List of Alternate Presidents 2.0.

[Brother Jonathan]

On an 8th Grade History quiz, one of the questions asked "Which of the following was not a consequence of Richard Nixon's decision to invade Cambodia". One of the answers, the correct one, was "A movement began to draft Henry Kissinger for President". Though it of course would not be permitted by the Constitution, the idea of a Kissinger Presidency has sort of oddly captivated me ever since. So I used that as a starting point for something of a major American political fragmentation. So here is a wild ride inspired by one question on an 8th grade history quiz:

38. Henry Kissinger/Nelson Rockefeller (R)1973-1977
      Henry Kissinger/George H.W. Bush (R) 1977-1981
          def. George McGovern/Edmund Muskie (D) and John Ashbrook/John Connally (AI)
          def. Edmund Muskie/Frank Church (D) and John Connally/Bill Nichols (AI)
39. Jimmy Carter/Morris Udall (D) 1981-1989
          def. Ronald Reagan/Prentiss Walker (AI) and George H. W. Bush/Howard Baker (R)
          def. Howard Baker/Jack Kemp (R) and Bill Nichols/Meldrim Thomson (AI)
40. John Rarick/Barry Goldwater Jr. (AI) 1989-1993
          def. Morris Udall/Al Gore (D) and Bob Dole/Pierre du Pont (R)
41. Daniel Patrick Moynihan/Jack Kemp (NW)1993-2001¹
          def. Al Gore/Jesse Jackson (D) and John Rarick/Pat Buchanan (AI)
          def. Ross Perot/Bob Dornan (AI) and Jesse Jackson/Jerry Brown (D) and Pat Robertson/Jerry Falwell (C)
42. Tom Carper/Bob Graham (D) 2001-2009
          def. Jack Kemp/Mike DeWine (R) and Pat Robertson/Jerry Falwell (C) and Bob Dornan/Ron Paul (AI)
          def. Donald Rumsfeld/Thomas Kean (R) and Dennis Kucinich/Russ Feingold (L) and Jerry Falwell/David Duke (AI/C)
43. Arnold Schwarzenegger/Richard Lugar (R) 2009-2017
          def. Russ Feingold/Joe Lieberman (D/L) and Pat Buchanan/Tom Tancredo (AI)
          def. Barack Obama/Patty Murray (D) and Ron Paul/Gary Johnson (AI) and Pat Robertson/Rick Santorum (C)
44. Donald Trump/Jeff Sessions (AI) 2017-
          def. Mike Bloomberg/Paul Ryan (R) and Barack Obama/Jeff Merkley (D) and Mark Warner/Kent Conrad (ND)

¹ Elected as nominees of the "New Whig Party", an alliance of disaffected moderate Democrats and the Republican Party. Technically not a party, as the GOP remained an independent force that returned to Presidential politics at the end of Moynihan's term.

[Brother Jonathan]

The Grand Old (Federalist) Party

1. George Washington/John Adams (Non-Partisan/Federalist) 1789-1797
         Unopposed
2. John Adams/Thomas Jefferson (Federalist/Democratic-Republican) 1797-1801
          def. Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican)
3. Thomas Jefferson/Aaron Burr (Democratic Republican) 1801-1805
          def. John Adams/Charles Pinckney (Federalist)
    Thomas Jefferson/George Clinton (Democratic Republican) 1805-1809
          def. Charles Pinckney/Rufus King (Federalist)
4. Charles Pinckney/Rufus King (Federalist) 1809-1817
          def. George Clinton/James Madison (Democratic Republican)
          def. Elbridge Gerry/James Monroe (Democratic Republican)
5. Rufus King/John Marshall (Federalist) 1817-1821
          def. James Madison/Daniel D. Tompkins (Democratic Republican)
6. James Madison/Daniel D. Tompkins (Democratic Republican) 1821-1825         
          def. Rufus King/John Marshall (Federalist)
          def. Rufus King/John Marshall (Federalist)
    James Madison/Vacant (Democratic Republican) 1825-1826
    James Madison/John C. Calhoun (Democratic Republican) 1826-1829¹
7. John Marshall/John Quincy Adams (Federalist) 1829-1835²
          def. John C. Calhoun/William H. Crawford(Democratic Republican)
          def. Andrew Jackson/William Wilkins (Jacksonian Democrat) and John C. Calhoun/John Randolph (Constitutionalist)
8. John Quincy Adams/Vacant (Federalist) 1835-1836
    John Quincy Adams/Richard Rush (Federalist) 1836-1841
          def. Andrew Jackson/William Wilkins (Democratic) and John C. Calhoun/Hugh L. white (Constitutionalist)
9. Andrew Jackson/William Wilkins (Democratic) 1841-1845³
          def. John Quincy Adams/Richard Rush (Federalist) and John C. Calhoun/Willie P. Magnum (Constitutionalist)
          def. John Quincy Adams/Daniel Webster (Federalist)
10. William Wilkins/Vacant (Democratic) 1845-1846
      William Wilkins/Martin Van Buren (Democratic) 1846-1849
11. Daniel Webster/Charles F. Adams (Federalist) 1849-1852⁴
          def. William R. King/John Y. Mason (Southern Democratic) and Martin Van Buren/Lewis Cass (Northern Democratic)
12. Charles F. Adams/Vacant (Federalist) 1852
      Charles F. Adams/Winfield Scott (Federalist) 1852-1857⁵
          def. John Y. Mason/Lewis Cass (Unity Democratic) and William R. King/George Troup (Southern Democratic)
      Charles F. Adams/Millard Fillmore (Unionist) 1857-1861⁶
          def. Lewis Cass/Stephen Douglas (Peaceful Union Party) and Franklin Peirce/John A. Dix (Democratic)
      Charles F. Adams/Andrew Johnson (Unionist) 1861-1865
          def. Stephen Douglas/John A. Dix (Democratic)
      Charles F. Adams/William H. Seward (Federalist) 1865-1869
          def. John A. Dix/George H. Pendleton (Democratic)
13. Horace Greeley/Schuyler Colfax (Federalist) 1869-1872⁷
          def. Horatio Seymour/James Rood Doolittle (Democratic)
14. Schuyler Colfax/Vacant (Federalist) 1872-1873
15. Thomas A. Hendricks/Andrew Curtin (Democratic) 1873-1881
          def. Horace Greeley/Schuyler Colfax (Federalist)
          def. Schuyler Colfax/Rutherford B. Hayes (Federalist)
16. Samuel J. Tilden/Samuel J. Randall (Democratic) 1881-1885
          def. Schuyler Colfax/James G. Blaine (Federalist)
17. James G. Blaine/John Sherman (Federalist) 1885-1889
          def. Samuel J. Tilden/Samuel J. Randall (Democratic)
18. Grover Cleveland/William McKinley (Republican) 1889-1897⁸
          def. James B. Weaver/William Jennings Bryan (Democratic)
          def. William Jennings Bryan/Thomas E. Watson (Democratic)
19. William McKinley/John Hay (Federalist) 1897-1901
          def. Grover Cleveland/John M. Palmer (Democratic) and William Jennings Bryan/Thomas E. Watson (People's)
20. Adlai Stevenson I/George Dewey (Democratic) 1901-1909
          def. William McKinley/John Hay (Federalist)
          def. John Hay/Charles W. Fairbanks (Federalist)
21. Elihu Root/Charles Francis Adams III (Federalist) 1909-1921
          def. William Jennings Bryan/Thomas E Watson (Democratic)
          def. Thomas E. Watson/John W. Kern (Democratic)
          def. William Jennings Bryan/Hiram Johnson (Democratic/Peace)
22. Charles Francis Adams III/Herbert Hoover (Federalist) 1921-1929
          def. Al Smith/Gilbert Hitchcock (Democratic)
          def. Thomas R. Marshall/Carter Glass (Democratic)
23. Joseph T. Robinson/Atlee Pomerene (Democratic) 1929-1933         
          def. Herbert Hoover/Calvin Coolidge (Federalist)
24. Hiram Johnson/Burton K. Wheeler (Progressive) 1933-1941
          def. Herbert Hoover/John J. Blaine (Federalist) and Joseph T. Robinson/Atlee Pomerene (Democratic)
          def. James Farley/Frank Knox (Democratic-Federalist)⁹
25. Cordell Hull/Thomas E. Dewey (Democratic-Federalist) 1941-1949
          def. Hiram Johnson/Burton K. Wheeler (Progressive)
          def. Burton K. Wheeler/Gerald Nye (Progressive)
26. Thomas E. Dewey/Earl Warren (Federalist) 1949-1957
          def. Burton K. Wheeler/Joseph Kennedy (Democratic-Progressive)
          def. Joseph Kennedy/Averell Harriman (Democratic) and Strom Thurmond/Fielding Wright (New Constitutionalist)
27. Earl Warren/Richard Nixon (Federalist) 1957-1961
          def. Burton K. Wheeler/Strom Thurmond (Democratic)
28. Averell Harriman/Albert Gore (Democratic) 1961-1969
          def. Earl Warren/Richard Nixon (Federalist)
          def. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr./Hiram Fong (Federalist) and Strom Thurmond/Orval Faubus (Dixiecrat)
29. Nelson Rockefeller/John Tower (Federalist) 1969-1977
          def. Burton K. Wheeler/Abraham Ribicoff (Progressive Democratic) and Albert Gore/Pat Brown (Democratic)
          def. George McGovern/Edmund Muskie (Democratic)
30. John Tower/Lowell Weicker (Federalist) 1977-1981
          def. Edmund Muskie/Dale Bumpers (Democratic)
31. Jimmy Carter/Thomas McIntyre (Democratic) 1981-1989
          def. John Tower/Lowell Weicker (Federalist)
          def. Lowell Weicker/Bob Packwood (Federalist) and Barry Goldwater Jr./Paul Laxalt (Conservative)
32. Lowell Weicker/George H. W. Bush (Federalist) 1989-1993
          def. Reubin Askew/Jerry Brown (Democratic) and Paul Laxalt/Jesse Helms (Conservative)
33. Bob Graham/Harris Wofford (Democratic) 1993-2001
          def. Lowell Weicker/George H. W. Bush (Federalist) and Pat Buchanan/Ron Paul (Conservative)
          def. Bob Dole/Colin Powell (Federalist)
34. George Pataki/Fred Thompson (Federalist) 2001-2009
          def. Harris Wofford/Albert Gore Jr. (Democratic)
          def. Max Cleland/Dick Durbin (Democratic)
35. Joe Manchin/Tom Daschle (Democratic) 2009-2017
          def. Mike Huckabee/Tom Tancredo (Patriots) and Charlie Crist/Mitt Romney (Federalist)
          def. Mitt Romney/Lindsey Graham (Federalist) and Mike Huckabee/Newt Gingrich (Patriots)
36. Jon Tester/Andrew Cuomo (Democratic) 2017-
          def. Jeb Bush/Paul Ryan (Federalist) and Newt Gingrich/Michelle Bachman (Patriots) and Rand Paul/Justin Amash (Jeffersonian)




¹ Vice President Daniel D. Tompkins died in 1825. Madison nominated John C. Calhoun to fill the vacancy.
² President John Marshall died in office in July, 1835 and was succeeded by his Vice President, John Quincy Adams.
³ President Andrew Jackson died in office in 1845, and was succeeded by Vice President William Wilkins.
⁴ President Webster died in office in 1852, and was succeeded by Vice President Charles F. Adams.
⁵ President Charles F. Adams was re-elected in 1852 despite failing to appear on any ballots. Federalist surrogates continued to campaign for Webster, and his electors then voted for Adams for President and Scott for Vice President (who had been confirmed in that position by the senate to serve with Adams).
⁶ The Unionist Party was essentially an alliance between the Federalist party and anti-slavery Democrats from the North that was formed at the height of the Civil War and was dissolved after Reconstruction had ended.
⁷ President Horace Greeley died in November, 1852, just several days after being defeated in his bid for re-election. His successor, Schuyler Colfax, did not nominate a Vice President and served out the remained of Greeley's term.
⁸ Cleveland (a Democrat) and McKinley (a Federalist) were nominated on a joint pro-gold standard "unity ticket" against the bimetallists who had managed to seize the Democratic nomination. It was a fraught administration, but it succeeded in defending against populist currents in the country. The group dissolved when Cleveland sought a third term as the Democratic nominee for President.
⁹ The Federalist and Democratic parties voted to nominate a joint ticket, with Democrat James Farley heading the ticket and Federalist Frank Knox as Vice President. The alliance would continue until the end of the Second World War and the election of 1948.

[Brother Jonathan]

POD: Following World War II and the depression, the United States decides to drastically reform it's system of government, and creates a parliamentary system in hopes of creating greater safeguards against totalitarian tendencies, both right and left. It is agreed that at the 1952 election, Senators will be elected as before, while the President will become Prime Minister, and has to have the confidence of the House of Representatives, which is elected for up to four years but can be dissolved by a majority of both the House and Senate at any time. Harry S. Truman is the therefore the last President of the United States.

1. Dwight D. Eisenhower (Republican, Adams-York), December 1st, 1952 to June 6th, 1962
Elected 1952 (Majority 42)
Elected 1956 (Majority 59)
Elected 1960 (Majority 37)

2. Christian Herter (Republican, North West Suffolk) June 6th, 1962 to November 3rd, 1964
Succeeded Eisenhower

3. Hubert Humphrey (Democrat, Minneapolis) November 3rd, 1964 to November 5th, 1968
Elected 1964 (Majority 3)
Elected 1965 (Majority 45)

4. Nelson Rockefeller (Republican, North Westchester) November 5th, 1968 to July 15th, 1974
Elected 1968 (Majority 32)
Elected 1972 (Minority, governing with the American Party. Combined Majority of 68)

5. William Scranton (Republican, Wayne-Sullivan) July 15th, 1974 to November 5th, 1974
Succeeded Rockefeller
Lost Motion of No Confidence in October, 1974

6. Mo Udall (Democrat, South West Arizona) November 5th, 1974 to February 19th, 1979
Elected 1974 (Majority 19)
Elected 1978 (Minority, governing with various confidence and supply agreements)

7. Henry Jackson (National Union) February 19th, 1979 to November 23rd, 1982
Succeeded Udall
Elected 1979 (Majority 23)

8. Mo Udall (Democrat, South West Arizona) November 23rd, 1982 to October 11th, 1983
Elected 1982 (Minority, governing with various ad hoc agreements across ideological divides)


9. Jack Kemp (Conservative, Buffalo) October 11th, 1983 to November 18th, 1993
Elected 1983 (Minority, various agreements to pass emergency legislation)
Elected 1984 (Majority 79)
Elected 1988 (Majority 56)
Elected 1991 (Majority 61)

10. Bob Dole (Conservative, West Kansas) November 18th, 1993 to March 15th, 1997
Succeeded Kemp
Elected 1995 (Majority 11)

11. Dick Armey (Conservative, Dallas North East and Denton) March 15th 1997 to November 9th, 1999
Succeeded Dole

12. Al Gore (Democrat, Nashville) November 9th, 1999 to May 9th, 2007
Elected 1999 (Majority 55)
Elected 2002 (Majority 78)
Elected 2006 (Minority, confidence and supply agreement with the Labor Party)

13. John Kerry (Democrat, Central Suffolk) May 9th, 2007 to November 2nd, 2010
Succeeded Gore

14. Jeb Bush (Conservative, Dade North—Collier) November 2nd, 2010 to February 14th, 2017
Elected 2010 (Minority, confidence and supply agreement with National Party)
Elected 2013 (Majority 25)
Elected 2016 (Majority 21)

15. Tom Cotton (Conservative, South West Arkansas) February 14th, 2017 to November 6th, 2018
Succeeded Bush

16. Elizabeth Warren (Labor, Cambridge and Suffolk North) November 6th, 2018 to Present
Elected in 2018 (Minority, serving in coalition with the Democrats)
            Deputy PM: Cory Booker (Democrat, Newark)

[Brother Jonathan]

Crossing the Potomac

34. Douglas MacArthur (Independent), January 20th, 1953 to March 15th, 1961¹
35. Jacob L. Devers (Independent), March 15th, 1961 to August 19th, 1968²
36. Paul Nitze (Independent) August 19th, 1968 to January 20th, 1969³
37. Curtis Lemay (Independent), January 20th, 1969 to January 24th, 1973⁴
38. William Westmoreland (People's Party), January 24th, 1973 to October 13th, 1982⁵
39. Al Haig (People's Party), October 13th, 1982 to July 17th, 1995 ⁶
40. David Rockefeller (Republican), July 17th, 1995 to January 15th, 1996⁷
41. Donald Rumsfeld (Republican), January 15th, 1996 to April 16th, 1996⁸
42. Dick Cheney (Republican), April 16th, 1996 to October 13th, 1996⁹
43. Norman Schwarzkopf (Independent), October 13th, 1996 to December 27th, 2012 ¹⁰
44. Colin Powell (Republican), December 27th, 2012 to January 20th, 2017¹¹
45. Donald Trump (People's Party), January 20th, 2017 to Present

¹ Assassinated by Members of Congress during an address to a joint session.
² Died in office, some suspect of poising, but the evidence is unclear
³ Did not seek re-election on the advice of his Cabinet
⁴ Assassinated shortly after announcing he would not cooperate with the House Committee convened to examine possible electoral irregularities in the 1972 election. Many suspect powerful members of Congress coordinated the killing
⁵ Widely believed to have been murdered by his wife, Katherine, but she was acquitted at trial
⁶ Ordered his personal secretary to shot him as Federal agents were dispatched, on the orders of Vice President Rockefeller, to remove him from office following a vote of the Senate to that effect, which President Haig had announced he indented to fight further
⁷ Removed by his Cabinet under the powers of the 25th Amendment
⁸ Resigned from office as his removal by the Senate seemed imminent
⁹ Removed from office by the Senate. Arrested, tried, and convicted of "crimes against the people" and treason. Serving a life sentence
¹⁰ Died in office from complications of pneumonia
¹¹ Did not seek re-election

[Brother Jonathan]

The Rise of the American Federation

Presidents of the United States (1789-
1. George Washington, 1789-1797 (Nonpartisan)
2. John Adams, 1797-1801 (Federalist)
3. Thomas Jefferson, 1801-1809 (Democratic-Republican)
4. James Madison, 1809-1813 (Democratic-Republican)
5. DeWitt Clinton, 1813-1821 (American)
6. John Quincy Adams, 1821-1825 (American)
7. Andrew Jackson, 1825-1829 (Democratic)
8. John Quincy Adams, 1829-1837 (American)
9. Martin Van Buren (Democratic), 1837-1841
10. Daniel Webster (American), 1841-1849
11. Theodore Frelinghuysen (American), 1849-1857
12. James Buchanan (Democratic), 1857-1861
13. William H. Seward (American), 1861-1869
14. Schulyer Colfax (American), 1869-1877
15. Samuel J. Tilden (Liberal), 1877-1885
16. Grover Cleveland (Liberal), 1885-1889
17. Benjamin Harrison (American), 1889-1897
18. William McKinley (American), 1897-1901*
19. Theodore Roosevelt (American Union), 1901-1913
20. Champ Calrk (American Union), 1913-1915

*-assassinated

Presidents of the Southern American Confederation (1829-1846)
1. Stephen Decatur Miller (Nonpartisan), 1829-1836
2. John C. Calhoun (Founding League), 1836-1841
3. John Bell (Reconciliation League), 1841-1846

Presidents of the Confederate States of America (1846-1915)
1. John Bell (Whig), 1846-1851
2. John B. Floyd (Whig), 1851-1856
3. Robert Rhett (Radical), 1856-1861
4. Jefferson Davis (New Founding League), 1861-1866
5. James M. Mason (New Founding League), 1866-1871
6. Wade Hampton (States' Rights), 1871-1876
7. Joseph E. Brown (States' Rights), 1876-1881
8. Isham G. Harris (Southern Liberal League), 1881-1886
9. Matthew Butler (Southern Liberal League), 1886-1891
10. Edmund Pettus (States' Rights), 1891-1896
11. Benjamin Tillman (States' Rights), 1896-1901
12. John W. Daniel (Southern Liberal League), 1901-1906
13. John Sharp Williams (Leauge for Liberalism and Unification), 1906-1911

Presidents of the Southern League (1911-1915)
1. John Sharp Williams (Southern National Liberal)


Prime Ministers of Canada
1. John A. Macdonald (Conservative), 1867-1873
2. Alexander Mackenzie (Liberal), 1873-1878
3. John A. Macdonald (Conservative), 1878-1891
4. Wilfred Laurier, 1891-1913 (Liberal)
5. Robert Borden (Unionist), 1913-1914
6. Wilfred Laurier, 1913-1915 (Liberal)


Minister Presidents of the American Federation

1. Champ Clark (Liberal), 1915-1917
2. Elihu Root (Federation), 1917-1925
3.Frank Lowden (Federation), 1925-1930
4. Al Smith (Liberal), 1930-1940
5. William Lyon Mackenzie King (National Liberal), 1940-1950**
6. Adlai Stevenson (Liberal), 1950-1954
7. Dwight D. Eisenhower (Federation), 1954-1961
8. George A. Drew (Federation), 1961-1966
9. Hubert Humphrey (Liberal-Labour), 1966-1976
10. Ronald Reagan (Federation), 1976-1984
11. Brian Mulroney (Federation), 1984-1992
12. Newt Gingrich, 1992-1993 (Federation)
13. Al Gore (Liberal), 1993-2003
14. Paul Martin (Liberal), 2003-2008
15. Mitt Romney (Federation), 2008-2015
16. Jeb Bush (Federation), 2015-present

**- died in office

[Brother Jonathan]

Presidents of the United States
37. Richard M. Nixon (Republican), 1969-1977
38. Thomas Eagleton (Democratic), 1977-1981¹
     1976- Thomas Eagleton/Edmund Muskie (D) v. Spiro Agnew/Phil Crane (R)
39. Ronald Reagan (Republican), 1981-1989
     1980- Ronald Reagan/Bob Dole (R) v. Ted Kennedy/Frank Church (D)
     1984- Ronald Reagan/Bob Dole (R) v. John Glenn/Bob Graham (D)
40. Gary Hart (Democratic), 1989-1993²
     1988- Gary Hart/Albert Gore (D) v. Bob Dole/John Sununu (R)
41. Pat Buchanan (Republican), 1993-1996³
     1993- Pat Buchanan/Clarence Thomas (R) v. Mario Cuomo/Albert Gore (D) v. Jesse Venture/Jim Traficant (FL)
42. Thomas Foley (Democratic), Dec. 21, 1996-Jan. 20. 1997⁴
43. Albert Gore (Democratic), 1997-2005
     1996- Albert Gore/Jesse Jackson (D) v. Pat Buchanan/Pat Robertson (R)
     2000- Albert Gore/Jesse Jackson (D) v. George Bush/Mike DeWine (R)
44. Jesse Jackson (Democratic), 2005-2009
     2004- Jesse Jackson/Jeanne Shaheen (D) v. Terry Branstad/Steve Forbes (R)
45. Sam Brownback (Republican), 2009-2017
     2008- Sam Brownback/Tim Pawlenty (R) v. Jesse Jackson/Jeanne Shaheen (D)
     2012- Sam Brownback/Tim Pawlenty (R) v. Chris Dodd/Tom Vilsack (D)
46. Donald Trump (Democratic), 2017-present
     2016- Donald Trump/Joe Biden (D) v. Tim Pawlenty/Linda Lingle (R)
     2020- Donald Trump/Joe Biden (D) v. Linda Lingle/Tim Scott (R)

1. Eagleton did not seek re-election in 1980, and Ted Kennedy won the Democratic nomination
2. After becoming embroiled in scandal, the Democratic Party and Vice President Gore forced President Hart to step away from his re-election. He was replaced by Mario Cuomo at a contested convention.
3. Impeached and removed from office in 1996 following several scandals during his tenure and an attempt to overturn the election results.
4. As Speaker of the House, became President following the removal of President Buchanan, Vice President Thomas having been impeached and removed for other scandals earlier.

Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom
Harold Wilson (Labour), 1964-1969¹
Denis Healey (Labour), 1969-1971
Ted Heath (Conservative), 1971-1975
Denis Healey (Labour), 1975-1979
Roy Jenkins (Labour), 1979-1980
Michael Heseltine (Conservative), 1980- June 19, 1989
Malcolm Rifkind (Conservative), June 19, 1989-June 21, 1989²
Roy Jenkins (Liberal), June 21, 1989-1993³
David Owen (Liberal), 1993-1998⁴
Kenneth Clarke (Conservative), 1998-2007
John Redwood (Conservative), 2007-2010
Gordon Brown (Labour), 2010-2018
David Milliband (Labour), 2018-2023
Jeremy Hunt (Conservative), 2023-present

1. Assassinated by a member of the Irish Republican Army
2. Split the Conservative Party and lost a confidence vote after only days in office
3. Led a national unity government
4. As leader of the national unity government until after 12 May 1994

Taoiseach of Ireland
5. Jack Lynch (Fianna Fáil), 1966-1969 ¹
6. Brian Lenihan (Fianna Fáil), 1969-1973
7. Liam Cosgrave (Fine Gael), 1973-1978
position abolished

Chief of the Irish Executive
1. Liam Cosgrave (Security and Unity), 1978-1980²
2. Garret FitzGerald (Security and Unity), 1980-1989
Vacant, 1989-1994³
position abolished

President of Ireland
David Hume (Social Democrats), 1994-1995 Interim
1. Bertie Ahren (Republican), 1995-2005
2. Charlie McCreevy (Republican), 2005-2010
3. Eamon Gilmore (Social Democrats), 2010-2020
4. Peadar Tóibín (National), 2020-present

1. Forced to resign by his party, but assassinated before he had officially resigned
2. Assassinated by the Irish Republican Army
3. Vacant during the negotiations of the New Anglo-Irish Treaty

[Brother Jonathan]

28. Woodrow Wilson (Democratic),1913-1923*
29. Thomas Marshall (Democratic), 1923-1925
30. Frank O. Lowden (Republican), 1925-1933
31. Al Smith (Democratic), 1933-1937
32. Huey Long (Populist), 1937-1949
33. Henry A. Wallace (Populist), 1949-1951**
34. Claude Pepper (Populist), 1951-1953
35. Thomas E. Dewey (Republican), 1953-1961
36. Stuart Symington (Democratic), 1961-1969
37. Eugene McCarthy (Populist), 1969-1973
38. Edmund Muskie (Democratic), 1973-1981
39. George Bush (Republican), 1981-1993
40. Tom Harkin (Populist), 1993-2001
41. Sam Nunn (Democratic), 2001-2009
42. Paul Wellstone (Populist), 2009-2017
43. John Kasich (Republican), 2017-present

*died in office
**impeached and removed from office

[Brother Jonathan]

25. William McKinley (Republican), 1897-1905      
     VP: H. Clay Evens
     1896: def. Grover Cleveland/John M. Palmer (D) and William Jennings Bryan/Arthur Sewall (Pop)
     1900: def. George Dewey/Jim Hogg (D) and William Jennings Bryan/John McBride (Pop)
26. H. Clay Evens (Republican), 1905-1913
      VP: Robert R. Hitt (until 1906)
            Albert J. Beveridge
      1904: def. Alton B. Parker/George Turner (D) and Willaim Jennings Bryan/Job Harriman (Pop)
      1908: def. Job Harriman/Eugene Debs (Pop) and Richard Olney/James P. Clarke (D)
27. Robert M. La Follette (United Progressive), 1913-1917
      VP: Charles Edward Russell
      1912: def. Champ Clark/Oscar Underwood (D) and Nicholas M. Butler/L.B. Hanna (R)
28. Champ Clark, 1917-1925 (Democratic)
      VP: Judson Harmon (until 1917)
            Nicholas M. Butler (Republican)
      1916: def. Robert M. La Follette/Charles Edward Russell (UP) and John W. Weeks/Martin G. Brumbaugh (R)
      1920: def. William Randolph Hearst/Henry Ford (National) and Eugene V. Debs/Louis F. Post (UP)
29. James E. Watson (Republican), 1925-1933
      VP: Herbert Hoover
      1924: def. Robert M. La Follette/John Phillip White(UP/Lab) and Oscar Underwood/John Davis (D)
      1928: def. John Phillip White/Gifford Pinchot (Lab/UP) and Al Smith/Cordell Hull (D)
30. Daniel Hoan (Labor), 1933-1941
      VP: Fiorello La Guardia
      1932: def. Henry Ford/Robert E. Wood (American) and Franklin Roosevelt/Joseph T. Robinson (D)
                and Frank Lowden/Joseph France (R)
      1936: def. Al Smith/Frank Knox (Unity) and Gerald L.K. Smith/William Lemke (American)
31. William Green (Labor), 1941-1949
      VP: George A. Nelson (until 1945)
            Scott W. Lucas (Democratic)
      1940: def. Charles Lindbergh/Ernest Lundeen (American) and Herbert Hoover/James Farley
      (Unity) and Fiorello La Guardia/J. Henry Stump (Socialist)
      1944: def. John G. Townsend/Styles Bridges (R) and Benjamin Gitlow/Devere Allen (Socialist)
32. Culbert Olson (Social Democratic), 1949-1953
      VP: Birch Wilson
      1948: def. Arthur Vandenberg/John W. Bricker (R) and William Alexander Julian/Wayne Morse (Liberal)
33. Earl Warren (Republican), 1953-1961
      VP: Harold Stassen
      1952: def. Birch Wilson/Adlai Stevenson (SDP) and W. Averell Harriman/Kenneth McKellar (Liberal)
      1956: def. Adlai Stevenson/Darlington Hoopes (SDP) and Strom Thurmond/John Sparkman (Dixiecrat)
34. Frank Zeidler (Social Democratic), 1961-1969
      VP: Robert F. Wagner Jr.
      1960: def. Harold Stassen/Richard Nixon (R) and Stuart Symington/Sam Ervin (Liberal)
      1964: def. Harold Stassen/Hiram Fong (R)
35. Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. (Liberal), 1969-1973
      VP: George Romney (Republican)
      1968: def. Robert F. Wagner Jr./Hubert H. Humphrey (SDP) and Richard Nixon/Jim Rhodes (R)
     and Eugene McCarthy/A. Philip Randolph (New Socialist)
36. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (Republican), 1973-1981
      VP: Charles H. Percy
     1972: def. Hubert H. Humphrey/J. William Fulbright (SDP) and Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr./Pete McCloskey (Liberal)
      1976: def. Mo Udall/Arnold Miller (SDP)
37. Walter Mondale (Social Democratic), 1981-1989
      VP: Leonard Woodcock
      1980: def. Charles H. Percy/Bob Dole (R)
      1984: def. Bob Dole/Howard Baker (R)
38. Paul Laxalt (Republican), 1989-1997
      VP: Jack Kemp
      1988: def. Julian Bond/David Bonoir (SDP) and Paul Tsongas/Peter G. Peterson (Liberal)
      1992: def. Tom Harkin/Lane Kirkland (SDP)
39. Carl Gershman (Social Democratic), 1997-2005
      VP: Dick Gephardt
      1996: def. Jack Kemp/Lamar Alexander (R)
      2000: def. Pete Wilson/Alan Keyes (R)
40. Dick Gephardt (Social Democratic), 2005-2009
      VP: Bill Bradley
      2004: def. Mike Huckabee/Slade Gorton (R) and Ron Dellums/Bernie Sanders (Green)
41. Mitt Romney (Republican), 2009-2017
      VP: Tim Pawlenty
      2008: def. Dick Gephardt/Bill Bradley (SDP) and Bernie Sanders/Ralph Nader (Green)
      2012: def. Mark Begich/Richard Trumka (SDP) and Bernie Sanders/Constance N. Johnson (Green)
42. Elizabeth Warren (Social Democratic), 2017–
      VP: Tim Ryan
      2016: def. Tim Pawlenty/Ted Cruz (R) and Constance N. Johnson/Howie Hawkins (Green)
      2020: def. Ted Cruz/Marco Rubio (R)