One Nation of People: A Socialist Party TL

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"America is a nation of people above all else. The powerful wish to clamp down on American ideals. The Socialist Party of America has stood against these for over 100 years. We have been through thick and thin. Let us look back and see the history of our party and how we made America the land of the free."

- Representative Amelia Howard(S-GA) at the 2020 SNC.

The Socialist Party of America is a socialist political party. Founded by Eugene Debs in 1898, the party has been a major party since the election of 1912. Once a minor political party, it has since become one the worlds largest parties.

-From the Wikipedia article on the Socialist Party of America

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1900 Election

In 1900 the Republican Ticket of William McKinley and Charles Fairbanks defeated William Jennings Bryan and Adali Stevenson. This Election was the first time the Socialist Party nominated a candidate.

Final Results:

William McKinley(R-OH)/Charles Fairbanks(R-IN) 267 EVs 49.71%
William Jennings Bryan(D-NE)/Adali Stevenson(D-IL) 180 EVs 46.88%
John Woolley(P-IL)/Henry Metcalf(P-RI) 0 EVs 1.62%
Eugene V. Debs(S-IN)/Job Harriman(S-CA) 0 EVs 0.71%
Wharton Baker(Pop-PA)/Ignatius Loyola Donnelly(Pop-MN) 0 EVs 0.47%
Joseph Francis Malloney(SLP-MA)/Valentine Remmel(SLP-PA) 0 EVs 0.32%
Others 0 EVs 0.29%

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1900 House and Senate Elections

House of Representatives

Republican: 172 Seats
Democratic: 171 Seats
Populist: 13 Seats
Silver Republican: 1 Seat

Senate

Republican: 52 Seats
Democratic: 31 Seats
Populist: 2 Seats
VACANT: 5 Seats

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Assassination of William McKinley

On September, 6th, 1901 an unknown assassin shot William McKinley. McKinley was fatally shot and Died on October, 3rd, 1901. They caught a suspect, Leon Czolgosz, but due to having a fairly solid alibi, he was let go. Leon died an old man on November, 11th, 1962. Charles Fairbanks therefore became president.

The Fairbanks presidency

Fairbanks governed as a conservative. Upon the death of Horace Gray he appointed Henry E. Burnham to the court. To replace him in the Senate, Cyrus A. Sulloway was appointed. When George Shiras Jr. retired, he appointed Chauncey Depew. To replace Depew, Arthur S. Tompkins was elected.

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1902 Midterms:

These Midterms were the First time a Socialist got a State Representative Seat. This one is in Manhattan.

House:

Democratic: 197 Seats
Republican: 181 Seats
Populist: 5 Seats
Independent: 3 Seats

Senate:

Republicans: 49 Seats
Democratic: 40 Seats
Populist: 1 Seat

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1904 Presidential Election
In 1904, President Fairbanks was up for re-election. He chose Governor William Taft for the Vice-Presidency. Alton Parker was nominated in a close vote and chose opponent William Jennings Bryan to be Vice-President. Parker ran an attacking campaign but Ultimately came up just short being down by 2,500 votes in New York.

Charles Fairbanks(R-IN)/William H. Taft(R-OH) 243 EVs 44.87%
Alton Parker(D-NY)/William J. Bryan(D-NE) 233 EVs 47.91%
Eugene V. Debs(S-IN)/Benjamin Hanford(S-NY) 0 EVs 3.71%
Silas C. Swallow(P-PA)/George W. Carroll(P-TX) 0 EVs 2.17%
Thomas E. Watson(P-GA)/Thomas H. Tibbles(P-NE) 0 EVs 1.06%
Charles H. Corregan(S-NY)/William W. Cox(S-IL) 0 EVs 0.27%
Others 0 EVs 0.01%

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Best Socialist Performances in 1904:

Carbon County Montana gave the Socialists 27.79% of the votes making it the most Socialist County in the Nation.

The Socialists also outran Fairbanks in the Following States:

-Montana
-Idaho
-Nevada
-Utah
-Florida

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1904 Downballot Races

House:
Democratic: 219 Seats
Republican: 165 Seats
Populist: 2 Seats

Senate:
Democratic: 46 Seats
Republican: 43 Seats
Populist: 1 Seat

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The Overturning of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act:

In 1905, the Supreme Court heard a case between John Rockefeller and the US Government about US Steel being a monopoly. In a 5-4 vote, the Supreme Court overturned the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

Unsurprisingly, this destroyed the Republicans in both 1906 and 1910. The Socialists would even get their first house seats and their first mayors of large towns. This has been considered a huge part in the fall of the Republican Party.

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1906 Milwaukee Mayoral Election:

In 1906, the first ever Socialist Mayor of a city, Emil Seidel, was elected in a close three way election. Due to the overturning of the Sherman Anti-Trust act, the Republicans placed third.

Results:

Emil Seidel(Socialist) 35.81%
David Rose(Democratic)(Incumbent) 35.41%
Sherburn M. Becker(Republican)[1] 24.71%
Others 4.07%

[1] Becker was OTLs last Republican to become mayor of Milwaukee. Here it is instead William C. Rauschenberger

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1906 Congressional Elections:[1]

House:
Democratic: 219 Seats
Republican: 171 Seats
Socialist: 1 Seat[2]

Senate:
Democratic: 51 Seats
Republican: 40 Seats
Populist: 1 Seat

[1] Includes Oklahoma

[2] Victor Berger as OTL is the first Socialist Member of Congress

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1908 Democratic Convention

In 1908, the Democratic Party chose Two-time Presidential Candidate William Jennings Bryan for President alongside Senator John Kern for Vice President. Most People considered them very likely to win.

1908 Republican Convention

In 1908, the Republican Party chose Vice President William Taft alongside Former Representative James Sherman to run for office. Only the Most Republican of hacks expected to win.

1908 Socialist Convention

In 1908, The Socialist Party chose Two-Time Presidential Candidate Eugene Debs alongside Mayor Emil Seidel to run.

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1908 Presidential Election

William Jennings Bryan(D-NE)/John Kern(D-IN) 386 EVs 57.95%
William Howard Taft(R-OH)/James Sherman(R-NY) 97 EVs 36.16%
Eugene V. Debs(S-IN)/Emil Seidel(S-WI) 0 EVs 4.18%
Eugene Chafin(P-IL)/Arron Watkins(P-OH) 0 EVs 0.95%
Thomas Hisgen(I-MA)/John Graves(I-GA) 0 EVs 0.38%
Thomas Watson(P-GA)/Samuel Williams(P-IN) 0 EVs 0.24%
August Gillhaus(S-NY)/Donald L. Munro(S-VA) 0 EVs 0.12%
Others 0 EVs 0.02%

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1908 Downballot Elections

House

Democratic: 247 Seats
Republican: 140 Seats
Socialist: 3 Seats
Independence: 1 Seat

Senate

Democratic: 55 Seats
Republican:37 Seats

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How the loser wins: 1908



Interestingly flipping New York(the tipping point state) ends up flipping the Electoral Vote 

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The Kern Anti-Trust Act

In May of 1909, President Bryan made a proposal to congress about a new Anti-Trust Act which he sent via Vice President Kern. It contained many provisions about the old Sherman Anti-Trust Act and was very popular among voters. It even expanded upon these old provisions to make sure it was able to stand the test of time.

As a result, this act passed Congress 312-79 in the House and 79-13 in the Senate

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The Kern Anti-Trust Act

In May of 1908, President Bryan made a proposal to congress about a new Anti-Trust Act which he sent via Vice President Kern. It contained many provisions about the old Sherman Anti-Trust Act and was very popular among voters. It even expanded upon these old provisions to make sure it was able to stand the test of time.

As a result, this act passed Congress 312-79 in the House and 79-13 in the Senate

Shouldn't that be May 1909? Bryan was elected in 1908.

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The Kern Anti-Trust Act

In May of 1908, President Bryan made a proposal to congress about a new Anti-Trust Act which he sent via Vice President Kern. It contained many provisions about the old Sherman Anti-Trust Act and was very popular among voters. It even expanded upon these old provisions to make sure it was able to stand the test of time.

As a result, this act passed Congress 312-79 in the House and 79-13 in the Senate

Shouldn't that be May 1909? Bryan was elected in 1908.

Yeah I'll fix it real quick

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1909 New York Mayor Election


William Jay Gaynor(Democratic) 38.95%
Otto T. Bannard(Republican) 32.43%
William Randolph Hearst(Civic League) 18.75%
Joseph Cassidy(Socialist) 9.87%

The Socialists also gained more seats than the Republicans in the City Council due to Socialist votes being Consolidated in a small area rather than the Republicans being spread across the city.

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1910 Congressional Elections:

House:
Democratic: 227 Seats
Republican: 156 Seats
Socialist: 7 Seats
Populist: 1 Seat[1]

Senate:
Democratic: 51 Seats
Republican: 41 Seats

[1]: IOTL, The Populist Party dissolved after the 1908 Elections. Here it instead holds on for a little longer.

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1911 Seattle Mayoral Election:

In 1911, The First Recall Election occurred in Settle when Hiram Gill placed  Charles "Wappy" Wappenstein as Police Chief. The Results Were as Follows:

Should Hiram Gill be Recalled?:
Yes: 64.19%
No: 35.81%

Who Should he be replaced by?:
State Representative William Z. Foster: 31.75%
Ernest Lister: 29.17%
Lawyer Miles Poindexter: 24.95%
Marion E. Hay: 8.75%
Eugene Chafin: 5.38%[1]

[1] Chafin had a habit of pulling a Rocky De La Fuente

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1912 Conventions:

In 1912, a Presidential Election was upcoming. Each of the Large Parties nominated candidates:

1912 RNC:

After 5 Ballots, New York Governor Theodore Roosevelt triumphed over Former Vice President William Howard Taft and Wisconsin Senator Robert M. LaFollette. He Chose State Legislator William Borah as his running mate. In spite of this, He Would not be on the Ballot in Idaho.

1912 DNC:

President William Jennings Bryan and Vice-President John Kern were renominated with little opposition.

1912 SNC:

Once Again, Former State Senator Eugene Victor Debs was nominated as the Socialist Candidate for President with little opposition. For Vice President the Convention chose Labor Organizer Bill Haywood.

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1912 Campaign:

The 1912 campaign was the first ever campaign where all major parties did an active campaign. The Three Campaigns were wildly different however.

Roosevelt's Campaign:

Roosevelt ran a campaign calling President Bryan a Radical. He also stated plans to sign a Treaty with the United Kingdom. This would have massive ramifications for America.

Bryan's Campaign:

Bryan ran a Campaign stating  that the Republicans were untrustworthy with the Presidency and that you shouldn't change a horse midstream.

Debs Campaign:

Debs ran a Campaign stating that neither Bryan or Roosevelt were the right choice for America and that Socialism was the way through the future.

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1912 Results:

Theodore Roosevelt(R-NY)/William Borah(R-ID) 285 EVs 41.83%
William Jennings Bryan(D-NE)/John Kern(D-IN) 245 EVs 46.08%
Eugene V. Debs(S-IN)/Bill Haywood(S-CO) 0 EVs 8.31%
Eugene W. Chafin(P-WA)/Aaron S. Watkins(P-OH) 0 EVs 2.31%
Thomas E. Watson(P-GA)/John Burke(P-ND) 0 EVs 0.46%
Arthur E. Reimer(S-MA)/August Gillhaus(S-NY) 0 EVs 0.37%
Others 1 EV 0.64%

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1912 Downballot Races:

House:
Democratic: 231 Seats
Republican: 183 Seats[1]
Socialist: 12 Seats
LaFollette Republican: 9 Seats[1]

Senate:
Democratic: 49 Seats
Republican: 44 Seats[1]
LaFollette Republican: 3 Seats[1]

[1] After this Election, the Republican Party experienced a very real split between the more Right-Wing "National Republican" and more Left-Wing "LaFollette Republican" groups. While listed separately here and in the 1914 page, the Split would not be formalized until the Election of 1916. This is part of why the Republican Party collapsed after 1930