.does the state have the right/authority to incarcerate based upon the protection of its citizens?
No. And that's not what it does today, anyway. It imprisons those who offend the precious moral sensibilities of its citizens, to give them the primal feeling of justification.Surely, in most cases. But whether in the remaining cases it intends to or not, its imprisonment of some does serve the protective purpose, at least in part.
1. Seriously, tone it down some. I realize that generally, I'm a pretty big asshole, but don't remind me of it. The mirror does it plenty.
2. That's a tougher question. Assuming the whole process was fraudulent (as you and many posters have said or seem to), my first thought would be that he was convicted because of his nation of origin, not his religion. I don't know if I'd make the leap (perhaps you wouldn't call it a leap, but a mere step...its not unreasonable to do) to say Libyan=Muslim and thus he was convicted because he was a
Libyan...Muslim.
3. Now others have said, both on the boards and persons in the real world stating the convicted was innocent that this could have been an Iranian plot. So perhaps you might be correct in that someone ultimately would have been convicted, and that person or persons would have been Muslim. That brings me to a fork in the road...on one side is the path that because of the West's actions (or Anglo-American, or just American actions) someone from the Muslim world would have been fired up to do this, the other seems more nebulous to me...the American need for a constant cause of war in that region dictated that the patsy was always to be a muslim. I'm much more inclined to go with the simpler, first path, but if there's a road I'm missing, I'm sure you or another poster will point that out.