Polish Politics and Elections

[Oliver]

Does the Left Alliance NL need 5% for parties or 8% for alliances to gain seats within the parliament?

29% in

PIS 40
CC 26,4
TW 14,1
NL 8
C 7,3

[Oliver]

I've found a table on en.wikipedia.org (2023_Polish_parliamentary_election) which shows the results of the parties and independents within a list:

For example:

   New Left   1,199,503   5.55   19   −17
   Left Together   453,730   2.10   7   +1
   Independents and others   205,785   0.95   0   −5

The Left      Total   1,859,018   8.61   26   −23

How is this table calculated?

Can voters of "The Left" indicate if they support New Left or Left Together?

[Oliver]

Do the voters see which party the candidate they vote belongs to?

[Oliver]

Apparently, lists consist of more than one political parties. But why do some lists run as coalitions (alliances) which enter the parliament if and only if their vote share exceeds the 8% threshold?

What is the advantage of forming an alliance? There are only drawbacks (8% instead of 5%).

Do the voters see which party the candidate they vote belongs to?

Ballot cards didn't show party of candidate, but official lists of candidates contained professions, localities of residence and parties of candidates.