1796-2020, America Changed

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The James E. English Presidency (1877-1881)
March 4, 1877: James E. English became President of the United States
March 18, 1879: Samuel J. Randall was elected in one of the most tightly fought contests for the speakership after the Civil War.
February 19, 1881: Kansas became the first state to prohibit alcohol.

1880 Presidential Election
June 30, 1880: President English and Vice President Hendricks are re-nominated by the Democrats
June 31, 1880: Secretary John Sherman is nominated by the Republican Party, defeating Senator John A. Logan, Chairman Chester A. Arthur, General Ulysses S. Grant, Congressman William A. Wheeler, and Senator James G. Blaine. Chairman Arthur, the 1876 nominee, is nominated for Vice President over Chairman Marshall Jewell, Congressman Levi P. Morton, and Senator James G. Blaine.
November 2, 1880: President English is re-elected in the closest election to date, 187 to 182, to continue the Democratic policies in the White House.

[RC (a la Frémont)]

Great timeline so far! Now that you have a rookie account, maybe you can add some bells and whistles now. (Mostly talking about election maps, but no pressure anyways.)

[DylanSH99]

Great timeline so far! Now that you have a rookie account, maybe you can add some bells and whistles now. (Mostly talking about election maps, but no pressure anyways.)

Thanks! I definitely will!

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The Second Term of James E. English (1881-1885)
March 4, 1881: James E. English is sworn in for a second term as President of the United States
October 15, 1883: The Supreme Court of the United States declared part of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional, as the Court allowed private individuals and corporations to discriminate based on race.
November 18, 1883: U.S. and Canadian railroads instituted 5 standard continental time zones, ending the confusion of thousands of local times.
October 6, 1884: The United States Naval War College was established in Newport, Rhode Island.
October 22, 1884: International Meridian Conference in Washington, D.C. fixed the Greenwich meridian as the world's prime meridian.
December 6: 1884: The Washington Monument was completed.

1884 Presidential Election
June 30, 1884: Congressman William H. English, who is not related to the President, is nominated by the Democrats, defeating Associate Justice Stephen J. Field, Congressman Samuel J. Randall, Governor Grover Cleveland, Senator Joseph E. McDonald, and Congressman Henry B. Payne. They nominate Governor Cleveland for Vice President.
June 31, 1884: Senator Benjamin Harrison is nominated by the Republicans, defeating Senator John Sherman in a closely contested battle. Chairman Chester A. Arthur, Senator John A. Logan, and General William Tecumseh Sherman also ran. Harrison selects Senator Logan as his running mate.
September 3, 1884: President English endorses Congressman English, joking that he can "continue the family name."
November 4, 1884: Congressman English and Governor Cleveland are elected, defeating the Harrison/Logan ticket, 250 to 151.

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The William H. English Presidency (1885-1889)
March 4, 1885: William H. English became President of the United States
October 8, 1888: Chinese Exclusion Act (Scott Act)
January 14, 1889: Nelson Act of 1889
February 22, 1889: Enabling Act of 1889

1888 Presidential Election
June 30, 1888: President English and Vice President Cleveland are nominated for re-election by the Democrats.
June 31, 1888: The Republicans nominate Senator John Sherman for President, over challenges from Congressman William McKinley, Senator William B. Allison, Ambassador William W. Phelps, Senator John J. Ingalls, Governor Russell A. Alger, and Senator Benjamin Harrison. Sherman selects Ambassador Phelps as his running mate over Minister Levi P. Morton and Attorney William O'Connell Bradley.
November 6, 1888: John Sherman wins the presidency over incumbent William H. English, 243 to 158.

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Hey everybody, sorry for the delay. I've been sick for the past few days. I'll be getting the 1888 map and more posts in the coming days.

[RC (a la Frémont)]

Hey everybody, sorry for the delay. I've been sick for the past few days. I'll be getting the 1888 map and more posts in the coming days.

np, you're doing a great job.

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The John Sherman Presidency (1889-1893)
March 4, 1889: John Sherman became President of the United States
December 29, 1890: Wounded Knee Massacre
May 5, 1892: Geary Act
February 13, 1893: Harter Act (Carriage of Goods by Sea)

1892 Presidential Election
May 15, 1892: Vice President Phelps announces he will not run with President Sherman on the 1892 ticket due to health concerns.
June 30, 1892: The Democrats nominate dark horse candidate Commissioner John C. Black for President over former President William H. English, who was the favorite, Senator David B. Hill, and Congressman William Jennings Bryan. The Democrats also nominate Congressman Bryan for Vice President over Governor Isaac P. Gray, Congressman John L. Mitchell, and Chief Justice Allen B. Morse.
June 31, 1892: President Sherman is re-nominated by the Republicans for President. Sherman selects Minister Levi P. Morton as his running mate over Ambassador Whitelaw Reid.
November 8, 1892: In a stunning upset, Commissioner John C. Black is elected President, defeating President John Sherman, 306 to 134.

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The John C. Black Presidency (1893-1897)
March 4, 1893: John C. Black became President of the United States.
May 5, 1893: Panic of 1893: A crash on the New York Stock Exchange started a depression.
November 7, 1893: Colorado women were granted the right to vote
May 1, 1894: Coxey's Army, the first significantAmerican protest march, arrived in Washington, D.C.

1896 Presidential Election
June 30, 1896: President Black and Vice President Bryan are re-nominated by the Democratic Party for President and Vice President, respectively.
June 31, 1896: Former President John Sherman is re-nominated by the Republicans for President, defeating Speaker Thomas Brackett Reed, Senator Benjamin Harrison, Governor Levi P. Morton, Senator Matthew S. Quay, Governor William McKinley, and State Assemblyman Theodore Roosevelt. Sherman selects General James A. Walker as his running mate, defeating Congressman Henry Clay Evans, Governor Morton, Governor Charles W. Lippitt, Senator Cushman Kellogg Davis, and Governor McKinley.
November 3, 1896: President Sherman is elected to a second non-consecutive term, defeating President Black, 298 to 149.

The Second Term of John Sherman (1897-1900)
March 4, 1897: John Sherman became President of the United States for a second time.
February 15, 1898: Spanish–American War: USS Maine exploded in Havana harbor.
December 10, 1898: Treaty of Paris ended Spanish–American War
June 2, 1899: The Filipino Rebellion began the Philippine–American War.
January 8, 1900: President Sherman placed Alaska under military rule.
February 5, 1900: Britain and the United States signed a treaty for the building of a Central American shipping canal through Nicaragua.
February 16, 1900: The United States, Germany and Great Britain ratified the Tripartite Convention partitioning the Samoan Islands.

1900 Presidential Election
June 30, 1900: Former President John C. Black is once again re-nominated for President by the Democrats, over Governor William J. Stone, Admiral George Dewey, Congressman George F. Williams, Senator Henry G. Davis, and former Vice President William Jennings Bryan. Black selects Governor John W. Smith as his running mate, over State Senator Abraham W. Patrick and Congressman Charles A. Towne,.
June 31, 1900: Vice President James A. Walker is nominated for President by the Republicans, defeating Governor Theodore Roosevelt, Senator Charles W. Fairbanks, and Governor William McKinley. Secretary John D. Long is nominated for Vice President.
July 7, 1900: President Sherman endorses Vice President Walker for President.
October 22, 1900: President John Sherman dies unexpectedly, and Vice President Walker is sworn in as President. Walker appoints Congressman Henry Clay Evans as his Vice President.
November 6, 1900: President Walker defeats President Black, 292 to 155.

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The James A. Walker Presidency (1901)
March 4, 1901: James A. Walker is inaugurated President.
October 21, 1901: President Walker, like his predecessor, dies unexpectedly. Vice President John D. Long becomes President and appoints Governor Theodore Roosevelt as his Vice President.

The John D. Long Presidency (1901-1905)
October 23, 1901: President Long invited African American leader Booker T. Washington to the White House. The American South reacted angrily to the visit, and racial violence increased in the region.
December 3, 1901: President Long delivered a 20,000-word speech to the House of Representatives, asking Congress to curb the power of trusts "within reasonable limits."
June 2, 1902: The Anthracite Coal Strike by the United Mine Workers began, continuing until October 21, 1902.
July 4, 1902: The Philippine–American War ended
April 28, 1904: Kinkaid Act

1904 Presidential Election
April 13, 1904: Vice President Roosevelt announces he will not run with President Long in the 1904 election.
June 30, 1904: Still popular within his party, former President John C. Black is once again nominated by the Democrats, over challenges from Committee Member Edward C. Wall, Congressman William R. Hearst, Judge George Gray, Secretary Richard Olney, Commanding General Nelson A. Miles, and Admiral George Dewey. The Democrats nominate Congressman James R. Williams for Vice President over former Vice President William J. Bryan, Senator George Turner, Senator Henry G. Davis, and Senator William Alexander Harris.
June 31, 1904: President Long wins the nomination from the Republican Party with Secretary William Howard Taft as his running mate, over Senator Charles W. Fairbanks.
November 8, 1904: President Long wins a full term as President, defeating President Black, 311 to 165.

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The Full Term of John D. Long (1905-1909)
March 4, 1905: John D. Long is inaugurated for a full term as President.
June 29, 1906: Hepburn Act is enacted
May 30, 1908 — Aldrich-Vreeland Act
June 16, 1908 — The Federal Employers Liability Act (FELA)

1908 Presidential Election
June 30, 1908: Convincing Democrats that he will give it all this time, President Black is re-nominated, although many are split on another nominee. He faced a close challenge from Governor John Albert Johnson and other challenges from University President Woodrow Wilson, Governor Joseph W. Folk, Senator George Gray, Congressman James R. Williams, and Senator Henry G. Davis. Black selects University President Wilson as his running mate, over State Senator John W. Kern, State Senator Clark Howell, and Congressman Charles A. Towne.
June 31, 1908: President Long is re-nominated by the Republicans for a second term, with Vice President Taft as his running mate.
November 3, 1908: President Long is re-elected, ending the political career of President Black, defeating him 314 to 169.

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The Second Term of John D. Long (1909-1913)
March 4, 1909: John D. Long is inaugurated for a second term as President of the United States.
April 30, 1911: Great Fire of 1911
May 15, 1911: The Supreme Court declared Standard Oil to be an "unreasonable" monopoly under the Sherman Antitrust Act and ordered the company to be dissolved.
April 15, 1912: The RMS Titanic safely arrives in New York City.

1912 Presidential Election
June 30, 1912: Senator John W. Kern is nominated by the Democratic Party for President, barely defeating Governor John Burke, and other challenges from Governor Thomas R. Marshall, House Majority Leader Oscar Underwood, Governor Woodrow Wilson, and Governor Simeon E. Baldwin. Kern selects Governor Marshall as his running mate over Governor Wilson, Mayor James H. Preston, Congressman Martin J. Wade, Governor John Burke, and former Vice President William Jennings Bryan.
June 31, 1912: Associate Justice Charles E. Hughes is nominated by the Republican Party for President, barely winning over former Vice President Theodore Roosevelt, and other challenges from Senator Albert B. Cummins, Senator Robert La Follette, and incumbent Vice President William Howard Taft. Hughes selects Governor John A. Mead as his running mate over University President Nicholas Butler, Senator Charles W. Fairbanks, and Governor Herbert S. Hadley.
August 4, 1912: President Long endorses Associate Justice Hughes for President.
November 5, 1912: The Kern/Marshall ticket ends the Republican's dominance in the White House by defeating the Hughes/Mead ticket, 303 to 228.

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The Presidency of John W. Kern (1913-1917)
March 4, 1913: John W. Kern became President of the United States.
July 28, 1914: World War I began in Europe
August 15, 1914: The Panama Canal was inaugurated
August 19, 1914: President John W. Kern declared strict U.S. neutrality
November 16, 1914: Federal Reserve Bank opened
July 28, 1915: The United States occupation of Haiti began.
August 5–August 23, 1915: Hurricane Two of the 1915 Atlantic hurricane season over Galveston and New Orleans left 275 dead.
March 8–March 9, 1916: Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa led about 500 Mexican raiders in an attack against Columbus, New Mexico, killing 12 U.S. soldiers. A garrison of the U.S. 13th Cavalry Regiment fights back and drives them away.
March 15, 1916: President John W. Kern sent 12,000 United States troops over the U.S.-Mexico border to pursue Pancho Villa.
May 5, 1916: United States Marines invaded the Dominican Republic.

1916 Presidential Election
June 30, 1916: President Kern and Vice President Marshall are re-nominated by the Democrats for President.
June 31, 1916: The Republicans nominate Senator John W. Weeks for President, over former Vice President Theodore Roosevelt, Associate Justice Charles Evans Hughes, Governor John A. Mead, Senator Charles W. Fairbanks, Senator Warren G. Harding, Congressman Theodore E. Burton, and University President Nicholas Butler. Senator Harding is nominated for Vice President over Senator Fairbanks.
November 7, 1916: The Weeks/Harding ticket defeats the Kern/Marshall ticket, 307 to 224.

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The John W. Weeks Presidency (1917-1921)
March 4, 1917: John W. Weeks became President of the United States
March 8, 1917: The United States Senate adopted the cloture rule to limit filibusters.
April 2, 1917: World War I: President John W. Weeks asks the U.S. Congress for a declaration of war on Germany.
May 15, 1918: The United States Post Office Department (later renamed the United States Postal Service) began the first regular airmail service in the world (between New York City, Philadelphia and Washington, DC).
December 4, 1918: U.S. President John W. Weeks sailed for the Paris Peace Conference, becoming the first U.S. president to travel to Europe while in office.
January 16, 1919: The 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution, authorizing Prohibition, went into effect in the United States.

1920 Presidential Election
June 30, 1920: The Democrats nominate Governor Al Smith for President, over Ambassador James W. Gerard, Mayor Charles W. Bryan, Ambassador John W. Davis, Senator Carter Glass, Governor Woodrow Wilson, former Vice President Thomas R. Marshall, Governor James M. Cox, and Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison. Smith selects Ambassador David R. Francis as his running mate, over Ambassador Davis, Governor Sam V. Stewart, and Assistant Secretary Franklin D. Roosevelt.
June 31, 1920: President Weeks and Vice President Harding are re-nominated for President and Vice President, respectively.
November 2, 1920: President Weeks is re-elected, defeating Governor Smith, 342 to 189.

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The Second Term of John W. Weeks (1921-1925)
March 4, 1921: John W. Weeks inaugurated for a second term as President of the United States
September 22, 1923: U.S. Coal Commission Act
February 28, 1925: Federal Corrupt Practices Act
March 4, 1925: Establishment of the United States Navy Band
March 3, 1925: Mount Rushmore National Memorial Act

1924 Presidential Election
March 3, 1924: Vice President Harding announces he will not run for President in 1924 due to health concerns.
June 30, 1924: The Democrats once again nominate Governor Al Smith for President, defeating challenges from various candidates including Ambassador David R. Francis, Governor Charles W. Bryan, Senator Carter Glass, Ambassador James W. Gerard, Governor James M. Cox, and Senator Joseph T. Robinson. Smith selects Governor Bryan as his running mate, over Mayor Newton D. Baker, Senator Thomas J. Walsh, and Governor Albert Ritchie.
June 31, 1924: The Republicans nominate Senator James E. Watson for President, over Governor Henry Justin Allen, Secretary Charles Evans Hughes, Secretary Herbert Hoover, Senator Hiram Johnson, and Senator James W. Wadsworth, Jr. Watson selects Ambassador Charles B. Warren as his running mate over Secretary Hoover, Congressman Theodore E. Burton, Senator William E. Borah, Budget Director Charles G. Dawes, and Governor Frank Lowden.
August 3, 1924: President Weeks endorses Senator Watson for President.
November 4, 1924: The Watson/Warren ticket defeats the Smith/Bryan ticket, 271 to 260, in one of the closest races in American history.

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The James E. Watson Presidency (1925-1929)
March 4, 1925: James E. Watson is inaugurated as President.
February 26, 1926: Revenue Act of 1926
May 20, 1926: Air Commerce Act
January 17, 1927: U.S. Supreme Court held (McGrain v. Daugherty) that Congress has the power to compel witness and testimony.

1928 Presidential Election
April 15, 1928: President Watson announces he will not run for a second term, stating, "I shall choose to stay for one term, and one term only. It is time for the next generation of Republicans to lead the future onward."
June 30, 1928: Governor Al Smith is again nominated by the Democrats for President, defeating challenges from various candidates including Senator Walter F. George, Senator Pat Harrison, Secretary Edwin T. Meredith, Congressman Henry T. Rainey, Senator Gilbert M. Hitchcock, Congressman William A. Ayres, Assistant Secretary Franklin D. Roosevelt, Senator Thomas J. Walsh, and Governor Charles W. Bryan. Smith selected Senator Joseph T. Robinson as his running mate over Assistant Secretary Roosevelt, Governor Daniel Moody, Senator Duncan U. Fletcher, and Senator Gilbert M. Hitchcock.
June 31, 1928: Senator Charles Curtis is nominated by the Republicans for President, over Senator Frank B. Willis, Secretary Charles Evans Hughes, Senator George W. Norris, Governor Calvin Coolidge, and Secretary Herbert Hoover. Curtis selected Senator Walter Edge as his running mate over Secretary Hoover, Governor Channing Cox, Governor Henry Justin Allen, Congressman John Q. Tilson, and Senator George H. Moses.
July 13, 1928: President Watson endorsed Senator Curtis for President.
November 6, 1928: The Curtis/Edge ticket defeats the Smith/Robinson ticket, 303 to 227.

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The Charles Curtis Presidency (1929-1933)
March 4, 1929: Charles Curtis became President of the United States
October 24, 1929: Wall Street, in its closest scare to date, just misses a crash that would have devastated thousands.
July 28, 1932: Bonus Army was dispersed.

1932 Presidential Election
June 30, 1932: A widely popular figure within the Democratic Party, Governor Al Smith is nominated for the 3rd consecutive time as their party's presidential nominee, defeating Senator Walter F. George, Senator Joseph T. Robinson, and Senator Pat Harrison. Smith picks Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt as his running mate.
June 31, 1932: President Curtis and Vice President Edge are re-nominated by the Republicans.
November 8, 1932: President Curtis is re-elected, defeating Governor Smith, 278 to 253.

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The Second Term of Charles Curtis (1933-1936)
March 4, 1933: Charles Curtis is sworn in for a second term as President of the United States.
January 3, 1934: The second session of 73rd Congress convened as mandated by the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution, that had been ratified one year earlier.
February 8, 1936: President Curtis suffered a heart attack and died. Vice President Walter Edge is sworn in as President, and appoints Governor Styles Bridges as Vice President.

1936 Presidential Election
June 30, 1936: Governor Al Smith is nominated by the Democratic Party, after his very close performance in 1932. He defeats Senator Walter F. George, Senator Joseph T. Robinson, and Editor Henry A. Wallace. Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt is nominated for Vice President.
June 31, 1936: President Edge and Vice President Bridges are nominated by the Republicans.
November 3, 1936: 16 years after his first campaign, Governor Al Smith is elected President, defeating incumbent President Walter Edge in a landslide, 452 to 79.

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The Al Smith Presidency (1937-1941)
January 20, 1937: Al Smith becomes President of the United States
February 5, 1937: President Al Smith's court-packing plan proposed
July 22, 1937: Senate rejects the court-packing plan
October 5, 1937: Smith delivers the Quarantine Speech
August 2, 1939: Albert Einstein wrote to President Al Smith about developing the atomic bomb using uranium. This led to the creation of the Manhattan Project.
September 5, 1939: World War II: The United States declares its neutrality in the war.
November 4, 1939: World War II: President Smith ordered the United States Customs Service to implement the Neutrality Act of 1939, allowing cash-and-carry purchases of weapons to non-belligerent nations.
November 15, 1939: President Smith laid the cornerstone of the Jefferson Memorial.
May 16, 1940: World War II: President Smith, addressed a joint session of Congress, asking for an extraordinary credit of approximately $600 million to finance construction of at least 30,000 airplanes per year.
December 17, 1940: President Smith, at his regular press conference, first outlined his plan to send aid to Great Britain that will become known as Lend-Lease.

1940 Presidential Election
June 30, 1940: President Smith and Vice President Roosevelt are nominated for a second term by the Democrats.
June 31, 1940: Congressman Joseph W. Martin is nominated by the Republicans for President, defeating former President Walter Edge, Senator Robert A. Taft, former Vice President Styles Bridges, Publisher Frank Knox, District Attorney Thomas Dewey, Senator Charles L. McNary, and Senator Arthur Capper. Martin selects District Attorney Dewey as his running mate over Senator McNary.
November 5, 1940: President Smith is re-elected over Congressman Martin, 326 to 205.

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The Second Term of Al Smith (1941-1944)
January 20, 1941: Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes swore in President Smith for a second term.
February 4, 1941: World War II: The United Service Organization (USO) was created to entertain American troops.
December 7, 1941: The United States intercepts an impending attack by the Japanese on Pearl Harbor

1944 Presidential Election
June 30, 1944: Vice President Franklin Roosevelt is nominated by the Democrats for President, and Justice William Douglas is nominated for Vice President.
June 31, 1944: Congressman Joseph W. Martin, Jr. is nominated again by the Republicans, over Governor Earl Warren, Governor Thomas E. Dewey, General Douglas MacArthur, and Governor Harold Stassen. Martin selects Governor Dewey as his running mate, over Governor John W. Bricker.
August 16, 1944: President Smith endorses Vice President Roosevelt for President.
October 4, 1944: President Smith dies of a heart attack, Vice President Roosevelt is sworn in as President and Justice William Douglas is selected as Vice President.
November 7, 1944: The Martin/Dewey ticket defeats the Roosevelt/Douglas ticket, 320 to 210.

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The Presidency of Joseph W. Martin, Jr. (1945-1949)
January 20, 1945: Chief Justice Harlan Stone swears in Joseph W. Martin, Jr. as President of the United States.
September 2, 1945: World War II ended.
January 3, 1947: Proceedings of the U.S. Congress were televised for the first time.
July 18, 1947: The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands entered into a trusteeship with the United Nations and administered by the United States.

1948 Presidential Election
June 30, 1948: Senator Walter F. George is nominated for President by the Democratic Party, defeating challenges from former Vice President William O. Douglas and Senator Richard Russell, Jr. George selects Delegate Adlai Stevenson II as his running mate over Senator Alben Barkley.
June 31, 1948: President Martin is re-nominated by the Republicans for President, and chooses Governor Earl Warren as his new running mate, over incumbent Vice President Thomas E. Dewey, Senator John W. Bricker, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, and Congressman Charles Halleck.
November 2, 1948: President Martin is re-elected, defeating Senator George, 345 to 186.

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The Second Term of Joseph W. Martin, Jr. (1949-1953)
January 20, 1949: Inauguration of President Martin and Vice President Warren.
October 24, 1951: U.S. President Joseph Martin declares an official end to war with Germany.
November 10, 1951: Direct dial coast-to-coast telephone service begins in the United States.
June 19, 1952: The Special Forces are created.
July 25, 1952: Puerto Rico became a Commonwealth of the United States, an unincorporated organized territory, with the ratification of its constitution.

1952 Presidential Election
June 30, 1952: Senator Walter F. George is nominated for the second consecutive time as the Democratic Party's presidential nominee, defeating former Vice President William O. Douglas, Secretary George C. Marshall, Senator Robert S. Kerr, Senator Hubert Humphrey, Governor Adlai Stevenson, Senator Richard Russell, Jr., Senator Paul Howard Douglas, Senator Scott W. Lucas, and Businessman W. Averell Harriman. George selects Senator Russell as his running mate over Senator John J. Sparkman, Senator Estes Kefauver, and Senator Alben W. Barkley.
June 31, 1952: Senator Richard Nixon is nominated as the Republican Party's presidential nominee, over challenges from various candidates, including incumbent Vice President Earl Warren, former Vice President Thomas E. Dewey, General Douglas MacArthur, Senator Wayne Morse, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, and Governor Alfred E. Driscoll. Nixon selects Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. as his running mate.
August 6, 1952: President Martin endorses Senator Nixon for President.
November 4, 1952: The Nixon/Lodge ticket defeats the George/Russell ticket, 323 to 208.

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Any feedback so far?

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The Richard Nixon Presidency (1953-1957)
January 20, 1953: Chief Justice Fred Vinson swears in Richard Nixon as President of the United States.
December 2, 1954: Joseph McCarthy is censured by the U.S. Senate
January 28, 1955: Congress authorized the President to use force to protect Taiwan from the People's Republic of China
February 10, 1955: The United States Navy helped the Republic of China evacuate Chinese Nationalist army and residents from the Tachen Islands to Taiwan.
February 12, 1955: President Nixon sent the first U.S. advisers to South Vietnam.
November 5, 1955: Racial segregation was forbidden on trains and buses in U.S. interstate commerce.
December 5, 1955: The American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations merged to become the AFL-CIO.

1956 Presidential Election
April 13, 1956: President Nixon announces that he will not run for re-election.
June 30, 1956: Senator Walter F. George is again nominated by the Democrats for President, over Secretary George C. Marshall, former Vice President William O. Douglas, Senator Richard Russell, Jr., Senator John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert S. Kerr, and Governor James F. Byrnes. George selects Senator Kennedy as his running mate over Governor Frank G. Clement, Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr., Senator Albert Gore, Sr., and Governor LeRoy Collins.
June 31, 1956: Former Vice President Earl Warren is nominated by the Republican for President, defeating General Dwight D. Eisenhower and former Vice President Thomas E. Dewey. Vice President Lodge is re-nominated for Vice President.
November 6, 1956: The Warren/Lodge ticket defeats the George/Kennedy ticket, 315 to 203.

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The Earl Warren Presidency (1957-1961)
January 20, 1957: Chief Justice Hugo Black swears in Earl Warren as President of the United States.
August 21, 1957: President Warren announced a 2-year suspension of nuclear testing.
September 24, 1957: Little Rock Crisis: President Warren sent federal troops to Arkansas to provide safe passage into Central High School for the Little Rock Nine.
October 4, 1957: The United States launched Satellite 1, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth.
October 21, 1957: The U.S. military sustained its first combat fatality in Vietnam
October 1, 1958: NASA started operations
January 7, 1959: The United States recognizes the new Cuban government of Fidel Castro

1960 Presidential Election
June 30, 1960: Senator John F. Kennedy is nominated as the Democratic Party's presidential nominee, slightly over challenges from former Vice President William O. Douglas, Senator Joseph S. Clark, Senator Wayne Morse, Senator Scoop Jackson, Governor Adlai Stevenson, Senator Eugene McCarthy, and Senator Hubert Humphrey. Kennedy selects Senator Lyndon B. Johnson as his running mate over Senator Jackson.
June 31, 1960: President Warren and Vice President Lodge are re-nominated by the Republicans.
November 8, 1960: The Kennedy/Johnson ticket defeats the Warren/Lodge ticket, 357 to 180.