If I remember correctly one of the reason (the other was angry unions at home) that VW tried to push unions, was because they was completely unable to keep the good workers, because of the lousy work place "climate", which harmed their product quality, and put their brand value at risk. Setting up the union was an attempt to improve this by getting input from the workers. So this vote may result in them leaving the South. Of course before people become to happy about this, it just mean that they expand the production in Mexico, which have been able to deliver an acceptable quality in the products.