I doubt the election could be held with most of the country in an apocalyptic state, covered in ashes. Most likely it is suspended or postponed and some sort of emergency government leads the nation for a period of time.
It can't be postponed. There is no legal mechanism to do so. The new Congress must take office January 3rd and the new president January 20th.
Be that as it may, there is literally no mechanism
to hold new elections in the event of a super volcanic eruption.
Wyoming for one has ceased to be a functioning entity. Colorado, Montana, Utah, and Idaho have all been destroyed by ashfall big enough to collapse buildings in their largest population centers. Logistics systems between much of Chicago and San Francisco are severely disrupted, including large scale damage to agriculture and industrial equipment. The death toll due to the immediate volcanic eruption, ashfall, logistical collapse, post-ashfall silicosis, and then global winter would be unimaginable. The country would be fighting for survival.
So this is very much a case where the government would go "sorry the constitution just doesn't count right now" and most would probably think we're justified in doing so.
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