Concert of Europe: Gameplay Thread

[Spamage]

News

Habsburgs Captured by the Prussians! MARIA THERESA MURDERED?!

Following the suprise Prussian attack on Vienna and the subsequent fall of the city, the Royal Family was determined to flee to Hungary, where they held a wide base of support. Despite this, Prussian Cavalry units caught up to the Royal Convoy, slaughtering the guards and encircling the carriages. Their progress had been slowed by the sheer number of children Maria Theresa was trying to save.

Upon capture, the Empress acted haughtily, refusing to surrender. She shouted for her children to remember their origins and to never betray their rights as members of the most prestigious house of Europe. While she seemed to have been secured, hours later she collapsed, foaming at the mouth. Clearly she had ingested some sort of poison. Her children, as well as her Prussian jailors, watched with horror as the last true Habsburg passed away. With her death Austria has lost their most decisive leaders.

Naturally many have blamed the Prussians for the sudden death, specifically Frederick II (due to his long-term rivalry with her). The Prussians argue that she likely commited suicide, too proud to bend the knee. Regardless, with her son and heir Joseph in Prussian custody (being whisked north with his siblings) the Austrian war effort seems to have been dealt a fatal blow. Military commanders are refusing to take any offensive actions unless the Royal Family is returned to them, fearing for the safety of their leaders.

ELIZABETH OF RUSSIA STABBED TO DEATH!

In a move to placate the angry peasants, and unite the nation in the face of rebellion, Empress Elizabeth prepared to take actions in favor of her less fortunate subjects. Intending to give them land, Elizabeth held an official ceremony to announce the new moves. Her proclamations were met with widespread applause, before the audience was suddenly witness to a horrific murder.

One peasants stormed to the Empress, many thinking him overly grateful, before pulling out a knife and stabbing her several times. Elizabeth fell back, covered in her own blood as the assassin was dragged away. Surviving for several hours, and moved to her royal apartments, the Empress was admant that Grand Duke Paul be her sucessor, with Catherine as regent. She expired hours later, mourned widely by those who knew her.

Catherine, seizing the regency, ordered the murdered tortured. After hours of brutal treatment, he gave the name of the man who had paid him off. This man too was aprehended in St. Petersburg and after several days, gave up the name of a Prussian spy who had given him gold in order to arrange a conspiracy to kill the Empress. Monarchs everywhere are outraged by the atrocity committed by the Prussians.

War of the Three Tsars Erupts in Russia

News of Elizabeth's death, and the hasty coronation of the infant Paul, brought a wave of chaos to the Empire. In far off Siberia, aided by foreign agents, Paul's supposed father Grand Duke Peter proclaimed himself Peter III, denouncing Paul as a bastard and Catherine as a whore. Many reformists and "new men" have rallied to his side, with vast swathes of the empty Siberian lands lending their support. Peter has tried to cultivate an image similar to that of his grandfather, Peter the Great, and his support may be much larger than it seems.

The Cossacks likewise celebrated the death of Elizabeth, blaming Catherine herself for the murder. Coupled with their territorial gains, their numbers also make them a key player in the brewing civil war. Their support of Ivan VI, the second would-be Tsar remains unshakeable.

Catherine, meanwhile, has enjoyed the backing of the Orthodox Church, the traditionalists, and the military. All see her as a source of stability and a true Russian. Despite the fact she was born in Germany, the regent (unlike her husband) embraced the Russian language and Orthodox religion.

Russia has been thrown into domestic troubles by the murder of Elizabeth and the liberation of Peter. It remains to be seen how the Empire will respond to the brewing storm. Some are already christening the new period as the dawn of a Second Time of Troubles. Whether or not ths is true will soon be determined.

Street Fighting in Warsaw between nobles and peasants

With the institution of the constituational monarchy in Poland following the Father's War, questions and disputes are already arising over the new system. With the Sejm's power having been increased, there are still many in Poland-Lithuania who feel left out of power, particularly the vast mobs of peasants who were crucial in the overthrow of Augustus III. The proclamations of liberty pronounced at the Second Union of Lublin and the coronation of Alexander II have only further emboldened them. The common people, riled up by newspapermen, have begun to demand that the Sejm be reformed into a bicameral legislature, with the citizens having the ability to vote on membership to the lower house. The nobles, content with the level of reform just achieved, have pushed back and demand that the new order be protected.

Tensions in Warsaw have grown over the past few months, with street fighting erupting between the two factions in several locations. More than a dozen peasants and artisans were murdered in the capitol by Sejmist gangs, organized specifically to repress rebellion. Alexander II attempted to calm the situation, but realized how limited his power was when the Sejm refused to crack down on the killers. Thus, though the peasants are appealing to "Good King Alexander", there has been little he can do to stop the Sejm's decision to keep a large portion of the nation disenfranchised. It is likely this strife will only further develop in the unstable new government with the most radical peasants calling for the heads of the leaders of the Sejm.

Queen Louisa Ulrika Flees Sweden

With her husband seeking to stop her scheming, and her new home at war with her old, Louisa Ulrika resolved to escape her unhappy situation. When word reached her that Adolf Frederick would put her under house arrest should she not cease to undermine his rule, she disguised herself as a servant and fled across the Baltic. Rather than go join her brother in Prussia, she instead maintained she is a neutral party in the fight between her husband and family and moved to Oldenburg instead. Louisa Ulrika has denounced her husband's system of constitutional monarchy as an "unnatural monster" though has not publicly placed blame on her husband, instead on those advising him. While Adolf Frederick was saddened, and his children miss their mother, some argue the situation was for the best.  

[Spamage]

The Concert of Europe

January 1758

Nations, Leaders, & Players:
Russian Empire- Empress Elizabeth Petrovna (Henry Wallace)
Kingdom of France- King Louis XV Bourbon (Windjammer)
Kingdom of Prussia- King Fredrick II Hohenzollern (Lumine)
Archduchy of Austria- Emperor-Regent Francis (Dereich)
Kingdom of Great Britain- King George II of Hanover (DKrol)
Kingdom of Spain- King Ferdinand VI Bourbon (CMB222)
Ottoman Empire- Sultan Mustafa III Osmanoğlu (Kalwejt)
Kingdom of Sweden- Adolf Frederick (YPestis25)

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont- Charles Emmanuel III Savoy (TimTurner)

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway- Frederick V Oldenburg (Kingpoleon)
Republic of Venice- Doge Francesco Loredan (GOTfan)

Economic Standings:
Kingdom of Prussia- Very Strong
Kingdom of Great Britain- Strong
Kingdom of Spain- Strong
Kingdom of Portugal- Strong
Kingdom of France- Moderate
Kingdom of Denmark-Norway- Moderate
Sardinia-Piedmont-Moderate
Republic of Venice- Moderate
Kingdom of Sweden- Moderate
Ottoman Empire- Moderate
Russian Empire- Weak
Archduchy of Austria- Weak

Ongoing Conflicts:
-War of the Grand Coalitions: Kingdom of France, Empire of Russia, Archduchy of Austria, Kingdom of Sweden (and others) v. Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Prussia, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Portugal, Kingdom of Denmark-Norway (and others)

Russian Empire:

-Catherine, Russia is facing its most dire times. Elizabeth’s sudden death has only serve to further divide the polarized society, leaving you alone in St. Petersburg to stop the chaos. While you are regent for your son, there are many suggesting that crowning yourself as co-ruler would be a more effective policy, stabilizing your position and allowing for your authority to be unquestioned. There is precedent for women joining their family on the Throne, look no further than Peter I and Catherine, but never has a mother served alongside her infant son. Will you crown youself or show restraint, even if it means facing challenges to your regency?

-Peter, your husband, has proclaimed himself Tsar in Siberia, claimed a divorce, and called Paul a bastard. Yet, with his limited numbers and distant location, some are arguing you should crush the Cossacks before dealing with him. Others believe that he should be caught while he is weak. Which rebels will you fight first?

-With the Civil War, it is almost universally accepted in St. Petersburg that the Russian Army along the Danube should be withdrawn immediately. While this would give you access to thousands more soldiers, it would also mean leaving Hungary open to Ottoman rapine and pillaging, strengthening the Empire against which your people have struggled for more than a century and leaving Austria vulnerable to further collapse. What will your military policy be?

Archduchy of Austria:

-Emperor-Regent Francis, your children have been captured and your wife is dead. Austria is in a state of utter confusion and panic over the loss of Vienna, Prussian victories in Bohemia, and attempts by the Ottomans to cross into Hungary. Many generals demand peace be established as soon as possible, or at very least your children be returned. They state they will not obey any offensive plans without a good deal of convincing. How will you solve this pressing issue?

-While you were officially elected Holy Roman Emperor, the title came by virtue of your marriage to Maria Theresa. She was always far more active than you in governing the vast provinces of her domain as well as with Imperial affairs. There are some who suggest that you resign the title of Emperor and give it to your son once he has been rescued, in order to ensure the scepter remains in Habsburg hands after your death. Others point out that this could mean damaging your influence for very little short-term gain. What will you do about your imperial title?

-Your regency is in very unstable ground, Francis. Though you lived with your wife in Vienna, there are many Austrians who see you as foreign, or at very least as an “outsider”. Regardless of the merit of these claims, any misstep could lead to attempts to unseat you as regent, even if you were to remain as the Holy Roman Emperor. Naturally, would not be ideal (dividing your son’s inheritance between separate administrators). Should those plotting against you be dismissed, even though Austria is in such dire straits? Or perhaps their scheming should be endured until the situation is stabilized?

Kingdom of France:

-You managed to badly maul the Prussian Army in Central Europe, though some in Paris fear the attack came too late. They demand the French Army return to the homeland, which remains under-defended due to the recent expedition. Furthermore, with Austria clearly looking to now exit the war, leaving your men in their territory could strain your recent feelings of goodwill. Some urge for a campaign into Bohemia, others for the seizure of Hanover, still a third faction wants Bavaria to be liberated. Whatever the case, King Louis, you possess one of the largest forces on the Continent and have a lot of options. How will the war be won?

-Without New Orleans your men in North America will soon face a shortage of supplies and be cut off from news and commands from your government. Perhaps evicting the Portuguese would be beneficial, though other officials suggest a concerted push north back up the Ohio Valley towards Quebec would be a more efficient use of your soldiers. Maybe some native allies could be won in the region to help bolster your ranks?

-The events in Poland have not occurred in a vacuum and there is growing desire in France among some to weaken your divine right to rule unchallenged. The talk about holding a session of the Estates General before the war only further encouraged these treasonous ideas. Some are calling for you to openly assert royal authority, crushing those who would challenge your rule with repression and persecution. This could include calling off the postwar Estates General. Others argue a lighter touch is necessary and could prove to be more effective in the long-run. What will you order?

 

Kingdom of Great Britain:

-The Emancipation of Catholics in Britain has been hailed by subjects at home and observers abroad. The early embers of another Jacobite rising in Scotland have been thoroughly put out and stability has been achieved in Great Britain proper. Some newly enfranchised Catholics are now urging this toleration be extended throughout the entire colonial empire. They point to the colonies in North America, in particular, as locations where reformed religious groups in the north and Anglican colonies in the south persecute and forbid the settlement of Catholics. Pushing this idea forward is risky however, as the entrenched majority of Protestants in these areas could turn against you, something that would be disastrous under current circumstances. Will you expand Catholic toleration?

-Several ambassadors have arrived in London, reportedly from “James III of Ireland”, with an offer of a peace agreement. Reportedly, James Stuart is willing to surrender his claims to the remainder of the British Kingdoms if your government withdraws from Ireland and recognizes him as King. It would create peace and allow you to focus on the Continent, but at a heavy price. Some courtiers are suggesting you should have the traitors who approached with the offer hanged as a sign of your commitment to fight the usurper, though this would undoubtedly be the most brutal action. What is to be done?

-The French may have presented you with a once-in-a-war opportunity, leaving most of their Kingdom much more lightly guarded than usual with their large expedition to Austria. Some in London have been quite persistent an expedition should be undertaken to cripple the Kingdom, even if the gains would be minimal. These officers desire the same harsh treatment that befell Ireland to be turned against France, with squads crippling the countryside, looting the cities, and causing all-out misery. Others argue this would only serve to enrage the French people, thus prolonging the War. What will your Continental Policy be?

[Spamage]

Kingdom of Spain:

-The Spanish public is increasingly calling for you to enter the war, before it is too late to gain any spoils from it. The French victories in the Netherlands and Austria have caused the conservatives in Madrid to urge you to join your Catholic brethen, while the more reformist-minded courtiers see Portugal and Britain as ideal allies. Regardless, both sides agree if Spain waits too long, they could be left behind by the victorious coalition following the war. How will you respond to these demands?

-The Catholic Church has always had a strong grip over power in Spain, but some of your advisors see the Enlightenment ideas sweeping Europe as an opportunity. They believe you should bring the Spanish Church to heel by taxing it, removing clergy from government offices, and reducing the power of the Inquisition. Others believe this will only serve to provoke conservatives and the relaitionship should remain as it is. What are your orders?

-Ricardo Wall, the Irishman who is one of your chief ministers, is sympathetic to his people. He has been repeatedly urging Spain to send supplies or soldiers to free Ireland from Britain. At very least he requests that your government attempt to negotiate a peace between the Irish Jacobites and the government of Britain, perhaps establishing an independent Ireland. Others see this as breaking your friendly agreements with London. What will be done?

Kingdom of Prussia:

-King Frederick, the situation in Europe hangs on the edge of a knife. While you managed to deeply wound the Austrian war effort (seeing the death of your rival and capturing the royal family in the process) the arrival of the French reversed all of your gains in Austria, save Vienna. Despite this, you do control most of Bohemia. How will the war be continued?

-Peter III, the would-be Tsar, has sent agents to Berlin to talk with you. He expresses open admiration for your victories in Europe, reminding you he has long backed your efforts to strengthen Prussia, but is dismayed by your recognition of Ivan VI. He requests you reimprison the pretender to his throne, offering to join your side in the War should he win the War of the Three Tsars as recompense. Peter also requests the daughter of a Prussian noble be betrothed to him, in order to further cement the proposed agreement. While allying with Peter could make sense (in some ways he’d be even more of a puppet than Ivan VI due to his incompetence), the move would be highly divisive. What will your policy be on Russia?

-Naturally, holding the Habsburg children is a huge advantage for you. Some crafty advisors have further designs planned for them other than just ransoming them. They request that you either have Joseph crowned Holy Roman Emperor over his father or perhaps have the young Habsburg decree an end to the institution, freeing your Kingdom in the future. Others suggest forcing the children to convert to Protestantism in order to further create uncertainty over their future. These moves would undoubtedly throw Germany further into crisis, but with the long-term benefit of damaging the legitimacy of the Empire. What will you do with the Habsburgs?

Ottoman Empire:

-The casualties in the Battle of Croatia were atrocious, Sultan, though there is some consolation in the fact that the Austrians have been forced from their Capitol. Regardless, decisions must be made about the future of the war. The loss of so many soldiers has some in Istanbul clamoring for peace, while others see opportunities with the recent Prussian success. How will you address the unease among some of your subjects?

-The Khan of Crimea, your loyal vassal, has enjoyed great success against the Russians over the last few months. They’ve been expelled from his lands and he has even seized some of their territory. These victories have cost him men however, and he requests reenforcement be sent in order for the offensive to be continued. Will you send him the men, perhaps backing expeditions further northward, or should they be stationed elsewhere?

-There is an uneasy peace in the Caucus Mountains with the Kingdom of Imereti, though one that threatens to break if the issue is not addressed. King Solomon has begun a policy of aggressive expansion, stabilizing his realm and seeking to reunite the Kingdom of Georgia. This move would harm Ottoman influence in the region and leave an Orthodox Christian enemy near the heart of the Empire in Anatolia. Some are urging you to issue a preemptive strike in order to prevent any attempts to undermine your control, while others believe an attempt at friendship should be made, even if it means relinquishing some degree of power in the area. Regardless, the Georgians would be far more likely to ally the Russians in the future, something that must be remembered no matter which choice you make.

Kingdom of Sweden:

-While the flight of your queen was embarrassing, it has been notable that the Caps have proven more willing to cooperate in her absence. There are reports circling that she was working with the Hats behind your back. Regardless, the land reform movement’s pace has been tempered a bit, though it continues. Some Caps, as well as some Royalists, demand you launch a full investigation of your wife’s actions as well as prosecute any Hats who may have been working with her. What will you do?

-Capturing parts of Trøndelag gives  Sweden its first North Sea port in many years. Regardless, much of Norway remains in Danish hands following the two stalemates and the fighting there continues. Your clever ideas during the most recent battle were praised, but some are wondering whether they can be used again. What is to be done in Norway.?

-A group of Norwegian nobles have approached you with an offer, though one that may not be in Sweden's best interest. They are offering to join you in the fight against the Danes if you have your second son, Charles, named King instead of directly annexing the region. While this would expand your family's control, it would also mean Sweden would gain little direct economic benefit from Denmark. Will you take them up on their offer, or continue to fight in order to annex the Kingdom?

[Spamage]

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway:

-Christiana now seems quite secure, King Frederick, and some are urging you to evict the Swedes from their newly captured territories further north. This region is much more mountanous however, and much harder to supply. Others among your general staff suggest leaving the Swedes be in their northern territory and launching an offensive into Sweden itself instead. This, of course, would leave the recaptured territory in Norway at risk of falling again. How will you prosecute the war?

-There are some in the distant territory of Iceland who have begun to recently clamor for more home-rule, especially in light of the Crown being distracted by events in Norway. These Icelanders, while stressing their loyalty to you, demand that the Kingdom of Iceland be declared, with its own institutions but you remaining as King. Some urge you to accept, in order to keep these subjects happy, while others are demanding you reject these pleas, seeing  them as a dangerous precedent. What will you do about the matter of Icelandic home rule?

-Some of the Prussian soldiers you've had fight in Norway have become highly demoralized, seeing little point in their fighting so far to the north of their homeland. While they still generally obey orders, their quality has suffered in recent months, especially with the onset of winter. Some suggest writing to Frederick II of Prussia in order to recieve new troops, or at very least get orders commanding the ones already abroad to remain loyal. What will you do?

Republic of Venice:

-Your creation of an assembly for the common people has been very well received in the Republic. It appears to have satisfied those demanding reform without alienating those who cling to their old privileges. Even so, another domestic matter has come to the forefront. Your position is no longer as powerful as the glory days of Enrico Dandolo and other great Doges in the past. Many actions have been limited through the course of time, something your closest advisors are urging you to change. They demand you hire mercenaries and use the established military to evict those who would challenge you and reestablish your title’s executive supremacy. They point to the benefits of such a move, but also ignore the risks (which include a coup against you by these same rival nobles). What actions will be taken?

-With your declaration of a league of armed neutrality, several minor powers have already approached you and requested membership. The Dutch, wary of their trade routes after making peace, have requested joining. Baden, Liege, and the Palatine all also desire the security that would come from such a group. Will you accept their offers and, if so, are their other powers that should be welcomed into the league?

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont:

-Welcome Charles Emmanuel III, King of Sardinia and leader of one of the oldest royal houses in Europe. You find your Kingdom at a crossroads, involved in the War of the Grand Coalitions on the side of the French and Austrians, your Kingdom has taken little action in the fighting so far. Though your men are less numerous than larger powers, the House of Savoy has a rich military history to look back on. How will you follow in the footsteps of your forefathers?

-Your father was originally the King of Sicily, being given the Kingdom of Sardinia only as a consolation prize after other powers objected. Sardinia is much poorer and less developed than your continental lands and many are urging you to take steps to improve the situation. This could involve active investment in the island, resettlement, and the undertaking administrative reforms. Some worry pushing too hard, too fast could result in locals being reminded how little they have in common with you, though. What will your policy be regarding the island of Sardinia?

-Some commanders are requesting state funds go to repairing and refurbishing forts throughout your territory. Even though you do not share a border with any current enemy, they argue it should be undertaken out of an abundance of caution. These moves would be highly expensive though, and could be quite a drag on the economy in the long run (with upkeep). Will you expand your Kingdom’s defenses, or spend your money on more immediate, pressing issues?

Armies & Locations

Kingdom of Prussia
84,153 Royal Army
57,240 Army of Silesia-Saxony
6,500 Army of Norway
20,000 men garrisoned
(Can raise 15,000 more)

Kingdom of France
185,938 Army of the Netherlands
32,000 Army of France
8,640 Army of Quebec
15,411 Army Louisiana + Ohio
4,140 Army of India
(Can raise 10,000 more)

Kingdom of Great Britain
36,480 Army of Ireland North
14,573 Army of Ireland South (in Wales)
16,000 Army of Britain
35,000 Army of Hanover
15,000 Army & Garrison of the 13 Colonies
10,604 Army of Quebec
11,578 Army of Ohio
6,584 Army & Garrison of India
(Can raise 17,000 more)

Kingdom of Sweden
30,632 1st Army of Norway
39,240 2nd Army of Norway
10,000 men garrisoned
(Can raise 5,000 more)

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway
62,837 Army of Norway
(Can raise 5,000 more)

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
32,000 men raised and mobile
8,000 men garrisoned
(Can raise 10,000 more)

Kingdom of Spain
60,000 men raised and mobile
25,000 men garrisoned
15,000 Army & Garrison of New Spain
10,000 Army & Garrison of South America
2,000 Army & Garrison of the Philippines
(can raise 30,000 more)

Russian Empire
108,263 1st Army
93,240 2nd Army
40,000 men garrisoned
(can raise 5,000 more)

Archduchy of Austria
138,521 Army of Croatia
30,490 Army of the Danube
(can raise 15,000 more)

Ottoman Empire
86,450 Army of the Danube
60,000 Army of Istanbul
35,000 men garrisoned
(can raise 20,000 more)

Republic of Venice
12,000 men raised and mobile
(can raise 20,000 more)


Navies of the World
Kingdom of Great Britain
170 Ships of the Line
123 Frigates

Kingdom of France
107 Ships of the Line
51 Frigates

Kingdom of Spain
57 Ships of the Line
28 Frigates

Kingdom of Portugal
32 Ships of the Line
20 Frigates

Russian Empire
31 Ships of the Line
5 Frigates

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway
22 Ships of the Line
18 Frigates

Kingdom of Sweden
23 Ships of the Line
11 Frigates

Ottoman Empire
18 Ships of the Line
8 Frigates

Republic of Venice
10 Ships of the Line
21 Frigates

[Spamage]

Treaty of Coimbra: Portugal Leaves War in Exchange for French Colonies

While they remained a largely comitted member of the British-led alliance, the Portuguese were given an offer by the French for peace that was too good not to accept. In a stunning move, King Louis XV announced that France would agree to cede Saint Domingue, French Guiana, and part of French India to the Portuguese Crown in return for peace, a pact of non-agression, and future trade between the two nations. Most remarkable is how much land Portugal gained for so few casualties, causing the popularity of King Joseph I to greatly increase. Less than 1,000 Portuguese were killed in the war, compared to tens of thousands of Austrians, French, Prussians, and Russians.

The reaction in Paris was far more mixed. Many wealthy subjects, who owned profitable plantations in the highly valuable colony of Saint-Domingue, were enraged. These include nobles and members of the upper middle class. Economic damage may occur in France, with one key support of the trans-Atlantic trade network now lost. Furthermore, some see French prestige as highly damaged, the King giving away so much land to a power they hardly fought. It remains to be seen how this situation will develop further.

Reactions from Portugal's former allies are likewise forthcoming.

The Birth of the German League, Bavaria Reenters the War

The French crossing into Austria caused paranoia, outrage, and fear to spread among the small states of the Holy Roman Empire. Never before had their longtime foe marched so deep into their lands, with some being reminded of the Thirty Years War from a century ago. Frederick II of Prussia capitalized on this situation, and the captivity of the Habsburg youth, by declaring the "German League". In essence, these small states would form an alliance against the foreign armies moving through their lands and agree to economic and political cooperation in the future, all of this conducted outside of the existing Imperial System.

Prussia was naturally joined by its existing German allies (Oldenburg, Mecklenburg, Hesse-Kassel, Brunswick) but also several others, eager to join in this beneficial agreement. Maximilian III Joseph, the Duke of Bavaria, signed the pact and joined the League. He was released from Prussian confinement following negotiating favorable terms for his people. Bavaria would not be punished for its fighting against Prussia, but in fact rewarded. The Duke had himself crowned King Maximilian I of Bavaria in Munich, demanding other European powers recognize his right to the throne. He followed his move up by rejoining the war on the side of Prussia, preparing forces to join in the fighting. Ansbach and the Palatine were also lured by Prussian succors to join the fighting.

Whether the Empire and the German League are mutually exclusive remains to be seen, though undoubtedly this move has shook Germany to its foundations. Some hope the League will ensure peace in Germany proper, though others fear retribution from enemy soldiers. Will the League grow further? Only time will tell.

Land for Sale! Genoa offers Corsica to the highest bidder

Following the declaration of the Corsican people of their own republic, Genoa has been forced to fight an intense war for control of the Island. Much of the inland areas are dominated by Pasquale Paoli and his allies, though the Genoese control the sea coast and cities. The fighting has been expensive however, and the Republic of Genoa has announced to Europe that it is willing to sell the rights to the the Island to any power interested in purchasing it. Any interested power should contact Genoa (me, via PM) with an offer. Rights will be sent to the highest bidder.

[Spamage]

"March Revolution!" Peasants Storm Sejm in Warsaw; King Alexander Proclaims Universal Male Suffrage!

Tensions in Poland, a society greatly destablised by the chaos of the last few years, reached a breaking-point yet again. Infuriated about the murder of activists by noble thugs, common people continued to voice their frustration with the system. The Sejm, governed by the nobles, responded in kind. Publications spouting pro-democratic views were shut down as the freedom of speech was revoked. This move, taken by the nobles to stop dissent, had the effect of forcing it underground. Secret pamphlets were spread throughout the city, firing up and radicalizing some of the populace. It was all a matter of time before this scene erupted.

The specific incident was the arrest of a series of pamphlets writers in Warsaw itself on March 3rd. Fearful of being the next to be tried and arrested, the leaders of the movement panicked, calling on the people to free the prisoners. On the morning of March 4th shouts of "Remember the Martyrs of '57" could be heard from some of the workers who filled the streets. This, of course, was in reference to the deaths of citizens at the hands of gangs of nobles the previous year. The Sejm, which was in session, sought to counter the situation, nobles ordering their gangs to beat the people into submission. This failed spectacularly, ending with many of their henchmen hanging from second floor windows throughout the city. The mansions of the elite were then ransacked by the mobs.

The military was then sent for, with soldiers facing off against their countrymen. They soon succumbed to the calls of their friends, neighbors, and family, adamantly refusing orders to fire into the crowd. The officers, knowing full well what this meant, either joined their men with the mob or fled the city. The Sejm was thus under siege, surrounded by their angry opponents. The miniscule Guard on the premises and the personal guards of some of the nobles were all that kept the building from being ripped down.

Alexander II, who had spent the whole day watching the events with alarm, decided to take advantage of the sudden opportunity. Rather than back the Sejm, which many saw as elitist, he decided to support the revolt in an attempt to gain some increased royal authority. In a statement released in the evening of March 4th, he unilaterally and illegally declared universal suffrage for his male subjects, calling for elections to be held in June. While this was well received by the crowd, the nobles in the Sejm held firm. They denounced Alexander as a traitor in a series of statements as night fell, the situation showing no signs of abating.

Eventually, the most radical of the rebels took action. One man, unidentified, noticed the increasing darkness of the night and shouted, "I believe it is far too dark now, so we must make our own light!", before lighting a torch and throwing it at the assembly building (Wilanów Palace). He was followed by hundreds of his radical colleagues, who attempted to bar the doors and threw more flares at the building. The nobles inside panicked as the fire spread, many escaping the building out an unbarred exit in the back. Others remained. "It is better do die a free noble than to be ruled by a peasant mob," proclaimed Franciszek Salezy Potocki, who remained in the inferno. Ultimately, when the flames died down, the radical Poles had torn down the old Sejm, proclaiming a new one. Alexander II, while denouncing the fire in private, publicly assembled wealthy merchants, lawyers, clergymen, and even a few token representatives of the workers to join him in drafting a new agreement.

It remains to be seen how the rest of Europe will respond, through throughout Poland there has been great concern. Yet, for the time being, it seems most Polish-Lithuanian subjects are willing to accept the changes, not wanting another civil war so soon.

POPE BENEDICT XIV FOUND DEAD!

After a long tenure leading the faithful, Benedict XIV was found dead in his chambers on the morning of May 11th. The cause of death was not immediately apparent (some citing stress over the situation in Austria as worsening his condition) but, at the age of 83, many were not particularly surprised. It did not stop rumor-mongers from placing their blame at Frederick of Prussia however, due to his supposed involvement in the murder of other sovereigns. Whatever the case, after a reign of more than 18 years, Benedict leaves the Church divided. While he was roundly praised by the leaders of France and Austria for his active backing of their cause, as well as that of James Stuart, there were other Catholics in neutral realms who viewed his moves as damaging to the Church, denouncing his views as “over-the-top”.

The Cardinals have begun to assemble for the Conclave, with many looking homewards for instructions. The French, Spanish, Austrian, delegations in particular could be crucial in outvoting the Italians, who largely desire the Papacy to take a less political role and reaffirm the power of the Pope to appoint his own bishops. Clearly the future of the Church, at least for the next few years, will depend on the election of the new pontiff. Clergy must weigh carefully who is right for the role, especially in light of the situations in Catholic lands such as Poland and Habsburg realms.

Peter III Proclaims Freedom of Religion, Mercy for Serfs

Despite often being banded inept, and even crazy, Peter III sought to prove his critics wrong. In a move that surprised many, he announced that, should he win, his subjects would be granted freedom of worship. Though partially due to his own Lutheran leanings, the move also served to rally the oft-abused communities of Orthodox Old Believers behind the grandson of Peter the Great. His activity did not stop there however, the would-be Tsar legislating profusely. He also, following the example of his idol Frederick II, proclaimed mercy for the thousands of serfs in Russia. While not outright proclaiming Emancipation, he decreed any that would rise and fight for his cause would be granted freedom. In another more perceived as generous he announced that the murder of the serfs would be punished as a crime in his reign, should he be so lucky as to rule in St. Petersburg.

These actions have forced the clergy and nobles further into the camp of Catherine, though the middle and lower classes are looking at Peter III with sudden optimism. His forces are growing daily, with new arrivals assembling on the west side of the Ural Mountains. Thousands of estates are reporting young men who have disappeared, with other nobles facing outright arson and subversion on their own properties (barns burning, gold stolen, stores raided, guards killed, etc.). The War of the Three Tsars continues to explode across the Empire.

Prussia Purshases Corsica, An Empty Buy?

Frederick of Prussia was the only European leader to take up Genoa on their offer to sell Corsica, gaining the island for 60 million livres. While the Genoese were pleased, there were some in Berlin who believed the money could have been better spent elsewhere, especially considering the difficulties of governing so distant a territory. Whatever the case, control has been handed over to the Prussians and many years of life under Genoa have come to a close.

Pascuale Paoli, the leader of the inland "Corsican Republic" called on Frederick to live up to the principles of the Enlightenment by recognizing his government and the Constituation on which it rests. He demands his people have the right to govern their own future, without foreign intervention. It is often said that possession is nine-tenths of the law, thus as Prussia only controls a few areas along the coast of the island, some are wondering whether the Corsicans might not end up free after all...?

Riots in Cairo, Foreign Involvement?

Despite success in the north, much to the relief of the Sultan, there was unease in the cities of Egypt. The Ottoman government there was faced with widespread dissent, and even occasional riots, in cities such as Cairo over a supposed food shortage (the result of an insufficient harvest). There are some Ottoman officials who challenge this however, pointing to supposed foreign intervention in the region. Several men who spoke Hungarian have aroused extra suspicion and while order seems restored for now, the unease of some officials over how soon some of the Sultan's subjects were provoked to dissent remains.

ATTEMPT ON THE LIFE OF FRANCIS! WILL PRUSSIA EVER STOP?

Yet another monarch came close to the assasin's blade in this period, though this attack was unsucessful. Emperor Francis I's carriage was fired at by a poor Austrian peasant, the man being quickly arrested and imprisoned. It naturally did not take long for the government of Austria to accuse Frederick of Prussia of being behind yet another foreign plot, arresting more than a dozen supposed Prussian spies. There was widespread outrage among the nobility and officers, though there has also been a suprising lack of specifics from the Austrian government concerning the incident.

Whatever the case, this assasination has stabilized Francis' popularity, ending the freefall of the last few months. The Emperor has gone into hiding, likely as a percaution to save his life, but also perhaps to avoid the enemy forces which could soon be pouring further into his realm. While there is some support for him, the overwhelming desire of the Austrians and Hungarians remains the freedom of Joseph and his siblings.

[Spamage]

The Concert of Europe

June 1758

Nations, Leaders, & Players:
Russian Empire- Empress Elizabeth Petrovna (Henry Wallace)
Kingdom of France- King Louis XV Bourbon (Windjammer)
Kingdom of Prussia- King Fredrick II Hohenzollern (Lumine)
Archduchy of Austria- Emperor-Regent Francis (Dereich)
Kingdom of Great Britain- King George II of Hanover (DKrol)
Kingdom of Spain- King Ferdinand VI Bourbon
Ottoman Empire- Sultan Mustafa III Osmanoğlu (Kalwejt)
Kingdom of Sweden- Adolf Frederick (YPestis25)

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont- Charles Emmanuel III Savoy (TimTurner)

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland- Frederick V Oldenburg (Kingpoleon)
Republic of Venice- Doge Francesco Loredan (GOTfan)

Economic Standings:
Kingdom of Prussia- Strong
Kingdom of Great Britain- Strong
Republic of Venice- Strong
Kingdom of Spain- Strong
Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland- Moderate
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont-Moderate
Kingdom of Sweden- Moderate
Ottoman Empire- Moderate
Kingdom of France- Weak
Archduchy of Austria- Weak
Russian Empire- Very Weak

Ongoing Conflicts:
-War of the Grand Coalitions: Kingdom of France, Empire of Russia, Archduchy of Austria, Kingdom of Sweden (and others) v. Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Prussia, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Portugal, Kingdom of Denmark-Norway (and others)

Russian Empire:

-Your decision to keep your men in Austria the last 6 months has proven disastrous. Thousands more have sensed weakness in your regency and joined the causes of your two enemies. Peter gathered the serfs and “new men” to your far west while the Cossacks inflicted an embarrassing defeat on the 2nd Army. Now Kiev has been lost to the infidel. Clearly your strategy for resolving the situation must be changed. How will you fight the war in the coming months?

-You enjoy the support of the clergy and the traditionalist-minded nobles.Yet, this is more an alliance of convenience than one of love. The nobles abhor the Cossack menace while the clergy were disgusted by Peter’s proclamation of religious freedom. Some are advising you to court these groups, giving them benefits to turn their backing into one of admiration, rather than one of strategic interest. Suggested options include giving land to the Church or reaffirming your commitment to the practice of serfdom in the Empire.

-Some savvy courtiers have suggested you gain a European ally to help you crush the rebellions by the betrothal the infant Emperor Paul to one of the other young noble girls of Europe. While this could be a wise move, there are others that remind you that many powers are quite far away and help would not be necessarily forthcoming. Perhaps a Russian would be better instead? Do you have anyone from either category in mind? Others argue attempting to reconcile with your estranged husband (perhaps through the agreement of joint rule) would be a better route to go. What will you do?

Archduchy of Austria:

-Frederick II’s outrageous proclamation has driven your people into a frenzy. Yet, rather than tearing down your regency, it seems to have stabilized it. The Austrians do not desire losing their privileged status as the leaders of the Holy Roman Empire and were outraged by the unilateral move of the Prussians. Officers are pledging that they will support aggressive action if it is required to stop the Prussian menace, even while Joseph is a captive. A local newspaper perhaps put it best, “An Empire of a thousand years shall not be destroyed in two.” How will you respond the Prussia’s actions?

-There are calls for Brandenburg, Hanover, and Bavaria to be stripped of their titles as Electors of the Holy Roman Empire (though they may have already technically abjured them with their renunciation of it). Perhaps these positions could be given to other Imperial Princes to sway their minds and get them involved in the fighting. Do you have anyone in mind?

-Frederick’s radical decision has opened the opportunity for wooing the thus-far neutral powers in the Holy Roman Empire. These princes have remained out of the conflict, but are very aware of Prussia’s aggressive actions both before and during this war. There is further sympathy for you as a father defending the birthright of your children. Perhaps incentives could be offered to these potential allies to draw them into the war on your behalf. What are you willing to offer?

Kingdom of France:

-The Prussian purchase of Corsica involves them directly in the affairs of the Mediterranean. Not only does this pose a risk of greatly enhancing the field of Prussian influence, but also the chance of oppressed people in other areas (like France itself) of seeing the success of Corsicans and their mischief. There are calls for an expedition to the island in order to put down both Paoli and the Prussians. This would allow you to make and example of the rebels, while also increasing French power. Yet, with so many enemy ships in the area, others see too much risk with little reward. What will your move in response to Prussian expansionism on your doorstep be?

-The situation in India is a bright spot for France. The Mughals are on the verge of collapse and will perhaps offer you and the Maratha Confederacy terms shortly. Even so, the British remain dominant in Bengal. Your hawkish advisors wish for you to continue the fight there, even if you are outnumbered, as pushing your foes out of India would establish an unchallenged and secure French presence there. Others are more cautious, fearing overreaching. What is to be done about India? Perhaps a solution could be employing the locals to fight on your behalf, though this would be expensive.

-There is no doubt the defeat at the hands of Frederick was brutal and your soldiers are highly demoralized, demanding an immediate return to France before any other action is taken. The supply lines are long, communication faulty, and the enemies formidable. Some generals are still pushing for yet another attack on the Prussians in Austria, though this risks the mutiny of the men. Will your soldier return to France in order to recover and carry on the fight, or will they be forced to try and halt Frederick’s advance after more than a year away from home?

Kingdom of Great Britain:

-With the formation of the “German League”, never has the question of Hanover’s position been a bigger debate. Most Hanoverian subjects desire that you join that realm to said league, desiring closer ties with Prussia, though the idea is less popular with subjects in Britain itself. Whatever the case, joining the league would provide greater economic opportunities in continental Europe, though it could also drive your subjects in Germany closer to Prussia and further from you. Will Hanover join the German League?

-Domestically, there is quite a controversial issue in Great Britain itself. For decades now, the Enclosure movement has continued apace, pushing the commoners out of traditional lands and giving vast tracts to nobles and wealthy subjects. This has always provoked a serious backlash and controversy among the peasants, who see centuries-old rights being stripped away. They demand you end the progression of the Enclosure Movement and allow for the status quo to continue. Others argue property reform is the way of the future. Which side will you take?

-The Irish Rebellion is collapsing, but not won entirely. Vast areas of the Kingdom have been regained, but new problems have arose. There are property disputes between the original, Protestant, landholders and those who have occupied it since the Rebellion began, primarily Catholic peasants. Should they be evicted, risking further domestic turmoil in Ireland, or will the land be perpetually transfered, whatever effects this has on the former upper-class? Another problem in Ireland is the rise of secret groups aimed at undercutting the regime. How will those captured in treacherous activity (such as spreading misinformation, theft, and arson) be punished?

[Spamage]

Kingdom of Spain:

-The Spanish public is increasingly calling for you to enter the war, before it is too late to gain any spoils from it. The French victories in the Netherlands and Austria have caused the conservatives in Madrid to urge you to join your Catholic brethen, while the more reformist-minded courtiers see Portugal and Britain as ideal allies. Regardless, both sides agree if Spain waits too long, they could be left behind by the victorious coalition following the war. How will you respond to these demands?

-The Catholic Church has always had a strong grip over power in Spain, but some of your advisors see the Enlightenment ideas sweeping Europe as an opportunity. They believe you should bring the Spanish Church to heel by taxing it, removing clergy from government offices, and reducing the power of the Inquisition. Others believe this will only serve to provoke conservatives and the relaitionship should remain as it is. What are your orders?

-Ricardo Wall, the Irishman who is one of your chief ministers, is sympathetic to his people. He has been repeatedly urging Spain to send supplies or soldiers to free Ireland from Britain. At very least he requests that your government attempt to negotiate a peace between the Irish Jacobites and the government of Britain, perhaps establishing an independent Ireland. Others see this as breaking your friendly agreements with London. What will be done?

Kingdom of Prussia:

-Frederick, your decision to dissolve the Holy Roman Empire has been controversial. Some are even dubbing it rash. The more conservative members have become inclined to back the Emperor, fearing the expansion of Prussia after the seizure of Silesia and the invasion of Saxony. It is remembered that you took the first military action in this War, whatever the provocations, and your image has suffered abroad. How will you solve this public-image problem?

-Your newest set of victories is encouraging, but some of your advisors see a bigger threat than Austria on the horizon. The events in Poland have lead to many conservative Polish and Lithuanian nobles fleeing to Berlin, among other areas, in the hopes of escaping murderous peasants. They bring with them tales of the assault on the Sejm, causing great fear among your own nobles, especially considering your territories remain an absolute monarchy. These concerned subjects urge you to get involved in Poland and restore order before it runs out of control, though Alexander II has publicly retained his largely friendly stance towards Prussia. 

-With much of Bohemia secure, the way forward is less clear. While Francis’ rule was tottering, your unilateral (or at least percieved unilateral) move to end the Empire rallied the people to his side in a way he alone never could. Calls for the surrender of the Habsburg realms have been replaced with calls to win the heirs to those titles back through military force. Some suggest moving into Hungary to shut up these pretentious enemies, while others believe securing Austria proper is the correct move. Still a third group wants you to remain in Bohemia to soldify your new position, give your men a chance for some much deserved rest, and reevaluate the way forward. What is to be done?

Ottoman Empire:

-The uprising in Egypt was both suspicious and eye-opening. Suspicious in the sense that, on paper, there seems to be little reason for the people in this part of your Empire to be upset with your rule. As was stated earlier, foreign agents must be rooted out. It was revealing in the sense that it highlighted how willing your Egyptian subjects were to condemn your rule. Events in Poland should be a cautionary tale if their concerns are not addressed. Some at Court think this demands a more forceful hand (increasing the size of local garrisons and direct control), while others argue you should work with your traditional officials there. Whatever the case this situation should be addressed before, God forbid, it should spread into Greece or Armenia.

-You have expelled the enemies from your lands, well done. Now the question must undoubtedly be what comes next. Some are demanding a push into either Hungary or Croatia to bring the Habsburgs to their knees, though others urge caution. They believe a continued focus on Crimea and Russia would a more effective use of Ottoman arms. Your military has improved due to your leadership thus far, now how will you use it?

-With your capture of Kiev, there is also the potential for great financial gain. St. Andrews Church, currently under construction, is quite ornate and well-furnished. There are several other major Orthodox religious building in the city that are filled with gold and other forms of wealth. While you’ve ordered your men to be respectful to the Orthodox believers, some advisors remind you that you’ve said nothing about the Orthodox wealth. Perhaps these religious institutions could be stripped, the goods being sent back as spoils of war to Istanbul. Undoubtedly such a move would be controversial, but also profitable. What will you do?

Kingdom of Sweden:

-The turnaround of events in Scandinavia is both stunning and disappointing. The Caps are leaning more towards peace, though the Royalists remain committed to the War. Whatever the case, the government of the Riksdag has become more suspicious as a whole of royal leadership, questioning your decision to go to war. While for now their dissent is largely quiet, there remains the chance they could act, especially with the Poles offering examples of how to rid oneself of troublesome kings.

-The Finns have become more vocal about recieving their own representation, perhaps through their own parliamentary body. With Denmark's granting Iceland co-equal status as Norway, their questioning of the current system has become louder. While delegating some authority to locals would likely increase the efficiency of your realm's system, some wonder if it could also do serious damage to attempts to increase authority. After all, the more power is devolved, the less there is for the King to wield.

-Militarily, you still do have options if you are absolutely determined to win the war. Most officers are urging a defensive strategy at this point, hoping that you will be able to gain the upper hand within your own Kingdom, though this position is risky. Fighting in Sweden means the death of Swedish civilians and the disruption of the economy. What is your plan regarding the war?

[Spamage]

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland:

-Well done King Frederick! Norway has been restored to Danish rule, though there is a notable reluctance on the part of many nobles to return to the system. Several noble families declared for Sweden in the last few months and you must decide whether you will strip them of their lands and titles or seek peace and reconciliation. Either option has benefits, but so too do they each have serious risks. How will you proceed regarding those nobles who espoused the cause of Adolf Frederick?

-The road to Sweden seems clear at present, thanks in large part to the crucial Prussian aid of the last few months. Will you seize the opportunity and go on the offensive, or give your soldiers time to rest, restore their resolve, and resupply. Certainly moving agressively could see Sweden collapse, though it also risks the utter reversal of your recently gained fortune. What are your commands for the war?

-Your liberation of Trondelag has revealed that the Swedes were attempting to construct a navy in that city. Their rapid flight from Norway left the half-built vessels untouched and potentially usable. Some are calling for you to finish the construction and deploy the ships within the next 6 months, while others argue it is a waste of money with so many dire issues elsewhere. Will the ships be completed?

Republic of Venice:

-There have been a series of outrageous attacks on Venetian trade vessels in the past few months perpetrated by the Barbary Pirates. With the French fleet in port, and the Barbary states vassals of the Ottomans, there is no outside force to protect your shipping. Some in Venice are urging you to formally complain to the Sultan, others argue an all-out assault on these territories ought to be pursued. Whatever the case, something must be done. As a neutral power your fleet ought to be able to conduct itself peacefully.

-Your attempt to moderate the war seems to have failed, with numerous powers unwilling to come to the negotiating table or making unrealistic demand. While the move did boost your reputation abroad, its failure is still embarrassing. Some are urging you to keep up your efforts. Along these lines, there are questions about the security of your humanitarian expedition to Germany at this time. With Bavaria invading Tirol, battles occurring throughout Germany, and stark divisions, some see it as too risky. Will you cancel the expedition or move forward with it, whatever the risks may be.

-The "League of Armed Neutrality" has grown since you established it. The United Provinces of the Netherlands and the Bishphoric of Liege have been admitted. With this growth, there are prodecural questions arising as to the nature of the League. You clearly took on an active leadership role by attempting to mediate peace, but other powers are arguing that such major decision should be conducted by a vote among the leaders of member states. This could mean sacrificing control over your own agreement, though it would also make it more attractive to powers still not involved. What will you do?

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont:

-The invasion of Bavaria was a horrible debacle, though much of the Sardinian Army managed to escape to friendly territory. Unfortunately, your men were severely outnumbered and most of your advisors are urging you to coordinate army movements with the Austrians or French moving forward, should they remain in the field. Others are urging you to raise more men at home, combine them with your exisiting army, and pursue more expeditions abroad alone. What are your military goals for these next few months?

-Genoa, with its sale of Corsica, now sits quite vulnerable to your south. No longer is there a place for the leaders to retreat to should they lose their capitol itself, and some are suggesting you take action against them. Clearly Prussia has shown that it is possible to expand freely, so long as you're able to produce results. These advisors would have your men return to Piedmont and attack the unsuspecting Genoese. While the potential rewards are quite large (the 60 million Prussian livres, a sizeable trade fleet), the other Italian states might not take too kindly to the oppresion of one of their own. Will you take a chance and crush the Republic to the south, or remain focused on the fight against Prussia, Britain, Denmark, and the Ottomans?

-The dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, or at least the attempt to, has frightened some of your subjects. While Sardinia-Piedmont has not been a formal member for quite some time, you have generally maintained a close relationship with the Habsburg Emperors. If ideas about German unification or reform take hold, what is to stop them from spreading to Italy? Some are calling for you to vocally denounce Prussia's actions, while others see them as a blueprint for the future of your realm. What will you decide?



Armies & Locations

Kingdom of Prussia
143,541 Royal Army
14,500 Army of Norway
15,000 men garrisoned
(Can raise 3,000 more)

Kingdom of France
169,204 Army of Austria
32,000 Army of France
8,120 Army of Quebec
15,103 Army Louisiana + Ohio
4,058 Army of India
10,000 men garrisoned
(Can raise 2,000 more)

Kingdom of Great Britain
35,386 Army of Ireland North
20,063 Army of Ireland South
16,000 Army of Britain
34,500 Army of Hanover
15,000 Army & Garrison of the 13 Colonies
9,236 Army of Quebec
10,189 Army of Ohio
5,794 Army & Garrison of India
(Can raise 10,000 more)

Kingdom of Sweden
63,898 Army of Sweden
10,000 men garrisoned
(Can raise 5,000 more)

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland
61,898 Army of Norway
(Can raise 5,000 more)

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
27,890 men raised and mobile
8,000 men garrisoned
(Can raise 10,000 more)

Kingdom of Spain
60,000 men raised and mobile
25,000 men garrisoned
15,000 Army & Garrison of New Spain
10,000 Army & Garrison of South America
2,000 Army & Garrison of the Philippines
(can raise 30,000 more)

Russian Empire
97,437 1st Army
123,914 2nd Army
(can raise 5,000 more)

Archduchy of Austria
150,420 Army of the Danube
25,000 Hungarian Guard
13,500 Tuscan Army
(can raise 15,000 more)

Ottoman Empire
125,534 Army of the Danube
20,000 Army of Istanbul
20,000 Army of Ukraine
35,000 men garrisoned
(can raise 20,000 more)

Republic of Venice
12,000 men raised and mobile
(can raise 20,000 more)


Navies of the World
Kingdom of Great Britain
170 Ships of the Line
123 Frigates

Kingdom of France
107 Ships of the Line
51 Frigates

Kingdom of Spain
57 Ships of the Line
28 Frigates

Kingdom of Portugal
32 Ships of the Line
20 Frigates

Russian Empire
31 Ships of the Line
5 Frigates

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway
22 Ships of the Line
18 Frigates

Kingdom of Sweden
23 Ships of the Line
11 Frigates

Ottoman Empire
18 Ships of the Line
8 Frigates

Republic of Venice
10 Ships of the Line
21 Frigates

Kingdom of Prussia
2 Ships of the Line
5 Frigates

[Spamage]

Conclave of 1758, Who will the Powers back?

To: ALL CATHOLIC PLAYERS

With the death of Benedict XIV, the Throne of St. Peter has fallen vacant yet again. Naturally, the Cardinals have assembled to elect his successor, though most are willing to privately hear the input of the various Catholic leaders throughout Europe. The next Pope will face issues on a wide variety of topics ranging from the role of the Jesuits in Europe, the Church's position on the War, the future of the Holy Roman Empire, and attempts to modernize one of the oldest institutions in Europe. Naturally there is a clerical faction determined to see one of their own elected, they being comitted to dogma over political issues, but others are more willing to be flexible. Who will you support for this illustrious position or, at very least, what kind of Pope would you like to see? (send to me via PM) Consider carefully, Europe's future could depend on it.

[Spamage]

CHAOS IN GERMANY!
Declaration of the "Imperial League"!

With Frederick II's Decree of June 1758 (with the support of the Electors of Hanover and Bavaria) stating the end of the Holy Roman Empire, the numerous thus-far neutral territories in Germany found themselves forced to confront the new reality. They could either join Prussia and their numerous allies in the German League or listen to the calls of Francis of Lorraine to join the fight to protect the Empire. With the city of Regensburg surrounded by hostile Bavaria, Francis ordered the Imperial Diet to convene in the Free City of Frankfurt. Many observers were surprised by the number of Princes that either showed up or sent representatives, though much of North Germany was absent. With the members of the German League naturally not sending any representatives, the Diet was a one-sided affair.

The first move by those supportive of Francis and the Empire was to reaffirm the authority of that body. The Archbishop-Electors of Trier, Mainz, and Cologne joined Frederick Christian (the exiled Duke of Saxony) and Francis I (acting as regent for his son) in voting to keep the Empire in place. Their supposed majority undercut Prussia's argument of having the authority of most Princes, though others noted Frederick Christian and Francis only had tenuous rights to cast votes, considering Saxony and Bohemia were at present occupied by Prussia.

Imperial Bans (Reichsacht) were easily passed against Frederick of Prussia and George of Great Britain. These decrees meant, in the eyes of members of the Holy Roman Empire, they were legally considered dead. In theory all of their possessions were considered forfeit, they could be murdered without punishment for the assailants, and their titles were no longer theirs. The success of these measures was met with applause on the floor of the Diet, though some delegations chose this moment to quietly withdraw, hoping to maintain their neutrality. Several days later it was agreed by those present that the vassals would take up arms for Francis I against Prussia and Hanover.

Allies of Francis soon declared their alliance "The Imperial League" in order to contrast directly with Prussia and her allies. The Archbishops were the first to join in large numbers. With Portugal's exit from the War, the Prussia's alliance lacked any major Catholic members, save for the minor Princes who joined out of convenience. Many other Catholics, and a few Protestants, soon followed their example.

There was a response from some other German nobles who saw the Imperial League itself as a threat. Hamburg, Coburg, Gotha, and Saxe-Weimar (among others) joined Frederick of Prussia and the German League, renouncing the Holy Roman Empire.

There are reports of intial skirmishes throughout all of Germany. A group of Protestants was slaughtered in Westfalen by over-zealous subjects, while several priests were assasinated in Ravensberg. Observers are quite unsure of how the situation will develop, with pessimists harkening back to the horrors of the Thirty Years War. Whatever the case, while Prussia and her allies remain quite strong, and even bolstered by the new members of the German League, Francis of Lorraine seems to have finally developed a serious counterbalance to their threat. If it will suceed remains to be seen.

The War has exploded into a new theater that has thus far been quiet. The future of Germany will be determined by the events of the coming months and years...

German League: Prussia, Hanover, Bavaria, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Mecklenburg-Schwieren, Oldenburg, Ansbach, Baden, Wurtemburg, the Palatine, Braunschwieg, Hesse-Kassel, Saxe-Weimar, Gotha, Coburg, Hamburg, Meinigen, Bremen, Ravensberg, Minden, Hohenzollern, Anhalt-Bernburg

Imperial League: Austria, Bresigau, Wurzburg, Bamberg, Mainz, Trier, Westfalen, Ostfriesland, Berg, Liege, Nassau, Passau, Frankfurt, Paderborn, Nurnburg, Regensburg, Augsburg, Anhalt-Zerbst, Bayreuth, Hesse-Darmstadt, Kempten, Ulm, Furstenburg, Hall, Rothenburg, Wied, Sayn, Munster, Koln, Zweibrucken, Julich

[Spamage]

The Collapse of the Mughal Empire

Mughal greatness never really recovered from the Sack of Delhi by the Persians early on the the 1700s. After a string of humiliating defeats in the current war, as well as the occupation of much of their Empire, the situation became untenable. The two century old dynasty, ruled by the descendants of the renowned Tamerlane, has essentially ceased to be a major power in India.

Emperor Alamgir II of the Mughals established a peace with France and the Maratha Confederacy in the 1758 Treaty of Delhi. Hoping to cut his losses and rebuild his realm, he instead faced internal dissent and sepratism upon signing the treaty. Gujarat was ceded to France, with the Maratha Confederacy annexing territory along the southern border. In the postwar crisis, Ahmad Shah Durrani, a former vassal, declared independence and led an army in pillaging Delhi itself. Other local officials similarly severed ties with the Mughals, many small states arising in their former territory. Though Alamgir continues to rule a small shell of his former realm, most observers believe his days are numbered.

The Maratha, who are already unstable from the addition of so much territory, seem to be signalling a desire to annex these new polities, but European observers likewise see an opportunity. Perhaps these small realms would yield easily to foreign invasion, or at very least be willing to become protected vassals of one of the colonial powers?

In any case, the old order in India has been smashed, never to return. Whether the new one will consist of Maratha dominance, colonial subjugation, various small realms fighting on another, or something else entirely will only be made clear through the passage of time.

[Spamage]

A Helping Hand: Polish "Volunteers" Hired by Catherine of Russia

Looking to distract his realm from internal differences, and earn some gold along the way, Alexander II of Poland eagerly accepted an offer from Catherine of Russia. In return for Russia ceding the territories of Northern Lithuania and Estonia to Poland, he would be willing to allow Catherine to hire some of his soldiers as mercenaries in order to put down the rebels plaguing her realm. Many were shocked by the agreement, though there are some who see this as key to Catherine's suppressing the two unprecedented rebellions in her realm.

While some in Russia argued the move brought back memories of the Polish invasion during the Time of Troubles, others in St. Petersburg recognized the unique situation Catherine and Paul's government found itself in. Polish troops would undoubtedly be crucial in turning the tide. The Russian people, on the other hand, may not be too pleased should the Poles be ungentle guests, especially given the sacrifice of the vital lands along the Baltic.

In Poland, Reformists within the Third Sejm did not take kindly to Alexander's decision. Viewing Russia as a tyrant-infested den of peasants, they were upset that their constitutional monarch would abuse his new powers and immediately send Poles to fight under the banner of their ideological foe. Their sympathies lay much more with Peter III and his call for serf liberation. Whatever the case, Alexander's actions were technically legal, though they've opened up yet another contentious political issue in Warsaw. The Army backed the King, though the people appear more inclined to support the Reformists.

[Spamage]

News: Late 1758

PRUSSIA, DENMARK, AND OTTOMANS VIOLATE TREATY OF PARIS, HIRE MERCENARIES TO ATTACK ESTONIA!

The landing of the "Russian Liberation Army" in Estonia has caused quite an international scandal. Funded by Prussia, Denmark, and the Ottomans, even with the failure of the mission it is clear they intended to break one of the key parts of their peace agreement with France and Catherine in Russia. The move caused Frederick to be branded as an obsessive, evil, traitor in foreign press. People from Warsaw to Mardid are questioning the integrity of the entire Anglo-Prussian Alliance, with some of their allies proving more reluctant to be active partners due to the shame of association.

Some Prussians have argued the invasion was an elaborate plot staged by Catherine and Alexander II in Poland, though few believe them. If there will be any concrete consequences of the move remains to be seen.

SWEDEN BETRAYS FORMER ALLY! CAPS ATTEMPT COUP IN STOCKHOLM!

King Adolf Frederick made a highly controversial move when he withdrew Royalist support for the Cap-led government, announcing his plans to attack Russia. As the Caps held an affinity for Russia, they were outraged and refused to leave government. Leaders of the Caps quickly attempted to form a loose coalition with the Hats, both parties tenatively agreeing to pass a series of laws to greatly reduce the power of Adolf. The Hats were two-faced however, and reached a seperate agreement with the King behind the back of the Caps. In return for supporting Swedish intervention in Russia, with the hopes of rebuilding the once-glorious Swedish Empire, they would have large discresion over domestic matters.

The mood in Stockholm was not well. Most remembered the last time the Hat-led government had invaded Russia little more than a decade ago, and were thus uncertain about the prospect. Seeing the events in Poland, and with the King somewhat overstepping his usual authority, the Swedes took to the streets. Riots in favor of the Caps broke out in Stockholm. They were soon brutally repressed by the military, which forced the groups to scatter and the city to return to semi-normalcy, though tension remains in the air.

With Sweden now back in the war, this side with the Prussians, Louisa Ulrika gladly returned home to her husband and children, demanding any investigation of her behavior to be ended. She is proud her husband seemingly has been able to check the power of the Riksdag, though the mood could shift if the Hats pursue too radical of an agenda.

Radicals Win Sejm Elections!
SERFDOM ABOLISHED, NOBLE TITLES ENDED, CHURCH TAXED, NATIONAL GUARD ESTABLISHED

Alexander II and his select group of elites were quick to reach an agreement following the collapse of the noble-led Sejm in Early 1758. The power of the King was increased in military affairs, as well as the appointment of judges, though they would still be confirmed by the Sejm. The first written constitution, the Compact of 1758, was publicly released to much praise. A historic moment soon followed in Poland-Lithuania, with the first-ever elections being held from June-late July. They resulted in a new, much more radical body, consisting primarily of middle-class Poles and Lithuanians. Representatives were predominantly urban merchants and lawyers, with the occasional election of a "Hero of '58" (some key figures in the uprisings and street-fighting).

The King immeadiately attempted to assert control over the new government, his son Crown Prince Adam Kazmierz being appointed to the new Sejm as the representative of the monarch. Alexander II heavily lobbied for him to be named Prime Minister, facing intense resistance from some of the representatives. Two factions immeadiately were clear, the Radicals and the Royalists. The Radical Party represented the "People" and demanded the process of reform, initiated after the downfall of Augustus III, be continued throughout all of Polish society. They enjoyed a substantial majority. The Royalists, on the other hand, were a loose coalition of nobles, conservatives, and devout Catholics who desired increased power to Alexander II and a tempering of the reform process.

In a sign of things to come, the first act of the new body was to rename itself. While in the Compact of 1758 the group of elected representatives was referred to as a Sejm, the overwhelming majority during the vote decided to re-christen it the "National Assembly" instead (Zgromadzenie Narodowe). The Sejm had come to have a dark connotation and was viewed as an instrument of oppression.

While everyone soon set about to governing, Alexander dropped a bomb in the unstable situation with the announcement of the agreement with Catherine of Russia. The Radicals condemned the agreement, calling Catherine a "German Whore". "We do not care about fighting in Russia, nor fighting in Germany. The only nation we want to help is our own!" declared one member of the Assembly. There were not kind words for the other sovereigns of Europe either. After the assault on Estonia, Frederick II of Prussia was called the "Bloody Tyrant and Murderer" by the outraged representatives who, while they did not approve of aiding Catherine, were happy to accept the territory she offered in return.

The Radicals also used the absence of the largely-Royalist generals to enact some controversial reforms. In a series of rapid-fire moves they imposed taxes on the Church, declared freedom of worship, abolished the titles and priviledges of the nobility, created a new "National Guard" for every male citizen from the ages  17-25, declared education to be a right, and outlawed serfdom. All of these actions were passed by overriding the veto of the King, who the leaders of the Radicals denounced as a "tyrant" or mockingly referred to as "Augustus IV". This radical agenda was dizzying to the Kingdom, with some ultra-Conservatives conducting domestic assaults on government officials in an attempt to intimidate them. These moves have been met with brutal reprisal by the Assembly's loyal National Guard soldiers. Many Royalists have withdrawn from the body after this series of defeats and questioned its legitimacy, calling on Alexander II to take action yet again.

The trickle of nobles, exiles from Poland-Lithuania, became a torrent as each new law was passed. They bring with them horrible stories of properties being seized and serfs attacking their former masters, warning that unless action is taken, Poland's neighbors could be next. The size of the military in that realm has grown, though perhaps quality is not much yet improved. The Army of Poland in Russia, meanwhile, has condemned the moves, but is at the moment powerless so long as rebels are active against Catherine. Chaos continues to be the ruling form of government in Warsaw.

Poland is now a serious representative of what could be on the way for the rest of Europe. Despite the condemnations of the new Pope, the nobility, and many foreign observers, the people of the Kingdom are jubilant. Those freed from serfdom care little that the Church is being taxed, those who are poor are glad to see the nobles punished, and those who own businesses are supportive of deregulation and easier trade within the realm. What will come next? Many across Europe are scared to find out.

Solomon of Imreti Declares “Kingdom of the Georgians”, Denounces Ottoman Rule

A provacative provision in the Treaty of Paris agreed to Ottoman control over the lands east of the Black Sea. The territory, on the maps released, showed the whole of Georgia a part of that Empire, even though the lands had been independant thus far. Naturally, locals were angry, demanding their independence be respected. The King of Imreti, Solomon I, seized the moment and declared he was willing to fight for all of the Georgians against the tyranny of the heathens. “Should the Turks invade, we will resist,” he told a crowd of loyal supporters.

Towns in the entire area either evicted their Ottoman garrisons or just joined the movement, lured by the promise of genuine freedom. With widespread local support, Solomon was crowned “King of the Georgians” by a local orthodox bishop and his first missive sent abroad demanded Constantinople reaffirm the rights of the Georgians to their freedom, threatening to fight to the last building if they are refused. He asserted the natural and historic freedom of Georgia and has openly expressed little desire to compromise. He has also called on other European nations to protect his land’s integrity.

PLAGUE RETURNS TO EUROPE!

It started in Bosnia. Several Ottoman soldiers stationed on the Danube began to show signs of illness, initially believed to be smallpox, before their condition rapidly worsened and Plague began to spread throughout the camp. Within weeks much of the local area was affected, and by the 6th month it had entered Hungary, spreading out through Ottoman and Austrian territory alike. Though the casualty rates are not as high as those of the Medieval period, the rebirth of the Plague in Europe has caused universal horror. Not since 1736, twenty years ago, was it present on the Continent in Marseilles. As it spreads north, inching towards Germany, people are deathly afraid of the consequences of such a war-ravaged area being affected. In the south the Plague has reached as far as Greece. Local dissent was quickly quieted by news of deaths in Thesalonika and Athens from the disease.

Clergy throughout the Continent have alleged it is the hand of God showing itself, upset at the fighting among his children. Austrians have blamed the Ottomans and vice-versa, while some point the finger at Frederick of Prussia, due to his lack of integrity. Whatever the case, thousands are dead as the disease ravages lands it has not touched in decades, if not centuries.

[Spamage]

Crisis in France, LOUIS XV POISONED! King lives, Tensions between nobles and people at breaking point!

Following the end of the war, Louis XV kept his promise to call for a session of the Estates General, eager to avoid the circumstances that were erupting in Poland. The commoners were provided with half of the seats, the nobles and clergy possessing the remainder. This move was notable and widely lauded. The calling of France's legislative body, coupled with the gains in India and the continued French ownership of the Lower Netherlands, saw Louis' popularity rise to levels not seen since his early reign, when he was just a child.

When the Assembly opened, it seemed like the first major dispute was going to be to whether to vote by Estate or vote by Head. This was quickly overshadowed by drama surrounding the King's opening speech.

Louis XV's address initially seemed normal. He welcomed the delegates to Versailles and praised the alliance between their various groups and the Crown. As he was speaking however, it soon became clear he was not well. His skin paled, the King shuddered, and then he collapsed in front of the entire assembly. Panicked guards collected the King and carried him out of the room. Rumors spread Louis had been poisoned, many blaming the Duc de Orleans, the closest kinsman outside of the immeadiate Royal Family. These whispers alleged Orleans was working with Frederick of Prussia to undermine Louis XV and switch the King of France. While the King survived, being bedridden for several weeks, he emerged determined and popular.

This attempted murder caused the nobles and clergy to largely allow the events of the Estates General to procede, even agreeing to vote by head in order to seem agreeable with public sentiment. While this resulted in the first modest tax on the nobles in many years, the national mood seems to be one of unity, especially in light of Prussian violation of several key aspects of the Treaty of Paris. The French economy is already starting to show signs of improvement due to these reforms.

PROSPERO COLONNA DI SCIALARRA ELECTED POPE BENEDICT XV!

An event largely overshadowed by the developments in Poland, Germany, and Russia was the Papal Conclave, though it may prove to be of equal importance. With the influence of the French and Austrian factions, after many rounds of balloting Prospero Colonna di Sciarra was chosen as Pope. He quickly took the name Benedict XV, after his predecessor, who immeadiately decided to emulate. In his opening address, Benedict XV warned Europe about the evils of the "Protestant-Heathen Alliance" and reaffirmed his support of France and Austria. Having been the Cardinal-protector of France, it is no surprise he seems to be partial to that realm.

One peculiar matter he has remained quiet on is the issue of the Jacobite succession in Britain. While Cardinal Henry Stuart has been badgering to reaffirm his commitment to his father, Benedict XV has thus far apparently been undecided on the issue. It remains to be seen what he will do about such a controversial topic.

The Bengal Affair

With the conclusion of the War in India, the British officials in Bengal made immeadiate plans to withdraw from the region. The colony was renounced and surrendered to locals as the garrison and local settlers set off for the distant realm of New Holland to start a new settlement. Most observers were shocked, none more so than the locals, who suddenly found themselves vulnerable to attack by the Maratha. In order to prevent this crisis, they petitioned the French government, offering to become a colonial region if, in return, Louis XV would agree to respect existing property possession and minor local customs. The French eagerly accepted, taking one of the wealthiest colonies in the world.

The British, meanwhile, faced little opposition during the settlement of the eastern coast of New Holland. Though Maria Louisa and the Dutch government expressed shock at the move, they also announced they were willing to negotiate with the British in order to split the continent in half.

In Britain the abandonment of India was seen as a huge scandal. Local press lambasted the move, in a series of scathing editorials which dubbed it the “Bengal Affair". It was very difficult to convince the people that a new settlement in an even further continent (New Holland) was more valuable than India, which had spices, cotton, tea, and other potential profitable resources. The Duke of Newcastle’s government has collapsed out of shame and unpopularity, even with their victories in Ireland and the Americas. The Kingdom now looks to George II, who some personally blame for abandoning Bengal, to name a new prime minister and ease the public opinion.

Ruler of Distant Joseon Outlaws Catholicism, Pope is Outraged!

With events in Europe dominating foreign affairs, many nations still took note of a provacative action in the far away realm of Korea. King Yeongjo of Joseon has outlawed Catholicism as an "evil practice" and expelled the Jesuits from his realm. Those refusing to renounce the faith have been murdered in order, so he alleges, to keep the peace.

These moves earned immeadiate condemnation from the new Pope. Benedict XV has called the King "a savage tool of Satan" and "Lucifer's friend", urging one of the strong Catholic colonial powers to get involved. He argues time in purgatory will be limited for those who work to help invade this "evil and wretched land" and bring to it "the true light of the Savior".

[Spamage]

The Concert of Europe

January 1759

Nations, Leaders, & Players:
Russian Empire- Empress Elizabeth Petrovna (Henry Wallace)
Kingdom of France- King Louis XV Bourbon (Windjammer)
Kingdom of Prussia- King Fredrick II Hohenzollern (Lumine)
Archduchy of Austria- Emperor-Regent Francis (Dereich)
Kingdom of Great Britain- King George II of Hanover (DKrol)
Kingdom of Spain- King Ferdinand VI Bourbon
Ottoman Empire- Sultan Mustafa III Osmanoğlu (Kalwejt)
Kingdom of Sweden- Adolf Frederick (YPestis25)

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont- Charles Emmanuel III Savoy (TimTurner)

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland- Frederick V Oldenburg (Kingpoleon)
Republic of Venice- Doge Francesco Loredan (GOTfan)

Kingdom of Portugal- King Joseph I Braganza (Mike88)

Economic Standings:
Kingdom of Prussia- Strong
Republic of Venice- Strong
Kingdom of Spain- Strong
Kingdom of Portugal- Strong
Kingdom of Great Britain- Moderate
Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland- Moderate
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont-Moderate
Kingdom of Sweden- Moderate
Kingdom of France- Moderate
Ottoman Empire- Weak
Archduchy of Austria-  Very Weak
Russian Empire- Very Weak

Popularity:
Frederick II of Prussia- High
Louis XV of France- High
Frederick V of Denmark- High
Francesco Loredan of Venice- High
Joseph I of Portugal- High
Mustafa III of Ottoman Empire- High
Adolf Frederick of Sweden- Moderate
George II of Great Britain- Moderate
Ferdinand VI of Spain- Moderate
Francis of Tuscany, Regent- Moderate
Catherine of Russia, Regent- Low
Charles Emmanuel III- Low

Ongoing Conflicts:
-War of the Grand Coalitions (Three Years War) Archduchy of Austria, Imperial League, Pauline Russia v. Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Prussia, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Sweden, Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland, German League, Petrine Russia

Russian Empire:

-You have been betrayed Catherine, by your uncle the King of Sweden no less. Despite pretending to hold an alliance with the Russian Empire, Swedish soldiers have seized Riga and Viborg, with St. Petersburg under siege. Though, by the grace of God, you and Paul were able to escape to safer territory, you must now decided whether to face off against the Swedes or continue to pursue the rebels at home. Your former husband has seized Moscow with an army of serfs, upset over your proclamation to re-enslave them. How will you keep your faction in power?

-Many Russians are upset over the attempts of Denmark, Prussia, and the Ottomans to equip a Russian Liberation Army of Swiss against you. Some courtiers are urging for you to reenter the War of the Grand Coalitions and call France back into the fighting as well. Others believe cooler heads must prevail in such dire times and that you should wait until the situation stabilizes in Russia before seeking revenge abroad. Perhaps the intervention by others could be used to raise nationalism at home. What will be done about this insult to your regency?

-The use of the Poles was a brilliant idea, their forces have helped bolster your armies and augment your strength. Yet, it may have been the withdrawal of soldiers from Poland that caused the crisis of the last few months, the Radicals in Warsaw ripping up key tenants of the European order in the name of equality. Some Polish generals have expressed a desire to be relieved of duty in order to send their armies back to Poland and eliminate the National Assembly. This would take away thousands of men fighting for you though. Will you release the Poles and weaken your forces, or keep them and potentially allow the chaos in Poland to continue?

Archduchy of Austria:

-Vienna has been saved, at least for the time being, but Bohemia is still lost. The War is not won yet Francis, and new questions are arising over the way forward. With the German League on the verge of wiping out your allies in Central Germany, the Imperial League winning in the west, and the Ottomans remaining on your border, there is a lot to manage. What is the way forward in this dire war?

-The Plague is spreading through Hungary, killing farmers, merchants, and artisans. The economic impact is already being felt as some lands begin to lie fallow and production is decreased. With is moving north, some fear the same fate awaits Vienna and Germany. How will you manage this wretched illness wracking your population and what efforts will you take to restore the Hungarian economy?

-As if the Plague was not already the worst problem, other parts of the Habsburg realm are facing dizzying inflation. Bread prices have risen with a surprising abundance of currency pouring into several major cities. The lower classes have been priced out of these important goods, while the rich find their fortunes are nowhere near where they once were. Some are calling for a wholesale reorganization of Austria’s finance system, with a new currency, others than the government begin to destroy excess coinage. A third groups demands an investigation into how the financial state could be so shaken so fast. Unless action is taken, it could soon become much more difficult to supply and pay your military men.

Kingdom of France:

-France has been managed well the last 6 months, King Louis. Even with your poisoning, the economy is showing signs of improvement due to the increased taxes and growth in India. There are questions about how France should move forward though, especially in light of the provocative actions undertaken by Prussia and her allies with the “Russian Liberation Army”. While some die-hards are urging you to rejoin the war, others believe that patience would be the best solution. France, they argue, will only prove to be a stronger opponent in the future if it is given time to absorb its gains and expand abroad.

-With your realm now being by far the most dominant European power in India, some are urging you to make overtures to the minor states that once were part of the Mughal Empire. Offering them protectorate status would only further cement your gains, though it risks angering your Maratha allies. Other are even proposing full-scale military action in India, military conquest of the remaining princedoms in order to form a centralized, stable French Raj.

-While the Estates General have been viewed as a success, the question of what to do from here on out remains an elephant in the room. It had been more than a century since it was last called, so some representatives fear that if the session adjourns, it may be another century before it is called again. They desire it to become a permanent deliberative and legislative body, though this would greatly damage any attempts to keep the French Monarchy absolutist, weakening your control over your subjects and the prestige among other European powers. Your conservative advisors are urging you to order it to close by June 1759, but perhaps leave open the option of calling it again in the future. How will you navigate this sensitive issue?

Kingdom of Great Britain:

-With your annexation of the former French land of Louisiana, and Spain’s subsequent purchase of New Orleans from the French, several issues must be addressed. First, the matter of supplying your new territories. In order to get goods to the sparsely populated areas, some of your colonial subjects have formed supply roads through Appalachia and Kentucky. Needless to say, your native allies (particularly the Cherokee and Iroqouis) desire assurances that you will halt any settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains, threatening to end their friendship if you do not agree. Another problem is that the Spanish could close the Mississippi at a moment’s notice, which would paralyze your holdings in the region without access to supplies. Some desire you to attempt to buy the city, others believe connecting with the 13 Colonies is a better solution. What is to be done in your expanded North American holdings?

-Maria Louisa has approached you on behalf of both of your grandson, William V. She offers a splitting of New Holland/Australia, with the Dutch taking the western half and the British controlling the East. She believes this would prevent disputes in the future and ensure bright economic prospects for both realms. Will you accept her offer?

-With the defeat of Oldenburg and the absence of the main Hanoverian Army, some are demanding your soldiers in Ireland begin offensive actions in Germany, hopefully crushing the Imperial League and expanding the power of your rule in the region. While you have the men available, others argue Hanover should be sacrificed in order to save British lives. This would condemn your German subjects to suffering though, what is to be done?

[Spamage]

Kingdom of Prussia:

-Your absence from the Battlefield brought sadness and trouble to the military, with the tragic death of Prince Henry at the Battle of Graz, a site which some argue is cursed for Prussia. Even so, your forces in Bohemia still outnumber the Austrian Army and the horror of the defeat has increased the potential manpower recruitment. The War is not won yet, though it still could be. How will you lead your armies now that you are personally back in control?

-The Bohemian Nobles, upset with the continuation have offered a private proposal regarding how the situation in their realm could be resolved (see PM). Others argue that you should appoint a yourself as the leader of that realm, increasing the amount of land you directly control. Still a third group sees a Bohemian noble as the most likely option for stability in the region. With your regional government established over the last few months, who is to be chosen to operate it?

-There remain around 30,000 Swiss mercenaries, survivors of the ill-fated attempt to liberate Russia. Having landed in Pomerania, they remain committed to fighting for you, so long as they are paid. With the situation in West Germany having deteriorated, some are calling for them to be sent there in order to rekindle the war effort. Others believe they would be better used in Central Germany. Still a third group believes they should join with the Royal Army. Or you could always send them home. What will you decide?

Ottoman Empire:

-The Plague ravages the Balkans, just as much as Hungary, spreading through the land and killing your subjects. With your army on the Danube having likely survived the worst of it, some believe ambitious offensive moves should be taken into either Croatia, Hungary, or Transylvania, catching the ailing people off-guard. Yet, with the arrival of Spanish soldiers and the Hungarian Guard, some urge continued caution, even if it is becoming less popular among the Ottoman people. How will you solves these developing situations north of Istanbul?

-There have been a variety of concerning incidences along the border of Wallachia and Poland, especially since the National Assembly made its ambitious set of reforms. Local officials report attempts by the Poles to build connections with the locals, smuggle in supplies, and formulate discontent against vassalage to Istanbul. Instead they preach a common, Christian identity with the Wallachians. This has concerned many Ottomans, what is to be done about it?

-The Georgian question has come to dominate court discussion over the past few months, with a variety of opinions emerging on the matter. Some believe you should put an end to the matter entirely, using your unoccupied troops to seize the territory for yourself, or at very least establish a puppet regime. Others believe Georgian sovereignty should be respected, even if it means a potentially hostile power bordering Anatolia. Still a third group believes Solomon and his allies should be ignored until the end of the larger war, when concrete actions can be taken without worries elsewhere.

Kingdom of Sweden:

-Peace seems to have returned to Stockholm for the time being, but the events of 1758 cannot be forgotten. The new Hat-led administration in the Riksdag is already demanding formal and aggressive actions be taken against the Caps who either tacitly supported the uprising or outright aided it. While this would be a sensible move in order to ensure domestic tranquility, it also risks re-igniting the tensions that led to the rebellion in the first place. What will you do about the insurrection of Stockholm?

-The return of your wife was a most welcome development, though her immediate demand that you end any investigation into her behavior may not be. Investigators believe the Queen was at the center of a vast web of corruption and plotting, sometimes in favor of your decisions and other times opposed, and that ending the investigation without further research would allow her to re-assume her role at the center of scheming. Will you listen to her demands or continue to look into her actions?

-Your men are sieging St. Petersburg and Riga has fallen. For the first time, it appears the Swedish Empire is on the verge of being resurrected. Even so, your forces in Russia are outnumbered by the joint Russo-Polish forces. Clever management will be necessary if you are to prevent this from going the way of the last Swedish attempt to retake the Baltic.

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland:

-Denmark has expanded due to the victory against Sweden. Your most notable gain was the acquisition of part of French India, with officials swarming into the new “Danish India”. Trade routes are being established between it and Denmark itself, but the opportunity for wealth is clearly present. Will you attempt to form regional allies to protect your land from potential local threats?

-Your recognition of Peter III received widespread acclaim from the potential Tsar. He has requested formal military aid in Russia against Catherine, though after the failure of the Russian Liberation Army, some in Copenhagen are skeptical the situation is feasible, let alone practical with Swedish maneuvers in the area. Will you formally aid Peter in the struggle against Catherine?

-You told the Danish people that the issue of serf freedom would be delayed until after the war. With fighting against Sweden over, at least for the time being, people have begun to ask again. With Poland’s radicals freeing the serfs in that realm, the nobles have become much more hostile to the idea, while the people wish to follow the Polish example. What will you do about this very controversial, divisive, and potentially explosive issue?

[Spamage]

Republic of Venice:

-Your humanitarian mission was harassed by soldiers of both sides in their mission to Germany. Imperial soldiers raided supplies and stole food, while members of the German League charged expensive tolls to cross through their territory. In short, though some good was able to be achieved in Bavaria, your efforts have proven inadequate due to the explosion of the fighting. While your prestige is much higher, especially in the eyes of Venetians, some believe the time has come to withdraw (especially with the Plague seemingly en route).

-Several skirmishes occurred with Barbary pirates once more, though they were beaten back by superior Venetian firepower. Even so, the fact they raided is still obnoxious. Some want you to pay their proposed ransom in order for peace on the sea to be established, while others desire raids on pirate ports, burning their vessels and retaking their stolen goods. This would be a provocative action, which is why others are hesitant. What do you believe is the best solution?

-You have been nominated the Secretary of the League of Armed Neutrality. The other members are looking to you for instruction, especially following the concerning move by Prussia, the Ottomans, and Denmark in Russia. How will you respond to this apparent violation of the Treaty of Paris, especially considering Prussian assertions that they believe they did nothing wrong?

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont:

-Your son, the Duke of Savoy, has become a vocal conservative, critical of the events in Poland. His denunciations have become so notable, he has been censured by the Polish National Assembly itself. He urges you to take a more forceful action against the distant realm, perhaps through the formation of an embargo league or coalition in the event Poland attempts to spread its revolution. Others see the matter as a distant issue and have urged him to quiet down. What will you do about it?

-Your soldiers were instrumental in giving the Imperial League some much-needed momentum in Germany during the last few months. With Wurttemburg collapsed, where should your men be deployed next? Some are arguing for another shot at invading Bavaria, others that the men should move north. There is a faction at Court that would like the men home as well. To whom will you listen?

-The Prussian gain of Corsica, and the granting of autonomy to the region, has raised questions in Sardinia about local rights. Some radicals, following the examples in Corsica and Poland, desire their own national assembly, which would limit your rights in the region. This would be damaging to your image, but while their numbers remains small, the potential for this discontented movement to grow remains. Will you listen to local demands for autonomy, ignore the issue, or crack down on such treasonous proposals.

Kingdom of Portugal:

-King Joseph, your realm is prosperous, you are popular, and some feelings of order have returned to the Kingdom after victory in the War of the Grand Coalitions. Yet, that does not mean you are without problems, both in Portugal itself as well as throughout your colonies, that must be addressed. At home, there are growing tensions between the traditional nobility and the "new men".  Sebastião de Melo largely represents the up-and-coming class that has challenged many traditional noble roles in government. Which faction will you side with, keeping in mind it will determine your base of support in Portugal.

-The annexation of Santo Domingo was a diplomatic victory. But, with the island now under Portuguese control, the question of land ownership has arisen. There are many local French plantation owners, yet some Portuguese settlers desire these properties be reappropriated to your traditional subjects, with the French being exiled. They believe the foreigners could be dangerous and difficult to manage, always wanting to return to French-rule on the island. Others argue this would enflame local tensions with too little of a reward. What actions will you take regarding this issue?

-The Spanish have a variety of missions east of the Uruguay River that are quite close to your own holdings in Brazil. The local Jesuits have been working to convert the natives, though some argue that they are doing so at the expense of Portuguese regional control. Sebastião de Melo, your close advisor and friend, has always disdained the Jesuits and urges you to remove them by whatever means necessary, in order to reaffirm Portuguese power. Will you negotiate with the Spanish regarding the border of Brazil? Or perhaps the Jesuits should be removed by force?

Armies & Locations

Kingdom of Prussia
126,396 Royal Army
14,500 Army of Berlin
15,000 men garrisoned
(Can raise 23,000 more)

Kingdom of France
90,000 Army of France
5,000 Army of Quebec
10,000 Army of India
40,000 men garrisoned
(Can raise 100,500 more)

Kingdom of Great Britain
53,232 Army of Ireland
16,000 Army of Britain
28,500 Army of Hanover
15,000 Army & Garrison of the 13 Colonies
9,236 Army of Louisbourg
10,189 Army of Ohio
5,794 Army & Garrison of Australia
(Can raise 10,000 more)

Kingdom of Sweden
49,831 Army of Sweden
8,800 Army of Riga
12,000 men garrisoned
(Can raise 5,000 more)

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland
15,000 Army of Denmark
29,900 Army of Bohemia
(Can raise 32,000 more)

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
25,390 men raised and mobile
8,000 men garrisoned
(Can raise 10,000 more)

Kingdom of Spain
60,000 men raised and mobile
25,000 men garrisoned
15,000 Army & Garrison of New Spain
10,000 Army & Garrison of South America
2,000 Army & Garrison of the Philippines
(can raise 30,000 more)

Russian Empire
122,200 Army of North Russia
129,700 Army of Ukraine
(can raise 5,000 more)

Archduchy of Austria
121,800 Army of Austria
65,420 Army of the Danube
13,500 Tuscan Army
(can raise 0 more)

Ottoman Empire
125,534 Army of the Danube
20,000 Army of Istanbul
20,000 Army of Ukraine
35,000 men garrisoned
(can raise 25,000 more)

Republic of Venice
12,000 men raised and mobile
(can raise 20,000 more)


Kingdom of Portugal
20,000 men raised and mobile
10,000 men garrisoned
6,850 Army of Brazil
(Can raise 20,000 more)


Navies of the World
Kingdom of Great Britain
170 Ships of the Line
123 Frigates

Kingdom of France
107 Ships of the Line
51 Frigates

Kingdom of Spain
57 Ships of the Line
28 Frigates

Kingdom of Portugal
32 Ships of the Line
20 Frigates

Russian Empire
31 Ships of the Line
5 Frigates

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway
22 Ships of the Line
18 Frigates

Kingdom of Sweden
23 Ships of the Line
11 Frigates

Ottoman Empire
18 Ships of the Line
8 Frigates

Republic of Venice
10 Ships of the Line
21 Frigates

Kingdom of Prussia
2 Ships of the Line
5 Frigates

Kingdom of Portugal
32 Ships of the Line
20 Frigates

[Spamage]

ALEXANDER II FLEES POLAND FOR BERLIN! SUBJECTS RIOT!
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ISSUES ULTIMATUM TO PRUSSIA!

Alexander II took the advice of most of the nobles, as well as a few diplomats from other powers, and resolved to abandon the unstable situation in Poland. The King, his wife, and their children fled Warsaw in the dead of night, riding at breakneck pace north towards East Prussia. Upon crossing into Prussian territory the party slowed its pace and moved towards Berlin, ultimately pleading with Frederick of Prussia to offer them refuge from their "tyrannical subjects".

Alexander II left behind a proclamation in Warsaw denouncing the National Assembly and declaring it to be illegal, though very few listened. The Polish people were outraged their King would abandon them for a foreign power, let alone one that seized Polish territory just a few years ago. Alexander was universally denounced throughout his realm and the National Assembly formally suspended his title, launching an inquiry into the situation. It was soon revealed the King had been in correspondence with Prussia for quite some time, asking for a potential haven several months prior to his flight.

This move has fostered strong feelings of nationalism among the Poles and Lithuanians. Thousands of formerly reluctant young men registered with in the National Guard. Statues of the King, and his predecessors, have been ripped down. The tombs of the former Kings of Poland in Krakow were raided with the bodies of former monarchs, ranging from the Jagiellons to Jan Sobieski and Augustus II, were piled together and set aflame, amid dancing and singing. Meanwhile in Warsaw, during the hours following the news of the King's flight being made public, mobs of citizens stormed the royal palaces of the city. The royal guards were brutally executed, being branded traitors and accomplices of Alexander II, and the buildings looted. The King's former estates have been occupied by peasants, claiming the hereditary lands for themselves.

The National Assembly has officially suspended the monarchy in Poland-Lithuania, announcing the commencement of a trial of Alexander II, regardless of whether or not the King is actually present. "We have had enough of treacherous Kings!" proclaimed one assemblyman, amid a standing ovation in the National Assembly, summing up the general mood of the entire body. Over the next few weeks representatives have resolved to hold a series of meetings to determine the future of Poland. Many Radicals have openly expressed their desire to see a non-traditional government established, perhaps even a republic.

Alexander was not the only individual condemned, with the Assembly ordering the Polish Army to withdraw from Russia, stating any soldiers that did not stop fighting for Catherine would be deemed traitors in the eyes of their government. It remains to be seen how the officers and foot-soldiers in Russia will respond to this provocative move.

In the meantime an ultimatum has been issued to Frederick of Prussia on the part of the National Assembly. They desire the return of Alexander II by June 1st, reminding the Prussian King that the first duty of the sovereign is the well-being of his subjects and, by abandoning Poland, Alexander II has committed a breach of trust. Should he not be returned, they will consider him and his heirs as having abdicated. Furthermore the borders with Prussia will be closed to trade and travel. While they make no mention of war, some are apprehensive that could be the long-term outcome.  

With the spread of the Plague, continued War of the Grand Coalitions in Germany, and War of the Three Tsars in Russia, the Polish realm could pose a major threat to any one of its neighbors. How the Assembly wields its power over the coming months, and if it is able to maintain control in perilous Warsaw, will likely have large ramifications for the rest of the Continent.

[Spamage]

IVAN VI MURDERED IN ISTANBUL!

With news of the peace spreading throughout Europe, the widespread feelings of joy in many realms were replaced by one of shock. Ivan VI, the would-be Tsar, rescued from captivity by Prussian Agents at the beginning of the war, was brutally assisinated in Istanbul.

Ivan had been roaming through the streets of the city, taking advantage of relative anonymity, when he was cornered by a man in black and ran through with a sword. By the time his guards arrived and aprehended the suspect, the boy was near death. He survived a couple of hours more, long enough to will that his claim to Russia ought to go to "Frederick, my beloved father".

The boy Tsar had been staying the the Ottoman capitol in order to be protected from potential attacks by either Austrian agents or allies of Catherine. Nevertheless, someone seems to have let the news slip, with the prime suspect being accused as one of the spies for Catherine in Istanbul. Though the man has had his tongue cut out by furious jailors, it is widely attested among Ottoman officials that there is convincing evidence of foreign involvement.

Many mourn for Ivan, who managed to catch up despite years of solitude and isolation. The boy had come to greatly admire Frederick of Prussia, who he reportedly referred to as his "true father". The Cossacks fighting for his cause in Russia have apparently been struck by a high amount of disorder following the news, with some wanting to return home, others hoping to back Peter, and a third ground now in favor of infant Paul.

[Spamage]

News: Jan-Jun 1759

FREE REPUBLIC OF POLAND DECLARED!
MOLDAVIA REBELS FROM OTTOMAN RULE, PROCLAIMS SISTER-REPUBLIC!

When June 1st came and went without the Prussians returning Alexander II, the National Assembly decided to take matters into its own hands. After a period of secret meetings and agreements by the Radical Party, it was universally decided that the monarchy in Poland was finished. A declaration to that effect was decreed on June 5th, amid widespread public celebration. Symbols of royalty were removed from buildings and churches, the crown was melted down, and other monarchs of Europe (Frederick II, Francis of Lorraine, Catherine, Adolf Frederick) were burned in effigy by mobs of jubilant citizens.

Drawing on Poland-Lithuania's history of Royal Elections, the delegates have announced the birth of "the Free Republic of Poland-Lithuania". The National Assembly has been established as the permanent governing body in the realm, with elections henceforth being held every 5 years. Those few Royalists and moderates remaining in the government have been brutally expelled (see above) and, without any real opposition, more reforms have been passed in Poland.

The currency of the realm, facing high inflation, was quickly replaced. Further investigation by several officials has revealed the Prussians to have been shipping in false coins by the wagonload, much to the chagrin of most Poles. The Church has also been facing increased scrutiny, with the size of its domains being cut down. Though it retains the majority of its property for the time being, some officials are already questioning whether religious orders such as the Jesuits ought to be outlawed, viewing them as a waste of potential manpower.

The most shocking incident with the Revolution did not occur in Poland, but beyond its borders. The discontent in Moldavia finally exploded upon news of the Polish Republic reaching Iași. Despite Ottoman attempts at conciliation, the people rose up in the streets, evicting Prince Ioan Teodor Callimachi and denouncing his as an Ottoman lapdog. Garrisons were either expelled or murdered and within days the Republic of Moldavia was declared. One of its first moves was to send envoys to Warsaw to ask for aid. Thus far the Republic of Poland has been silent, but some are terrified it may set a dangerous precedent if it should attempt to spread the Revolution by arms. Ottoman reaction likewise remains to be seen, though they did manage to keep ahold of the coastal region on behalf of their vassal. The potential for conflict in Eastern Europe, so soon after peace in the west, remains very real.

British Settlers Attacked in North America! Iroqouis, Cherokee, and other tribes declare war!

Upset of Britain's determined and rapid expansion in North America, a group of native delegates took their concerns to the British government in London. They demanded an agreement of no further expansion beyond the Appalachians and that no settlers could enter their lands. When George II replied that he would be willing to forbid settlement beyond the Mississippi, but not the Appalachians, they felt insulted and betrayed. After having lost men in the fight against the French, the tribes believed they were more than justified in their demands.

This culminated in disaster for some of the early British settlers in northern New York and across the Appalachians. The Iroqouis, Cherokee, Wabnaki, and many other tribes along the colonial borders have declared war against Britain and brutally raided the small, lightly defended frontier communities. Settlers have been massacred, trade halted, and communication damaged. There are reports of tribal forces assembling, hoping to move the new war into the much more settled lands along the Coast, though the colonists in these areas have been forming militia to stop them. Virginia, New York, New Hampshire, and Georgia have all called for aid from London in ending this new Indian War. Whether or not Britain will be able to defend its new territories will be an important test for the future of North America.

Frederick Buys Hanover, Germans Frightened by the Rapid Growth of his Kingdom!

Prussia has now doubt been on the ascent, with the gains made in the recent treaty only confirming their rise. During the past few years in fact, that realm has enjoyed phoenomenal growth, with gains taken from Sweden, Poland, Saxony, and Austria. While this may cause great joy in Berlin, some other powers on its borders have become frightened for Frederick's expansionism. Their fears were seemingly confirmed when it was announced that the King of Prussia was also purchasing the Kingdom of Hanover from George II, further enlarging his realm. Even members of the German League, ostensible allies of the Prussians, have reportedly been second-guessing their close ties, fearing they are next. While they remain committed to their alliance, they have vocally demanded that Frederick decree his borders to be set at their current limits in Europe. How he responds could determine the dynamic of the German League going forward.

The French Raj

With the gains made in Bengal, the government of France was made aware to the massive potential in India. Following Maratha advancement north, invading one of the minor post-Mughal states, Paris accepted the offer of the remainder of the free territories to become protectorates, in return for the maintenence of most local customs. The local leaders were afraid of losing their newfound independence of the Maratha Confederacy and viewed a French alliance as the lesser of two evils.

French power in Northern India was then confirmed by the sudden, though successful, assault on Delhi. An Expeditionary force of thousands surprised the demoralized capital, which surrendered after only a few weeks of siege. With the Treaty of Delhi, signed shortly afterwards, the descendants of Timur have lost their last realm in the world. Centuries of Mughal rule have come to an end, with the last Emperor killing himself upon learning of the loss of his city. Some have proclaimed a new era in India, the French Raj. Even so, their rule remains confined to the north and powerful local states remain.

The Fate of an Empire

German League (Green), Holy Roman Empire (Blue)

With the signing of peace between Prussia and Austria, the Holy Roman Empire was undoubtedly weakened. Nevertheless, it survived. In the weeks following the agreement most members of the German League took their opportunity and left. This included Mecklenburg, Oldenburg, Hesse-Kassel, Brunswick, Hanover, and others. Most notable however, was the decision of the Duke of Wurttemburg to leave, even though this meant his realm would be cut off from his allies and surrounded by the Empire. For him it was a matter of principle and when the Austrians then refused to return his family, tensions ensued. Wurttemburg and Hohenzollern have been cut off by an Imperial Embargo, the Duke has appealed directly to Prussia to intercede on his behalf, and some fear this could cause further disorder in the Empire.

FRENCH MERCENARIES ARRIVE IN RUSSIA! SWEDES EXPELLED FROM RIGA

Following the attempt by Prussia and her allies to send mercenaries to fight against Catherine in Russia, the French government responded in kind. There was a general feeling in Paris that since the Prussians had viewed it acceptable to send men, France should as well. Thousands of men were assembled at Rouen, primarily German veterans of the Imperial League, and were ferried to Riga, where they assaulted the vastly outnumbered Swedish forces and retook the city. Swedish command in Latvia was too surprised to organize any sort of effective resistance.

Meanwhile, to the east, war continued to rage throughout Russia without any clear winners. Catherine’s men sent to fight the remaining Cossacks in arms were somewhat successful, though many former backers of Ivan VI were determined to keep fighting, only now for Peter III.

A large battle was held between the Swedes and Russians at St. Petersburg though, with it ending up a stalemate. While the Russians enjoyed numerical superiority, they overestimated their advantage due to the sudden arrival of more men to reinforce the Swedish Northern Army. In the resulting Battle of St. Petersburg, thousands on both sides were killed. Russian morale was not helped by thousands of Poles deserting in order to avoid being branded traitors in their homeland. The Swedes held the field, forcing the Russian command to retreat and regroup. They then captured the city, but control little of the surrounding area.  Overall, the fight in the north remains very much in play.

Likewise, the attempt by Catherine to expel Peter III from Moscow was a stalemate. Unlike in the North, here her armies were in a minority, due to surging support for her opponent. Catherine was branded the “Empress of Chains” by her former husband, who reminded the peasants she intended to re-enslave them while he fought for their freedom. In the Battle of Moscow thousands were killed on both sides, with it still remaining unclear who will control Russia. Some have noted that Peter’s losses were quite heavy though, and many of his soldiers have been noted for their laxed discipline following the bloody event.

[Spamage]

Ferdinand VI dies in Madrid! Charles Bourbon Declared Charles III! Third Treaty of Vienna violated?

Spain had been a neutral power throughout the duration of Ferdinand VI's reign, many praising his ability to prevent the deaths of his subjects in an expensive war. The King had not only saved the lives of his people, but expanded his realm due to the purchase of New Orleans from the French. Thus, when he quietly passed away on May 3rd, an intense period of national mourning began. The Royal Funeral in Madrid saw thousands of subjects lining the roadside, crying for their former King. In the immediate aftermath, Elizabeth Farnese set herself up as regent, governing in the name of her eldest son.

Ferdinand VI's death has  brought about great uncertainty in Europe. Before his passing, the late King had decreed that Charles, his half-brother, could maintain both the Spanish and Neapolitan realms despite the Third Treaty of Vienna, which stated they could not be held by one sovereign. Charles, taking the name Charles III of Spain, has proclaimed his intention to hold both Naples and Spain despite open objections by several minor powers, who fear Spain is reviving itself as a Great Power in Europe for the first time since the War of the Spanish Succession. The reactions of the major European powers, Austria and France in particular, will be important in determining whether his decision to restore Spanish sovereignty in Italy stands.

"Francis the Filthy"? Rumors Abound About the Emperor's Affairs

With the loss of Bohemian territory and the Duchy of Pannonia, there were many in Austria who were willing to believe the worst about Francis of Lorraine. When a series of anonymous pamphlets appeared denouncing him and revealing an affair with Maria Wilhelmina von Neipperg, thousands were willing to read. These lurid tales told of Francis abandoning his wife, even during the loss of Vienna, to spend time with his mistress, the Princess of Auersperg.

This story has outraged many conservatives and clergy, especially due to the fact both the Emperor and Princess were married, but many officials have denounced the it as foreign propaganda. Even so, it is notable that Francis’ son and heir Joseph was cold to his father upon his return, reportedly having been informed of the tales by subjects on his way through Bohemia. Many in Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia are now looking to young Joseph as the future of Austria and the Empire, a role he seems to embrace.

PLAGUE SPREADS TO AUSTRIA, BAVARIA, ITALY

Despite joint efforts among Austrian officials to prevent the spread of the Plague, it continued to creep north. The Ottoman tactics in the south, burning whole villages to stop the spread, proved to be effective, with the disease seeming to halt in Greece and Bulgaria before slowly cooling down. Even so, thousands of former subjects lie dead and there are some who were upset over the loss of their property in the fight against the diease.

In the north however, the Austrians watched with horror as the sick and dying appeared first in Vienna, then the recaptured city of Prague, and eventually in Milan. Bavaria likewise witnessed the horror of the disease, thousands alone dying in Munich. Reports are already surfacing that it it spreading west and north, with rulers in Ansbach and Westphalia attempting to divert its frightening advance, though some are questioning what can be done.

[Spamage]

The Concert of Europe

June 1759

Nations, Leaders, & Players:
Russian Empire- Regent Catherine Romanov (Henry Wallace)
Kingdom of France- King Louis XV Bourbon (Windjammer)
Kingdom of Prussia- King Fredrick II Hohenzollern (Lumine)
Archduchy of Austria- Emperor Joseph II Habsburg (Dereich)
Kingdom of Great Britain- King George II of Hanover (DKrol)
Kingdom of Spain- King Charles III Bourbon (LouisvilleThunder)
Ottoman Empire- Sultan Mustafa III Osmanoğlu (Kalwejt)
Kingdom of Sweden- King Adolf Frederick (YPestis25)

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont- King Charles Emmanuel III Savoy (TimTurner)

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland- Frederick V Oldenburg (Kingpoleon)
Republic of Venice- Doge Francesco Loredan (GOTfan)

Kingdom of Portugal- King Joseph I Braganza (Mike88)
United Provinces of the Netherlands- Grand Pensionary Jacob Gilles (Dr. Cynic)

Economic Standings:
Republic of Venice- Strong
Kingdom of Spain- Strong
Kingdom of France- Strong
Kingdom of Portugal- Strong
Kingdom of Great Britain- Strong
Kingdom of Prussia- Moderate
United Provinces of the Netherlands- Moderate
Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland- Moderate
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont-Moderate
Kingdom of Sweden- Moderate
Ottoman Empire- Weak
Archduchy of Austria- Weak
Russian Empire- Very Weak

Popularity:
Frederick II of Prussia- High
Louis XV of France- High
Francesco Loredan of Venice- High
Joseph I of Portugal- High
Joseph II of Austria- High
Charles III of Spain- High
Mustafa III of Ottoman Empire- High
Frederick V of Denmark- Moderate
Jacob Gilles of the Netherlands- Moderate
Adolf Frederick of Sweden- Moderate
George II of Great Britain- Moderate
Charles Emmanuel III- Moderate
Catherine of Russia, Regent- Low

Ongoing Conflicts:
-War of the Three (Two) Tsars: Kingdom of Sweden, Petrine Russia v. Pauline Russia

Russian Empire:

-You have managed to recapture Riga, thanks in large part to French aid, but the war in the north is still yet to be concluded. St Petersburg, the city of Russia’s aspirations to be a western power, sits in the hands of the Swedes. Moscow too remains up in arms, so your Court has been forced to rule from Kiev. Your armies are luckily largely intact, so how will you proceed in the war?

-Several thousand Cossacks, as well as a large group of serfs who fled from their estates, have offered to join your side in the war, but they have several demands. First, the serfs desire you promise them their freedom, as well as that of their families, should they join your side. The Cossacks meanwhile want assurances of local autonomy and lower taxes. Some in Kiev urge you to accept the offer, while other landholding nobles and clergy have demanded you reject it, fearing the precedent set of liberating serfs.

-Several high-profile bishops of the Orthodox Church have approached you, upset over Peter III’s behavior. Your former husband is a devout Lutheran (hence his previous declaration of religious freedom) and makes no secret of his disdain for the Orthodox worship. These clergymen promise you an excommunication of Peter, but only if you will make a universal decree that the Russian Church shall never be taxed. Will you accept their offer?

Archduchy of Austria:

-You have come to the Imperial Throne at long last, Emperor Joseph. After two years in the captivity of Frederick of Prussia, it must no doubt be a relief to finally have your freedom. The wheel of state continues turning however, and there are already issues that must be addressed.  The first matter is Spain’s inheritance of Naples. The Kingdom was once held directly by your grandfather, only being surrendered on the condition that the Bourbons keep it separate from Spain itself. Charles III has just directly defied the Third Treaty of Vienna. How will you respond on behalf of your realm?

-The assembled delegates of the Empire were pleased to hear of you taking the reins of state, your father’s tarnished legacy having cast an air of unease over the assembly. The Diet, afraid of Prussia, is largely receptive to most proposals, especially now most of the dissenters have left the Empire. Do you have any ideas? Furthermore, what city will the Diet now permanently meet in? Some are calling for it to continue in Frankfurt, others for it to be moved back to Rothenburg. Still a third group believes holding it in Vienna itself would be a wise solution.

-Your father’s agricultural policies have had initial success, with the Potato seeming to be quite popular in Bohemia, however some advisors have noted that there is quite a bit of land laying either vacant or untended. These territories were either held by victims of the Plague or are presently occupied by nobles who have bigger concerns elsewhere. Some are advocating a full-blown seizure of the territories and ambitious resettlement. Perhaps the Polish refugees? This could alienate the elites in Austria though, a proposition that could be dangerous in the uncertainty of a new reign.

Kingdom of France:

-Well done King Louis, victory in India has established France as the dominant power in the north. There are new issues having to do with religion, foreign relations, and autonomy that have arisen however. The Jesuits and Pope Benedict XV are demanding you begin the process of forcefully converting your new subjects from the invalid religions of Hinduism and Islam. There are also grave concerns about the expansion of the Maratha Confederacy, which has renounced its alliance with you following the seizure of Delhi. Lastly, there are some who believe the new colony should be turned over to the French Indian Trading Company, perhaps as a way to save money. Others see this as greatly diminishing your control over the region. How will these crises be solved?

-You have conducted a wide variety of economic reforms, which have been positively received by much of the middle classes. Merchants are sending goods throughout all the regions, transportation appears to be faster, and money is flowing in many regions. Even so, there was strong opposition to your actions from the nobility, who see the moves as greatly damaging their remaining shreds of economic influence. Without greater regional autonomy, they lack the ability to make as much money as in the past. Even though they’ve stuck with you through their taxation, as well as the Estates General, their patience has grown quite thin. It does not help that your slandering of the Duke of Orleans after your assassination attempt has made them even more furious.

-There is also unease in the northern Flemish regions of France. Having been annexed to your realm by the force of arms, without sharing language or culture, there are quite a few angry people in your lands. They have been further incensed by the establishment of parochial schools throughout the Kingdom, as the French clergy have insisted on forcing the Flemish children to be taught in French. Placards denouncing you as the devil have been circulated and some are worried a revolt is imminent. What will you with to these unhappy Flemings?

Kingdom of Great Britain:

-War it is! In the Americas your false native allies have murdered your people and damaged your settlements, frustrating attempts at further expansion. The Iroquois, Cherokee, Shawnee, Creek, Wabnaki, and Seminole have banded together in a loose coalition against further British settlement. Though, by the grace of God, your men were sent from Ireland, how will they be used? Which natives will be fought first? Or perhaps it would be better for them to come to you? Colonial officials are waiting for instructions from London.

-Your decision to sell Hanover has had mixed reception. The move was cheered in Parliament, who had come to view that realm as an unnecessary vulnerability on the Continent. Furthermore, they were excited that you chose your British subjects over the Germans, especially with the large gold payment from Prussia. Others saw you as having abandoned your subjects, and are worried they could be traded away on a whim. Austrian rumour-mongering of your being insane has certainly done your public image no favors.

-The Continent of New Holland, which your people have dubbed “Australia”, is growing nicely. Now that the Dutch and you have agreed regions of control, your people do not fear expanding. Even so, every day it become clearer that the native Aborigines resent your presence. Since the arrival of your people they have been pushed from their lands and suffered disease. Some fear if the situation is not addressed soon, you could have another war against your colonists, only this time in Australia instead of North America. What will you do about Australia?

[Spamage]

Kingdom of Prussia:

-Peace has arrived, Prussia has grown, and the Empire has been expelled. Your subjects are excited about the success of your reign Frederick, so much so that they were largely willing to overlook the high bill for Hanover. Prussia’s authority as a Great Power certainly seems to be unchallengeable. Yet, new national concerns have arisen to replace the old. Alexander II and the Polish exiles continually remind you of the upheaval in their homeland, calling for aid to restore the old order. From what your commanders along the border have observed, it does seem that Poland’s armed forces are quite large and intimidating, so you must be careful to not make any mistakes. How will you respond to the birth of the Republic of Poland?

-The Duke of Wurttemburg has requested your personal intercession with Joseph II of Austria to ease the restrictions on his territory and achieve the return of his family. Thus far the Empire has decided to keep the tariffs on trade at unreasonably high levels, admonishing Wurttemburg for leaving, and openly taunted him with the loss of his wife and children. He has always been a personal friend of yours, so how will you aid him?

-Ascension Island has been colonized, a group of hearty Prussians founding the small community of “Friedrichsstadt”. As your realm enters the great colonial game, ambitious advisors are eager for further commands. How and where should Prussia introduce itself to the rest of the world? Some look to Africa, others to Asia and Australia. To where do you look Frederick?

Ottoman Empire:

-An outrage has been committed against you! The vile wretches of Moldova have sought to overturn centuries of benevolent Ottoman guidance, inspired by the actions of a few crazy radicals in Warsaw. The self-proclaimed Republic of Moldova has offered you peace if you withdraw from their region and recognize their independence, potentially avoiding a large war so soon after the plague, though many view this as weakness. They demand Iasi be seized by force and the locals taught a lesson about attempting to defy Turkish rule. Certainly a tough response would send a message to the other minorities in your empire. What will you do?

-As was stipulated in the agreement ending the war with Austria, a trade deal is to be established between you two. The new Duke of Pannonia, a vassal (for now) of yours is especially eager for some sort of deal to be reached, in order to ensure the maximum benefit for his new subjects. Will you send an Ottoman delegation to discuss a deal with the Austrians? If so, what will be your terms?

-Peace against the other powers of Europe seems to have been achieved, with the exception of the unrest in Moldova, and so your Orthodox subjects have once again demanded the taxation system of the realm be reformed. They especially highlight that, with the deaths of thousands in the Plague, you are more reliant on them for revenue than before. Beginning to make other subjects pay their fair share could boost state revenue, though at the expense of some Muslim support.

Kingdom of Sweden:

-You have managed to capture St. Petersburg, restoring Swedish rule to the area for the first time since the reign of Peter I and the humiliation of the Great Northern War. Even so, much work remains King Adolf Frederick. A determined Russian enemy sits outside the city, Riga has been lost, and Catherine’s Court seems to have stabilized in Kiev. With a vast Empire remaining to be subdued before peace can be established, what will you do over the next few months?

-The disloyal Caps have been assembled and tried, per your orders. 21 members of the Riksdag have been found guilty of participating in the insurrection against your rule, and been sentenced to death for their treason. Some in Stockholm want you to commute their punishment, perhaps even pardoning them, in order to placate the opposition. Others believe showing weakness in the face of such an outrage would weaken your rule. What will you do to the rebellious subjects?

-With the Hats, a noble faction, back in control, the land reform effort has become politicized once again. While the program was finally ended in the last weeks of the Cap ministry, the Hats have reopened it and begun to re-legislate land ownership. Thousands of Swedes face eviction from their newly-granted lands if you do not step in, though your new coalition in the Riksdag could be irrevocably damaged should you speak up. What will you decide?

Kingdom of Denmark-Norway-Iceland:

-A scandal has emerged in recent months in Copenhagen, following the acquisition of Danish India. The Danish East India Company has been revealed by several officials to be a hotbed of corruption, where officials were selling the rights to property in India to the highest bidder, ignoring existing owners. Others were embezzling money that ostensibly belonged to the Crown. Some have urged you to shut down the Company, even if it means decreased revenue, while others believe that it ought to be reformed. What will you do about the Company, which has become quite embarrassing?

-You have vocally been in favor of Peter III in Russia, but there is another issue closer to home in regards to the would-be Tsar. As the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Peter is technically the sovereign to quite a bit of territory in the southern part of your Kingdom. Should he seize the throne of Russia, undoubtedly the region would ignore technical Danish control and look to St. Petersburg for instructions. Some are calling on you to revoke the titles from him, others to extract it in return for financial support in his fight against Catherine (though this would violate the treaties signed throughout Europe). How will you respond to the potential loss of Holstein-Gottorp?

-The deportation of potential traitors in the former war has proceeded with mixed results. Some have been deported, per your command, to Greenland and Iceland. Others are refusing to go, however, pleading for mercy. They do not wish to leave their homeland for a faraway, uncertain exitance. Officials in Copenhagen are urging you to hold firm, though your wife has requested you show them mercy. What will you do?

[Spamage]

Republic of Venice:

-Several Polish diplomats have arrived in Venice, greatly admiring your efforts to make the Venetian Republic more representative. The Free Republic of Poland has officially requested an alliance with your Serene Republic, arguing that fellow republics must stand together against the stain of monarchism across Europe. While there are some ambitious officials who were quick to back the agreement, others fear the potential for Venice to be drawn into an uncertain war in the future. How will you respond to these Polish diplomats?

-With the War of the Grand Coalitions now a thing of the past, some are questioning whether the League of Armed Neutrality should be ended as well. Numerous members have expressed their desire to leave, though some in Venice believe allowing it to end leaves opportunities unrealized, such as potential trade agreements or military cooperation against the pirates. Still, with no major war, it is quite difficult to justify a coalition of neutral powers.

-The Plague has entered your realm, though Venice itself remains clean. There are widespread reports of deaths across northern Italy including Verona and Ferrara. If such a large disruption is not dealt with, and dealt with effectively, not only could the Plague spread, but economic damage could be lasting. How will you work to rid your fellow citizens of this wretched curse?

Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont:

-Your declaration of the rights of your people has been met with universal acclaim. Subjects across the land have celebrated your rule and your image has been greatly aided by the move. The largest opponent of the move was your son and heir, though. He has been infuriated by your action, which he sees as caving into the pressure of the rabble and tying his hands for his future reign. His fears may have been confirmed, with some now demanding that you create some sort of national legislative body in order to provide oversight to the affairs of Sardinia and Piedmont. How will you respond? The conservatives are demanding your refuse.

-With the Spanish inheritance of Naples, the ominous specter of Spain in Italy has returned after many decades. As the Duke of Parma, in addition to King of Naples and Spain, Charles III has lands quite near to your domain, causing great fear among your subjects. Will you demand he surrender the crown of Naples or perhaps attempt to work with Spain instead in order to keep your people safe?

-Some advisors suspect foreign involvement in the growing discontent on the island of Sardinia. Locals are agitating for an entirely separate government from Piedmont (along the lines of Corsica and Prussia). Mysterious pamphlets have appeared in Cagliari and some suspect that other supplies are being smuggled into the locals. Poland,Britain, Prussia, Spain, France, or the Ottomans would be the prime suspects, though thus far your spies have been unable to narrow the list any further. How will you deal with this Sardinian opposition. Some at Court are urging decisive and brutal repression in order to crush any rising before it is organized.

Kingdom of Portugal:

-The Tavora family has been dutifully disposed of, much to the horror of many of the old nobles in Portugal. Pombial is seen as having cemented his influence over your person due to your acquiesence to the move and it has antagonized the upper classes. Some believe they should be courted over the next few months in response, perhaps offering some sort of noble privilidges to placate them. Others believe you should seek to cultivate allies in the middle and lower classes of Portugal. What will you decide?

-The annexation of Santo Domingo was a diplomatic victory. But, with the island now under Portuguese control, the question of land ownership has arisen. There are many local French plantation owners, yet some Portuguese settlers desire these properties be reappropriated to your traditional subjects, with the French being exiled. They believe the foreigners could be dangerous and difficult to manage, always wanting to return to French-rule on the island. Others argue this would enflame local tensions with too little of a reward. What actions will you take regarding this issue?

-The Spanish have a variety of missions east of the Uruguay River that are quite close to your own holdings in Brazil. The local Jesuits have been working to convert the natives, though some argue that they are doing so at the expense of Portuguese regional control. Sebastião de Melo, your close advisor and friend, has always disdained the Jesuits and urges you to remove them by whatever means necessary, in order to reaffirm Portuguese power. Will you negotiate with the Spanish regarding the border of Brazil? Or perhaps the Jesuits should be removed by force?

Kingdom of Spain:

-Welcome to Spain, King Charles. You have been blessed with the surprising death of your brother, which has left the Spanish Crown free for the taking. This technically violates the Third Treaty of Vienna, regardless of your brother’s decision to allow you to restore the personal union of Spain and Naples. While the nobles of both realms generally support your rights to the titles, the reaction of the other powers of Europe remains to be seen. Some cautious members of your entourage believe you should abandon Naples to a younger brother or son, while loyalists believe you are entitled by divine right to rule both Kingdoms. What will your answer be to the Neapolitan question?

-Your mother, the former Queen Elizabeth Farnese, was largely sidelined during the reign of your half-brother, who had her banished from Court. Her vocal calls for Spain to involve itself in the War of the Grand Coalition went largely unanswered, further demonstrating how much influence in Spanish politics she has lost. Now, with your reign, she has requested to return to Court, in order to help support your government. While she brings with her experience, as well as connections, her presence will also remind Spaniards of the last years of your father's reign, which were not viewed entirely positively. Will you welcome your mother or keep her from Madrid?

-Spain has a vast colonial empire. Stretching from California to the Philippines, Spanish vessels are in every sea. While your late brother sponsored missions to expand California, other regions were largely neglected, allowed to remain in statis. With your new reign, some are calling on you to reassert Spanish dominance by expanding your presence in the East Indies, New Orleans, and South America. Colonies are not cheap though, and others in Madrid believe it would be best to hold off on active expansion for the time being. What is your policy going to be in regards to the Spanish Empire?