It has to be considered who is in the intellectual class and why.
Prior to a certain point, the only people who got higher education were mostly people who were already rich and this would create a skew of its own. Add to that the dominance sources of employment for higher educated people would have been business or industrial related either directly or as professionals that serviced said industrial economy, so it all ties back both demographically and economically to a pro-Republican stance.
This began to change in the 1930s with greater government support for academia and other similar fields, meaning that finance and industry were not the only game in game and the supporting cast of professionals thus serviced a combination of business and government related industries as well.
Add to that the effects of the GI bill and the gaining of access to higher education by more and more non-WASPs, and over time you get a shift towards the Democrats and the left.
I don't think this was true back then. Most of the famous 19th century industrialists and inventors weren't college graduates. Vanderbilt didn't even
learn to read until he was in retirement! Education in that era was something you did for social status after becoming wealthy, not something that brought wealth. On a middle class level, it was pursued by people who wanted to be local schoolteachers or professors or lawyers, not by people who wanted to become wealthy in industry.
It took quite a while for production and management to get complicated enough to make higher education more beneficial than work experience for aspiring business owners, let alone required to become wealthy in industry. You could say we are only just now seeing the political impact of a world where education is what makes most people rich.