The 42nd President, H. Ross Perot
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  The 42nd President, H. Ross Perot
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West_Midlander
Junior Chimp
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« on: May 29, 2020, 11:04:16 PM »
« edited: May 29, 2020, 11:08:27 PM by West_Midlander »

The 42nd President, H. Ross Perot

WASHINGTON — The President had made his intention to veto NAFTA abundantly clear. The 42nd President of the United States, H. Ross Perot, vetoed NAFTA on this day, December 8th, 1993. The NAFTA legislation previously passed the House by a vote of 230-204 with 152 Democrats voting against the legislation and with 102 voting in favor. The Republican House caucus overwhelmingly voted for the bill by a vote of 132-43 and sole House Independent, Rep. Sanders (I-Vt.), voted against the bill.

In the Senate, the NAFTA bill had passed by a vote of 61-38, with a slim 28-27 majority against the bill in the Democratic caucus. The Republican caucus again massively supported the bill with a vote of 34-10 and a sole Democrat did not vote on the legislation.


Supporters of the President are pictured in Washington in support of Perot's decision to veto



Source - Bilaterals.org / The Conversation
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West_Midlander
Junior Chimp
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« Reply #1 on: May 29, 2020, 11:29:06 PM »

The 1992 election and the Defeat of NAFTA

Ross Perot never drops out of the race and remains the frontrunner.

1992 US presidential election
Perot 38.97%
Clinton 32.72%
Bush 26.50%



Perot - 377 electoral votes
Clinton - 124 electoral votes
Bush - 37 electoral votes

Perot holds 'fireside chats' over the radio and on television against NAFTA throughout his presidency until he vetoes the bill. Public opinion is significantly affected as a result.

November 1993 Poll

Do you approve of or disapprove of NAFTA?

Disapprove 48%
Approve 29%
Unsure 23%

Another poll but without undecideds

Disapprove 64%
Approve 36%
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Canis
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« Reply #2 on: May 30, 2020, 01:09:31 AM »

Yes! Please continue!
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Orwell
JacksonHitchcock
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« Reply #3 on: May 30, 2020, 01:18:03 AM »

Oh great, a demogauge has convinced a large minority of Americans that something/someone is out to get them.
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« Reply #4 on: May 30, 2020, 08:30:15 PM »

Oh great, a demogauge has convinced a large minority of Americans that something/someone is out to get them.

Ross Perot>>>>>Donald Trump
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West_Midlander
Junior Chimp
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« Reply #5 on: June 02, 2020, 09:32:11 AM »

The Early Perot Administration

1993-1994

January 21 – Pres. Perot began putting together a team of doctors and health policy experts to work on his national health insurance plan. Perot's ultimate goal was to expand Medicare to all Americans.

January 22 – Perot signed an executive order annulling abortion restrictions established under the Reagan & Bush administrations.

Early February – Perot made his first radio address to the American people as President, met with America's Governors, and with the Canadian and British Prime Ministers.

Late February – Sources say Perot is considering forming his own political party to elect like-minded allies.

Democrats had retained control of the House and Senate during the 1992 elections as Perot stood alone in that election. Support for him still had to break for the two major parties down-ballot.

Perot entered talks with congressional Democrats on his vision for a major education reform package and he assembled a team of Department of Education officials, teachers, and researchers at this time as well (February-March 1993).

Perot's education reform bill was signed into law. The bill included expanding the school day by 30 minutes and expanding the school year by ten days in areas not operated under year-round calendars.

Perot's education bill received support from both parties, though a slim majority of the GOP voted against the plan. Some Republicans supported the bill after Perot agreed to reduce the daily time increase in addition to reducing the school year's expansion from 210 to 190 days.

Perot's legislation was signed into law in May of 1994. He had also made the reform package the primary subject of one of his State of the Union addresses. Perot's education law also created a small fund to provide states and grassroots organizations with monies with which to fight adult illiteracy.

Perot's bill mandated the adoption of new, intensive testing standards and did not allow athletes to play sports if they did not have passing grades. Perot's education bill was perceived as heavy-handed by conservatives, so states and school districts were allowed to opt-out, though Perot lambasted those in the GOP who "are only tough on crime but not tough on illiteracy, not tough on the education lag."


Ross Perot explaining the new education plan to the American people, from the White House

Source: CBS 58 - Associated Press
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West_Midlander
Junior Chimp
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« Reply #6 on: June 04, 2020, 09:34:57 AM »
« Edited: June 05, 2020, 01:01:01 PM by West_Midlander »

The Lead up to the 1996 Election

Perot signed his gas tax increase proposal into law in the fall of 1994, applauding the Congress for passing the measure which he insists will be a boon in the great effort that is reducing the national debt. The President's proposal calls for a gas tax increase of 50 cents over the course of five years at an amount of 10 cents annually.

The President oversaw the passage of the balanced budget amendment into law in June of 1995. The balanced budget amendment passed with widespread support in both parties. The amendment was ratified into the Constitution in the Spring of 1996, one of the quickest ratifications ever.

The Democratic Party narrowly retained the Senate by a margin of 51-49. The party also faced heavy losses in the House, holding onto only a slim majority of 219 seats. The Republicans won 215 seats and sole Independent, Rep. Sanders, was re-elected.

Perot officially formed his "Reform Party" in December of 1995. The party's official platform prescribes a centrist position, commonly referred to as 'radical centrism,' and has many populist elements. The platform also calls for electoral reform, which was a tenant of Perot's 1992 campaign platform. Perot and his allies began working toward ballot access for the party and fielding some candidates. The Reform Party entered an agreement with the Democratic Party, founded out of the President's cooperation with that party over the course of his term. The terms of the deal include the Reform Party's agreement to not run against Democratic incumbents in 1996 through 1998, with the potential for a new arrangement to be negotiated out at that time. In exchange, Perot would be allowed to run for the Democratic Party nomination in 1996 as an unaffiliated non-member and would essentially be a fusion-ticket candidate for President if successful in his fight for the nomination. Perot also stated his party would only contest open seats in 1996 in an effort to not sour relations too badly with the GOP, despite the upcoming presidential contest. Perot has often relied on Republican votes (ex. on the Balanced Budget Amendment) but has been able to work with the left on the gas tax which is viewed as primarily an environmental effort in those circles. Additionally, the populist left (read: Bernie Sanders wing) opposes NAFTA and shares some of Perot's goals.

After much personal deliberation, Pres. Perot vetoed the Glass-Steagall repeal and strongly regulated the Construction Financial Management Association (CFMA) (preventing the formation of the housing bubble and the Great Recession).



After losing in 1992, Bill Clinton had gone home to Arkansas and won re-election in 1994, however, his political career came crashing down in 1996 in connection to Whitewater (in a similar fashion to then Arkansas Gov. James Guy Tucker Jr). This also befell any future political career sought by Mrs. Clinton.

Perot, wanting to keep the balance of the Court, appointed Mario Cuomo to White's seat in 1993 and Edith Brown Clement to Blackmun's seat in 1994.


Sources: Wikipedia Commons
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Fanofeverything25
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« Reply #7 on: June 04, 2020, 06:00:41 PM »

can we see the perot cabinet?
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West_Midlander
Junior Chimp
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« Reply #8 on: June 04, 2020, 08:06:45 PM »
« Edited: June 08, 2020, 10:27:19 AM by West_Midlander »


Sure.

The Ross Perot Cabinet1

1: Not a complete list

Vice President: James Stockdale (REF-CA)
Secretary of State: David Boren (DEM-OK)
Attorney General: Elizabeth Dole (REP-NC)
Secretary of the Treasury: Pat Choate (REF-DC)
Secretary of Defense: Colin Powell (REF-NY)
Secretary of Commerce: Orson G. Swindle III (REF-GA)
Secretary of Housing & Urban Development: Marcy Kaptur (DEM-OH)
U.S. Ambassador to NATO: Richard Lamm (DEM-CO)
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations: Condoleezza Rice (REP-AL)

Perot had difficulty finding willing nominees, being a third-party, and formerly an Independent President (and candidate). As such, Bush's nominees remained in some major posts (in an acting capacity) for up to several months while the search to fill some posts continued. Perot searched for talent beyond his allies and in both parties. He was in such a qualm because his search for cabinet posts really could not pass his inner circle until after he won. No one in either major party would take the offer of a cabinet post seriously from a then Independent candidate until he won.

Also: Perot signed the 1994 crime bill due to his pro-gun control and tough-on-crime stance.
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Captain Chaos
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« Reply #9 on: June 04, 2020, 08:54:03 PM »

A President cannot sign a constitutional amendment into law. It it passes Congress, it immediately goes to the states for ratification.
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West_Midlander
Junior Chimp
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« Reply #10 on: June 04, 2020, 09:08:19 PM »

A President cannot sign a constitutional amendment into law. It it passes Congress, it immediately goes to the states for ratification.
My bad. Fixed.
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Andrew Yang 2024
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« Reply #11 on: June 04, 2020, 09:22:20 PM »

This is really good! Keep it up!
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West_Midlander
Junior Chimp
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« Reply #12 on: June 07, 2020, 01:21:17 PM »
« Edited: June 07, 2020, 01:36:05 PM by West_Midlander »


Thank you!

The State of the Democratic Race, 1996

January 1, 1996

Major candidates
- Jerry Brown, Mayor of Oakland, CA, Fmr. Gov. of California, 1992 Democratic Candidate
- Paul Tsongas, Fmr. Senator from Massachusetts, 1992 Democratic Candidate
- Al Gore, U.S. Senator from Tennessee, 1992 Vice-Presidential Nominee, 1992 Democratic Candidate
- Bill Bradley, U.S. Senator from New Jersey
- Ross Perot1, 42nd President of the United States

Withdrew
- Lloyd Bensten, U.S. Senator from Texas, 1988 Democratic Vice-Presidential Nominee
- Jesse Jackson, U.S. Shadow Senator from the District of Columbia, 1984 & 1988 Democratic Candidate
- Jay Rockefeller, U.S. Senator from West Virginia

Declined to run
- Tom Harkin, U.S. Senator from Iowa, 1992 Democratic Candidate
- Bob Kerrey, U.S. Senator from Nebraska, 1992 Democratic Candidate
- Doug Wilder, Fmr. Gov. of Virginia, 1992 Democratic Candidate
- Michael Dukakis, Fmr. Gov. of Massachusetts, 1988 Democratic presidential nominee
- Mario Cuomo, Supreme Court Justice, Fmr. Gov. of New York
- Dick Gephardt, U.S. House Majority Leader

1: Registered with the Reform Party

1992 Candidate Jerry Brown entered the Democratic race first, hoping to jump to an early lead with the former de-facto leader of the party, Clinton, no longer in the running for a political comeback. Tsongas entered the race shortly after. Jesse Jackson, the 1988 runner up, made a surprise announcement in Washington, D.C. He was a candidate for the presidency of the United States again. Below is one of the polls conducted early in the race. This poll only included declared candidates.

January 1995 Democratic Primary Poll
Brown 20%
Jackson 15%
Tsongas 9%
Someone else/DK 56%

Lloyd Bentsen entered the race, followed by Jay Rockefeller the next day. Bradley entered the race soon after. Jackson did not worry about Bradley cutting into the black vote but that he could lose the already small amount of white support he had for the nomination (which was already kept to a fraction of white liberals, alone). Al Gore formed an exploratory committee one week after Bentsen announced and declared a presidential bid a few weeks thereafter. Tom Harkin had ruled out another run in the summer of 1994 and Kerrey announced he would not run again due to a low level of support, in late 1994. Wilder put presidential rumors to bed almost immediately after Gore announced his exploratory committee. The media believed, perhaps, the Southern vote would be split in a dramatic fashion if both Gore and Wilder had entered; a four-way split might have resulted in the South. The pundits also believed Wilder could have cut into Jackson's support among blacks if he had run. The party's 1988 nominee announced an exploratory committee in April and Supreme Court Justice Cuomo also announced an exploratory committee two days after.

Early May 1995 Democratic Primary Poll
Brown 17%
Gore 17%
Dukakis 10%
Tsongas 10%
Cuomo 10%
Jackson 10%
Bentsen 9%
Bradley 5%
Rockefeller 4%
Undecided 8%

Rockefeller withdrew from the race in June, citing low poll numbers and not wanting to pull support from a Southern candidate. Dukakis said the party should unite quickly to have a better chance of winning back the White House. He subsequently suspended his exploratory committee and endorsed Jerry Brown. In response, Rockefeller endorsed Gore and he was joined by Bentsen who withdrew to endorse Gore by late June. Around this time, negotiations were finalized for Perot's entrance into the Democratic contest in exchange for the cooperation of his to-be Reform Party. The Democrats envisioned Reform as a sister party. Perhaps merger and the acquisition of Perot's voter base could be on the horizon, Democratic leaders thought. Perot privately held that the Reform Party should grow in strength to become an equal of the Republicans and Democrats and should work with the other parties on a case-by-case basis. Though the Democrats' informal alliance with Perot (during the duration of his term) helped pave the way for this partnership, whether that association is to be permanent or temporary, time will tell.

Cuomo ended his exploratory committee in early August and endorsed Perot when he launched his campaign for the Democratic nomination in the middle of that month. The Reform Party would officially be formed in December of that year (1995). Perot initially joined the race as an Independent and registered, Reform, once that party attained official-party status in Texas.

September 1995 Democratic Primary Poll
Perot 28%
Brown 20%
Gore 19%
Tsongas 8%
Jackson 7%
Bradley 3%
Undecided 15%

The field continued to winnow. House Majority Leader Gephardt again removed his name from consideration with regard to a potential presidential bid and Reverend Jackson withdrew from the race, citing a shrinking coalition. Jackson spoke cynically about the prospect of a black president being elected in the United States. He did not make an endorsement of the worse-polling, Bradley. Bradley’s supporters viewed this as a snub of someone they view as an ideological counterpart. Jackson did not endorse but a few weeks after his withdrawal said it would be “likely” he would endorse the nominee.

January 1996 Democratic Primary Poll
Perot 31%
Brown 23%
Gore 23%
Tsongas 5%
Bradley 4%
Undecided 14%

Tsongas pledged to stay in the race at least through the Iowa caucuses and Bradley said he had no plans to suspend his campaign. Bradley remained confident that he would have a surprise showing in the early states of the race and would receive a big gain in the polls as a result. (As in OTL) Bradley did not file to run for re-election to the U.S. Senate (Bradley is basically 1996's Gabbard).
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West_Midlander
Junior Chimp
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« Reply #13 on: June 07, 2020, 01:43:51 PM »
« Edited: June 07, 2020, 01:46:54 PM by West_Midlander »

President Perot's standing

President Perot's approval rating at 58% (Early January 1996)
Breakdown
Among Democrats: 71%
Among Republicans: 33%
Among Independents: 75%

The use of the sling, "Democrat-In-All-But-Name," by the GOP against Perot ramped up over the course of his term. Nevertheless, Perot maintained a reliable minority of Republican support: a ceiling of 41% approval among GOP voters at the maximum and of 24% at the minimum.

Perot remained less popular with Democratic Party voters than registered Democratic candidates, however, he maintained a lead with the party's base as he, as the incumbent, was viewed as the best option to keep the GOP out of power for another four years. This, however, was not a point that Perot campaigned on. A key strength of Perot's campaign, also, was his enormous strength with Independent voters (who were allowed to participate in some states' primaries and caucuses). Perot seemed set to win some crossover Republican votes in open primary states, as well, but this would not be a significant factor in the race.

Approval of registered Democratic candidates
Brown: 82% approve - 10% disapprove - 8% DK/Unsure/Never heard of
Tsongas: 38% approve - 12% disapprove - 50%
Gore: 79% approve - 15% disapprove - 6%
Bradley: 17% approve - 19% disapprove - 64%
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« Reply #14 on: June 08, 2020, 09:37:25 AM »

What is prompting Condi at Education? She's always been foreign policy-centric...
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West_Midlander
Junior Chimp
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« Reply #15 on: June 08, 2020, 10:26:49 AM »

What is prompting Condi at Education? She's always been foreign policy-centric...
I placed Condi as the Secretary of Education since she was the Provost of Stanford and was successful there IOTL at balancing the budget, a feat thought 'impossible' to do. I think I will retcon this, though, since her foreign policy interest goes back to when she worked for the State Dept. under Carter. Thanks for pointing this out.
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Computer89
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« Reply #16 on: June 08, 2020, 12:25:34 PM »

Are you allowed to get the nominations of two parties ?
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West_Midlander
Junior Chimp
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« Reply #17 on: June 08, 2020, 12:47:01 PM »

Are you allowed to get the nominations of two parties ?

Well, the Reform Party isn't contesting the presidency, full stop. If Perot doesn't get the D nomination, he isn't running for re-election, and Reform isn't running a candidate either. Reform is working to be on the ballot in some districts for down-ballot races but won't file for the presidency whatsoever for the 1996 election.

If he was on the ballot for both parties (nominated by both), I think it would've been a Hawkins-like scenario where he [Hawkins] is a registered Green and affiliated with the Socialists, like Perot is with the Democrats ITTL. He [Hawkins] has received the Socialist nomination and is the frontrunner for the Greens so he will probably be nominated by both parties and appear twice on the states' ballots where the Greens and the Socialist Party USA both have ballot access (since fusionism isn't really done anymore).
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