembling a group of trusted officials, orderly attempts were made to root out those with Prussian sympathies or under the pay of that realm. More than two dozen men were apprehended, some of them Austrian subjects. The officials, upon collecting confessions, have apparently resorted to using torture to extract further information. Those spies who were subjects of the Habsburg Crown have been hanged as traitors, while around 20 Prussians remain imprisoned in Vienna, their fate to be determined by the Emperor.

The raids were apparently successful, with some in Berlin noting the furious countenances of some officials associated with Frederick's spy network. Austria seems to have gone a long way in preventing espionage by Prussia, the first realm to do so. How Frederick will respond to the imprisonment of his subjects, who many believe to be innocent Prussians, will be quite important in determining how the situation unfolds.

RUSSIAN REPRESSION!
Catherine Brutally Restores Serfdom, Seizes Church Wealth

Following the collapse of Peter III's control over Russia, as well as the murder of the would-be Tsar himself, Catherine set about restoring order in the most brutal way possible. Serfs who had escaped their lands during the chaos of the War of the Three Tsars have been beaten and returned to their original owners. Peter's former soldiers captured have likewise been reenslaved, the government in St. Petersburg stressing the economic need for the serfs to get back to work. The result has been universal misery, with some comitting suicide rather than be subjected to a life of such tedium and horror.

Meanwhile, needing to pay her vast armies and the country too ruined for tax income to be sufficient, the regent has seized vast amounts of wealth from the Orthodox Church. Gold has been melted down and reforged into coin, given to the greedy soldiers. While this has allowed her to keep Paul's forces in tact, serving as a key aid in the Russian assault on Copenhagen, most clergy are outraged. Those who supported her months ago are questioning their decision, though there is likely little that can be done to oppose her following the stunning victories of the Pauline men.

Poland, a nation founded on the idea of freeing the serfs, was reportedly outraged by Catherine's moves, but recoginized also that her aid is necessary for the time being if order is going to be maintained. Other parts of Europe have uniformly condemned her actions, Voltaire ceasing to exchange correspondance with her out of protest.

Imperial Deadlock: Diet Divided About Condemning Austrian-Polish Cooperation

The Imperial Diet achieved little the past few months, with an intense debate over the actions of Emperor Joseph arising. Some Princes, such as the Palatine, Ostfriesland, and Baden have condemned the cooperation between the Austrians and the Poles. They even proposed official motions to censure the Emperor for dealing with those who would destroy the order of classes that has prevailed in Europe for centuries. Austrian loyalists, such as Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt have countered and issued spirited defenses of the Emperor's perogative. The numerous smaller principalities have been divided on the issue, with neither side achieving a majority due to the demands by a group of neutral Princes and Bishops for a middle course to be steered.

Some suspect the meddling of a foreign power in the intense opposition to the Emperor's moves, with the divisiveness causing many to question if the new diet will be any more effective than those during the days before the secession of Prussia and the German League. Valuable time to debate and enact Imperial Reform has been wasted on petty and personal bickering between delegates, something that has smashed former unity among the one-time members of the Imperial League.

Japan Issues Ultimatum Via Dutch Traders to France

The government of Japan, firmly in favor of maintaining its isolationist policy, has nevertheless felt obligated to communicate via Dutch and Portuguese traders that is is furious with the "far off realm of the French". The attempt to establish a colony to their north has many Japanese officials outraged, even threatening a military assault if the small settlement is not abandoned. They maintain that the land is firmly within their sphere of control and if France does not withdraw, their ships will be attacked on sight as violators of Sakoku. This rare outside communique will likely be the only warning issued to the colonizers.

British Settlers Arrive in Ohio Valley, Native Cause Appears Near Failure

With war continuing in North America, many British settlers have determined that they will not sit and wait for the land in the Ohio Valley to be cleared, but will settle it themselves. Several hundred of these people have begun to live along the Ohio River, christening their new colony "Luisaland" in honor of the Queen. While the colony of Virginia claims this land as its own, issuing a protest to London, many more are reportedly preparing to join the small band of colonists in the valuable territory. The natives are not entirely gone however, and these people could be at risk if proper protection is not provided by the British government.

Riots in Prague, Incendiary Pamphlets Spread Throughout City!

The nationalism exploding in Finland, Poland, Moldova, and other areas was finally felt in Austria, though deft management of the situation has prevented the unrest from becoming a full-blown rebellion. Despite attempts to clamp down on opposition press sources, including by attempting to purchase presses, foreign agents reportedly spread incediary propaganda in Prague and Pest. Though there was little response in Hungary, attempts by the papers in Prague to highlight a long history of oppression by the Austrians struck too close to home. In a series of riots upset subjects attacked tax offices, harassed local officials, and burned down several government buildings. The use of the Austrian military, as well as Joseph's announcements of reform, took the wind out of the riot's sails. Peace has returned to Prague, with the buildings now being repaired, but some wonder if it was too close of a call. Whatever the case, it seems Joseph's decision to follow through with his promises for reform is what ultimately stabilized the situation and caused royalists to rally to his cause.

[Spamage]

The Concert of Europe

January 1761

Nations, ‬Leaders, & ‬Players:
Russian Empire- ‬Regent Catherine Romanov (‬Henry Wallace)
Kingdom of France- ‬King Louis XV Bourbon (‬Windjammer)
Kingdom of Prussia‬- ‬King Fredrick II Hohenzollern (‬Lumine)
Archduchy of Austria‬- ‬Emperor Joseph II Habsburg (‬Dereich)
Kingdom of Great Britain- ‬King George III of Hanover (‬DKrol)
Kingdom of Spain- ‬King Charles III Bourbon (‬LouisvilleThunder)
Ottoman Empire-‬ Sultan Mustafa III Osmanoğlu (Averroes)
Kingdom of Sweden- ‬King Adolf Frederick (‬YPestis25)
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont- ‬King Charles Emmanuel III Savoy (‬TimTurner)
Republic of Venice- ‬Doge Francesco Loredan (‬GOTfan)
Kingdom of Portugal- ‬King Joseph I Braganza (‬Mike88)[‬/center]

Economic Standings:
Kingdom of Spain- ‬Strong
Kingdom of Great Britain- ‬Strong
Kingdom of Prussia- ‬Moderate
Republic of Venice- ‬Moderate
Archduchy of Austria- ‬Moderate
Kingdom of France- ‬Moderate
Kingdom of Portugal- Moderate
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont-Moderate
Ottoman Empire- ‬Moderate
Kingdom of Sweden- ‬Weak
Russian Empire- ‬Weak


Popularity:
Louis XV of France- ‬Very High
Francesco Loredan of Venice- ‬High
Joseph II of Austria- ‬High
Charles III of Spain- ‬High
Mustafa III of Ottoman Empire- ‬High
Frederick II of Prussia- ‬High
Charles Emmanuel III- Moderate
Catherine of Russia, ‬Regent- ‬Moderate
Joseph I of Portugal- ‬Moderate
Adolf Frederick of Sweden- ‬Moderate
George III of Great Britain- ‬Moderate

Ongoing Conflicts:
War of the Two Republics: ‬Kingdom of Prussia, ‬Kingdom of Great Britain, ‬Ottoman Empire, ‬Kingdom of Sweden v. ‬Free Republic of Poland-Lithuania, ‬Republic of Moldova
Danish and Indian War: ‬Kingdom of France, Kingdom of Spain, Kingdom of Sweden, Persian Empire v. Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland, ‬Maratha Confederacy, Durrani Empire
Great American Indian War: Kingdom of Great Britain v. Cherokee, Wabnaki, Creek, Obijwe, Cree

Russian Empire:

-You have entered war on the side of Poland, a move which has caused great surprise throughout Europe. Russian soldiers were crucial in holding the republican line during the past few months, much to the consternation of the Prussians. What are your plans for the future? Some see focusing on Konigsberg as a wise solution, while others believe a full-on push towards Berlin could be more effective.

-You and Sweden are in an odd situation. Technically you are on opposing sides, yet also in the same alliance. You have worked together against the Danes while simultaneously taking opposite sides on the Polish question. How will you resolve this disconnect? Some are eager for you to assault Finland with the republican rising there, others believe that peace with Sweden is more practical, especially following the years for feuding between your two realms. Will you establish a formal peace with the Swedes or seek to capitalize on their disorder?

-With Peter III dead, his armies in retreat, and Ivan VI rotting away in the ground many have come forward offering to proclaim you Empress. They believe you have shown yourself a capable leader and deserve a reward for your bold command during such chaotic times. Many support the move, with Catherine I serving as precedent enough. Will you take this final step, potentially sealing your legitimacy, or will you abstain and protect the interests of young Paul?

Archduchy of Austria:

-You have signed an alliance with Venice to take out the Barbary States, a move praised throughout the whole of your realm. Ambitious nationalists are already spitting out the propaganda that has served to distract your people from their domestic woes. How will you prosecute your war against the pirates now that Austria is back in the field?

-Poland is willing to conduct negotiations for trade, military cooperation, and diplomacy for the first time since the National Assembly has taken power. Ambassadors have arrived in Vienna, eager to commence talks, though the representatives of some Imperial Princes are demanding you expel them. Certainly Prussia and the Ottomans would be angered if you conducted diplomacy with such a rogue state, though others see it as a rare opportunity. What will you do?

-The Imperial Diet has descended into bickering and disputes over minor matters such as precedence and disputes over Austrian cooperation with Poland. Efforts to reform the system have stalled, many suspecting either Prussian, French, or British intervention against your policy. While Bavaria is now firmly in your camp thanks to your marriage to their princess, Baden and the Palatine are growing disloyal. Will you push through another set of reforms, perhaps reaffirming the right of the Emperor to the taxes of some members, or let the matter rest until it appears safe to operate again?

Kingdom of France:

-War in India continues, with many believing France is on the verge of victory against the Maratha. To the north though, concerning news has arrived from Persia, with that front on the verge of collapse and the Durrani victorious. Outside of that theater there are also other matters to consider, namely the Japanese proclamation. How will France navigate the unstable situation in Asia?

-The Barbary States have terrorized French trade for the past few months, leaving the Mediterranean Sea a dangerous place. Already unstable due to events in South Africa, many merchants are hurting due to the further disruptions. Some in Versailles are urging you to pay the pirates their requested ransom, reminding you that it is far cheaper than conducting a military operation. Others believe the Austrians and Venetians in their efforts to contain the vile criminals. What will you do?

-The Estates General are shocked by the developments in Eastern Europe, though very few question the decision to fight against Denmark, viewing it as a matter of national pride. Members are now primarily concerned with taking as much of a gain from the Danes as possible, though this could mean a continued conflict as Moltke leads the regency in resistance and the potential for British involvement. How will you address their demands for French gains while juggling a European conflict alongside several allies?

Kingdom of Great Britain:

-There was near universal shock and outrage in Britain over the decision of France, Sweden, and others to assault Denmark, the realm of your former brother-in-law. The Danes have been a consistent British ally since early in the War of the Grand Coalitions, and many of the exiles (including the Queen and young Prince Christian) are demanding Britain honor its commitments and join the fight, perhaps to help them recapture Norway or Copenhagen. Certainly the British public would support this move, especially following the successful restoration of one of your other nephews, William V. Others believe Britain should step in as a mediator, while third group sees your realm as too distracted with matters in the Americas and Australia to worry about continental drama. How will you respond to the attack against Denmark?

-With the establishment of Luisaland, a new issue has arisen. First, there is the question of whether or not you should recognize a colony that was unilaterally declared, without the consent of the Crown. Secondly, some settlers, primarily Virginians, desire to bring slaves with them and establish a plantation economy, viewing the move as profitable and a much more rapid way to establish order. Others, mainly the poorer inhabitants, see government encouragement of slavery in the new colony as giving these elites an unfair advantage. How will you proceed?

-Britain has technically been a part of the War of the Two Republics since the attack on the Netherlands, but little action has been taken since the fall of the Gilles government. While you technically thus remain at war with Poland, some in London believe it is time to declare peace, viewing operations in East Europe as too unfeasible and expensive for the Crown to take. Others demand British ships aid in leveling the Polish coastline and full-on army landings occur. Will you offer a truce to the Poles, remain in the war without actively participating, or even go on the offensive?

[Spamage]

Kingdom of Prussia:

-Russia has outrageously aided the Free Republic of Poland, preventing the success of your operations in the region. Many advisors are now wary about the size of the enemy force, for the first time debating whether Brandenburg, Pomerania, and Silesia are under threat. With your continuous military operations for the past few years, as well as constant recruitment drives, the raising of the Landwehr, and purchase of mercenaries, there are few more troops to be raised for the time being. How will you keep the fight up against the Poles? Or perhaps it is time to negotiate with them?

-Denmark, your ally, has been attacked. Whatever the military situation, there are some allies who desire that you actively protect the interest of the Danes, especially considering that it was the Russians, your new enemies, who captured Frederick V and Copenhagen. Moltke has come forward with an interesting proposal (see PM) though others are calling on you to ignore Swedish and Russian decision-making and focus on Poland instead. What will you do about the attack of a fellow Protestant monarch by enemies of your realm?

-Many new Prussian settlers have begun to arise en masse to the Cape Colony, especially some who fled East Prussia and the Polish advance. The existing Dutch settlers, meanwhile, have shown little desire to leave. Some of the new Prussian Africans desire the Dutch be forcibly returned to the United Provinces whether they desire it or not, though others see advantages in cooperation. Also, natives have shown a surprising lack of respect to Prussians attempting to establish local connections, even being met with hostilities in some cases. Will you punish the locals or allow their behavior to stand, even if it means a slight to Prussian honor?

Kingdom of Sweden:

-Chaos in Sweden! Your unpredictable foreign policy has caused quite a bit of trouble for your realm, your majesty. The Cap-Hat alliance has arisen in Sweden itself, perhaps the largest threat you currently face. They’ve attracted the support of a broad coalition, including those who were involved in the land transfers, retired soldiers, farmers, and merchants. There are likewise many nobles who are sympathetic to the movement, believing power could be seized during a regency for your son. Finland too has descended into a crisis, though one caused by nationalism rather than internal politics. Will you withdraw your forces from Norway to deal with these crises or allow them to play out while you cement your power in a third realm?

-Your victories against the Danes have been astounding, much of Norway falling into line. Some discontent stemmed from Frederick V’s punishment of your former allies, but most credit the wins due to the sheer amount of shock about the return of the Swedes. Moltke has publicly stated he is willing to deal with you in order to reach a fair solution to the conflict, though he has also raised what remains of the Danish forces, willing to fight on. With the unrest in Sweden he may see a chance to evict you from your recent gains. Will you deal with the Danes?

-With many Riksdag leaders going over to the Cap-Hat alliance, perhaps it is finally time to abolish that troublesome body once and for all. With the Caps and Hats away, the Royalist Party holds a substantial majority and will vote as you please. Others believe the body is a useful fiction, even if it is only a rubber stamp for royal decisions. What say you?

Republic of Venice:

-The assembly has voted overwhelmingly to attack the Barbary States after years of provocations and piracy. The final tally was around 132 to 18. With your government authorized to use force, what are your plans? How will you handle the troublesome Beys of Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli? Furthermore, how will you ensure Venetian trade is not permanently damaged in the process?

- With Venice on the offensive, some are beginning to look further afield for trade opportunities and areas where your Republic can regain its once dominant position as a wealthy power. Representatives are urging you to sign deals with the major powers in the New World and Africa (Prussia, Britain, France, and Spain) to allow Venetian vessels to trade at their ports and even establish outposts in some cases. These adventures would be profitable, with access to new goods being easily achieved, but the rich Empires may not be so willing to cooperate. How will you restore Venice to trading greatness?

-Your quick repression of Dissent in Illyria has had consequences, mainly forcing the groups underground. Local officials talk of meetings in Slavic-held areas, though they’ve been unable to gather information about what is being discussed. Presumably resistance or secession are the topics. Will you station men in the area or perhaps deescalate the tense situation by leaving the status quo situation in place?

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont:

-The Assembly has pushed forwards and passed higher taxes on the nobles and clergy without your consent, frustrated about consistent delay on the matter. This is the first time they’ve openly defied your authority and guiding hand, perhaps setting a dangerous precedent. Nobles are demanding that you veto the move, keeping their estates untaxed, though others believe this could ratchet up tensions. What will you do about such defiance?

-Your soldiers have invaded Parma, capturing the city after intense local resistance. This action, while restoring order, has caused the condemnation of various neighboring states. In particular Pope Benedict XV was enraged about the crushing of the Parmese, who had privately appealed to him for mediation. He demands you do some form of penance, perhaps returning his right to appoint bishops in your lands or paying the Church a donative. Your subjects generally seem to agree with him. Will you listen to Papal demands and repent from your actions in Parma or push forward undeterred, ignoring any papal objections?

-The Barbary reign of terror on the seas has affected your communication with Sardinia. Trade vessels have been seized, subjects captured, and unease spread. Some in Turin believe you should just pay the ransom in order to stop the aggression, while others desire a full-blown military campaign alongside Venice and Austria. What will you do?

Kingdom of Portugal:

-Your daughter Maria was furious about the expulsion of the Jesuits, openly complaining about the "sacrilegious" measure. Your wife reportedly agrees. Pombal has suggested confining the Princess, lest she further undermine your rule. Others at Court share the sentiments of the Princess, so isolating her could backfire. How will you deal with dissent in the Royal Family itself?

-Mysore, your protectorate in India, was alarmed by the French attack on the Maratha Confederacy. While they may not appreciate the Maratha's expansionist attitude, they are more concerned about outright absorption into a French India. They call on Portugal, as their protector, to take actions to moderate France's attitude in this region. With Portugal's long-time influence in India under serious threat for the first time since Vasco de Gama arrived in the 1500's, what will you do?

-Some in Lisbon see Africa as the place to reestablish Portugal as a great power. While you have small outposts in Mozambique and Angola they are just that, small. With the Dutch in the Cape Colony, and now the Prussians in Namibia, some believe you should actively expand Portuguese holdings in these African areas by warring with the natives. Others see it as too expensive, though following your expulsion of the Jesuits, perhaps there is money to spend. What will you do about Africa?

[Spamage]

Kingdom of Spain:

-Your far-off colony has reported some unrest. In the Philippines, Spanish colonists on Mindanao are urging for your local forces to seize the rest of the island in the name of Spain, upset over raids from the unconquered lands. While you do have soldiers in the region, others believe that conciliation and negotiation would be more effective ways to handle the tensions on the island. What strategy will you pursue in the area, recognizing that this land is vital for Spanish trade in Asia?

-With the Barbary raids, there is a large feeling of outrage in Naples, especially among the people of Sicily. They feel neglected, with the central government having allowed for your son’s subjects to be seized and sold into slavery. This has only further inflated the anger of those who desire Neapolitan home rule and resent your son’s absence. Perhaps a show of force against the pirates would satisfy their demands? Or you could invest in Sicily? There also is the option of paying the pirates an annual ransom and being done with the matter.

- You have joined the war against Denmark and sent more men to India, though some in Madrid question what Spain will receive from this war. There is a faction at Court who sees it as an expensive debacle solely for the benefit of the French and Swedes. How will you assuage their worries? What actions, if any, will Spain take against what is left of Denmark? Perhaps their colonies in the Caribbean would be good targets for Spanish expansion?

Ottoman Empire:

-The war continues! The Crimean Khanate remains able to fight, though the situation along the Danube is looking more and more desperate. While your lenient and conciliatory policy in the Balkans has prevented an immediate explosion, the fact remains that both Moldova and Wallachia are lost for the time being to radical republicans. How will your prosecute the war? What orders will you send to your armies?

-As soon as you withdrew your overlordship in the Barbary States, the situation unravelled. It now appears a Venetian-Austrian force will assault your fellow Muslims, with many in Istanbul horrified about the prospect of a colonized North Africa. Papers openly worry that it will be Tunis first, Alexandria second, and Istanbul third. Some subjects demand you step in to mediate the dispute, perhaps even restarting war with Austria if it goes that far. Others state that the war against Poland is too important, what do you think?

-King Solomon of Georgia, your ally, desires to assault Persia, asking your government for permission before he takes the first step. He points to the invasion of the Durrani to the east as a sign that the Zand Dynasty may not be as stable as it appears. He desires greater control over the Caucuses and desperately wants to seize the initiative, though he assures your government that he will not call your forces in unless Persians invade Georgia itself. Will you acquiesce? Or should Georgia learn its place and do nothing?


Armies & ‬Locations
Kingdom of Prussia
90,000 ‬Royal Army North
88,320 ‬Royal Army South
20,000 Army of Konigsberg
7,000 Army of the Cape
16,000 ‬men garrisoned
(Can raise 0 ‬more)

Kingdom of France
35,000 ‬Army of France
62,020 ‬Army of East India
64,106 ‬Army of West India
5,000 ‬Army of Quebec
49,000 ‬Army of India
1,000 Army of Louisville
40,000 ‬men garrisoned
(‬53,000 ‬Spanish Volunteers Included in Armies of India)
(‬Can raise ‬79,500 ‬more)

Kingdom of Great Britain
13,308 ‬Army of Ireland
18,325 ‬Continental Army (‬in England)
8,000 ‬Army of Britain
36,616 ‬Army & ‬Garrison of the ‬13 ‬Colonies
8,136 ‬Army of New York
8,389 ‬Army of Ohio
5,800 ‬Army & ‬Garrison of Australia
(‬Can raise ‬13,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of Sweden
38,087 ‬Army of Trondheim
37,002 Army of Christiana
16,100 Army of Riga
3,000 Army of Finland
12,000 ‬men garrisoned
(‬Can raise 2,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland
26,400 ‬Army of Norway
(‬Can raise ‬0 ‬more)

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
25,390 ‬men raised and mobile
8,000 ‬men garrisoned
(‬Can raise ‬14,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of Spain
10,000 ‬men raised and mobile
25,000 ‬Army of Naples
25,000 ‬men garrisoned
15,000 ‬Army & ‬Garrison of New Spain
10,000 ‬Army & ‬Garrison of South America
2,000 ‬Army & ‬Garrison of the Philippines
(‬53,000 ‬Men in French India)
(‬can raise ‬32,000 ‬more)
 
Russian Empire:
96,300 ‬Army of Poland
48,000 Army of Copenhagen
54,000 ‬Army of North Russia
55,200 Army of Kiev
(‬can raise ‬7,000 ‬more)

Archduchy of Austria
50,000 ‬Army of Austria
52,000 Army of Russia
(‬can raise ‬111,700 ‬more)

Ottoman Empire
107,837 Army of the Danube
20,000 ‬Army of Istanbul
35,000 ‬men garrisoned
7,300 ‬Swiss Mercenaries
(‬can raise ‬28,000 ‬more)

Republic of Venice
12,000 ‬men raised and mobile
(‬can raise ‬22,000 ‬more)

Kingdom of Portugal
20,000 ‬men raised and mobile
10,000 ‬men garrisoned
6,850 ‬Army of Brazil
(‬Can raise ‬23,000 ‬more)

Free Republic of Poland-Lithuania
89,717 Army of Poznan
30,000 Army of the North
32,000 Army of the South
20,000 Patriot Guard
(20,000 men garrisoned)
(can raise ? more)

Navies of the World
Kingdom of Great Britain
175 ‬Ships of the Line
124 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of France
107 ‬Ships of the Line
56 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Spain
57 ‬Ships of the Line
33 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Portugal
32 ‬Ships of the Line
20 ‬Frigates

Russian Empire
24 ‬Ships of the Line
3 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Sweden
23 ‬Ships of the Line
10 ‬Frigates

Ottoman Empire
18 ‬Ships of the Line
8 ‬Frigates

Republic of Venice
11 ‬Ships of the Line
21 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Prussia
6 ‬Ships of the Line
5 ‬Frigates

Kingdom of Portugal
32 ‬Ships of the Line
20 ‬Frigates

[Spamage]

Collapse of the Danish Colonial Empire

With the severe losses in Norway, Moltke and his allies in government determined that the main war would be in Europe. This left Danish India, Iceland, and the Virgin Islands open to assault. With India rapidly falling to French assault, there remained some hope that the other regions would be left alone. This has not been the case.

The Kingdom of Spain, sensing an opportunity, has launched a series of crippling and successful invasions of the remaining Danish colonies. Holdings in the Caribbean surrendered with little fight, but the largest suprise occurred to the north. Spanish vessels appeared in both Iceland and Greenland, stunning the local populace and forcing them into a rapid surrender. Greenland has become totally Spanish-held, much to the shock of the locals, with most of Iceland likewise falling to Spanish arms. In an embarrassing scene, for the first few days in Reykjavik the Spanish conquerors were unable to communicate with their new Icelandic subjects, due to lack of a translator. This serves to underscore the tremendous differences between the Spanish, Catholic occupiers and the Icelandic, Protestant people.

Many commentators remark that the loss of Iceland in particular is a severe defeat for the Danes, who now lack total control over any of Frederick V's three alleged titles.

CRISIS ON WURTTEMBURG BORDER!
SKIRMISH BETWEEN DUCAL AND NEIGHBORING FORCES FOLLOWING SMUGGLING OF GOODS!

Many had thought the tension in southern Germany was abating following the agreement by the Empire to tax goods leaving Wurttemburg in exchange for the restoration of trade. And so it was. Yet, there were many in Stuttgart who resented the high tariffs, seeking ways to escape paying high prices for their goods. The result was the formation of smuggling rings, both to ship goods in and out of the principality. Late at night carriages of goods would be shipped around checkpoints, rushing either towards France or north to Prussia. Though the Duke was unaware of these practices, evidence shows most of his ministers tacitly backed them.

This situation failed however, when a group of soldiers in Baden accidentally stumbled upon one of these smuggled shipments. The traders opened fire before rapidly fleeing, but were unable to escape their enemies. All the men were killed, with it soon becoming clear what they were up to. This skirting of the Imperial Tariffs has provoked outrage in region, with many ambassadors in the Diet furious. The Duke of Wurttemburg maintains his innocence, but has countered by discussing the "unfair" rates he is being charged. Most hope the conflict can be resolved peaceably, but with members of both sides appealing to Berlin and Vienna, the situation appears uncertain. Can the Prussians and Austrians cooperate, either by lowering tariffs or punishing Wurttemburg, or will the region be caught up in the larger European storm?

KAZAKHS ATTACK SIBERIA!

Frederick II was furious following Russian intervention in Poland, and sought to counter it by attracting more enemies of Catherine and Paul. Paid off by Prussian gold, and eager to seize the opportunity, the Middle Kazakhs have launched assaults into recently recaptured Russian Siberia, disrupting communications and terrorizing locals. Ablai Khan sensed the possibilities with Russia distracted and hopes to reassert the dominance of his people in Central Asia. Russia must now contend with a new enemy, this time to its south. Thus far several hundred subjects have been killed, with border raiding turning into the potential off a full-fledged invasion.

The other two groups of Kazakhs have remained neutral for the time being, but could be won over by the appearance of success from their brethren.

[Spamage]

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x Catherine, Regent for Emperor Paul

xAdolf Fredrick, King of Sweden

The National Assembly of Poland has likewise ratified the Treaty.