Equal Voting Weight of All: Finally 'One Person, One Vote' from Hawaii to Maine?This paper from the Temple Law Review studies the mathematics of congressional apportionment, and notes that the problem is the unnecessary assumption of "one representative one vote", and how this can be resolved by weighted voting.
Based on the 2000 apportionment, 212 representatives (48.7%) represented a majority of the US population.
It includes with a review of court cases and concludes that weighted voting would be legal for Congress. The court cases where weighted voting has been rejected are all in extreme cases.
