Is it a violation of religious rights to mark a student as wrong for saying Earth is 10k years old?

[Sprouts Farmers Market ✘]

No, but it's a violation of teaching duty to test and evaluate student skill based on what amounts to trivia. That's what is always so funny about these hypotheticals. I know classroom instruction is a failure in the vast majority of this country, but you can at least see if students are capable of thinking (which still involves a lot of regurgitation admittedly but is more convincing than OP's argumentation style and teaches how and why).

E.g., "name three pieces of evidence that substantiate that the age of the earth is X." Evidence doesn't mean that they have to admit something that contradicts what they want to believe. If they fail to answer, that is objectively incorrect. There is evidence of things that are not ultimately true. It might even be funnier to add a question for evidence of 10,000 years and let the students laugh at it for themselves. Certainly teaches how to evaluate sources and remember why something is correct.

Trivia will disappear when they only know alternative facts from the deep web. Contrarians will intentionally oppose what authority tells them if they fail to develop their own rational agency.