African-American % by state, by decade
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  African-American % by state, by decade
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Author Topic: African-American % by state, by decade  (Read 1965 times)
TDAS04
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« on: August 04, 2014, 02:05:40 PM »
« edited: August 04, 2014, 02:49:37 PM by TDAS04 »

This thread was just going to compare the black % by state in 1910 and 1970, but ElectionsGuy wants to create maps for all the decades, back through 1790.  To start, I'll just show that even in 1910 the black distribution was very different from today. 

1910:



From darkest to lightest green:
50.0% or more African-Amerian
40.0-49.9%
30.0-39.9%
20.0-29.9%
10.0-19.9%
5.0-9.9%
Less than 5.0% African-American

ElectionsGuy's maps will use the same color scheme.
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ElectionsGuy
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« Reply #1 on: August 04, 2014, 02:39:25 PM »

There's a good wikipedia article on this showing all the data of historical ethnic and racial populations here. I know this is thread is just for 1910 and 1970, but I kind of want to start from the beginning for fun. Here is 1790 (using the same key your using):



I do find it very interesting that in 1910, literally all the states defined as southern by the census bureau have a black population of over 5%, while all the states not defined as southern have a black population under 5%.
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TDAS04
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« Reply #2 on: August 04, 2014, 02:45:39 PM »

There's a good wikipedia article on this showing all the data of historical ethnic and racial populations here. I know this is thread is just for 1910 and 1970, but I kind of want to start from the beginning for fun. Here is 1790 (using the same key your using):



I do find it very interesting that in 1910, literally all the states defined as southern by the census bureau have a black population of over 5%, while all the states not defined as southern have a black population under 5%.

OK, then I'll let you take over.

Yeah, it is interesting that blacks remained so heavily concentrated in the South well into the 1900s.
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memphis
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« Reply #3 on: August 04, 2014, 03:48:45 PM »

So, you guys have heard of the Great Migration, right? It's an important thing. Especially critical to keep in mind when thinking about Reconstruction.  Also, slavery was banned from the Great Lakes states way back in the Articles of Confederation days. So, that's why outside of the big Industrial cities, there are still no black people in the farm country up that way.
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ElectionsGuy
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« Reply #4 on: August 04, 2014, 04:02:27 PM »

1800:



1810:



Not sure what the huge drop in Alabama is all about.

1820:



1830:



1840:



1850:



Kind of weird that Washington is over 10% black here, drops massively to less than 1% in next census.

1860:



1870:



1880:




1890:



1900:



1910 (See OP)

1920:



1930:



1940:



1950:



1960:

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ElectionsGuy
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« Reply #5 on: August 04, 2014, 04:02:51 PM »

1970:



1980:



1990:



2000:



2010:

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CountyTy90
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« Reply #6 on: August 04, 2014, 04:38:23 PM »

I've done some similar studies on counties in individual states starting with the 1980 Census which is when real good data on Hispanics starts. I've done Texas, California, and Rhode Island so far and the changes are fascinating, especially in Texas and California. I've been wanting to do another state; I see that South Carolina was extremely black for a long time; maybe I'll take a look at it.
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« Reply #7 on: August 04, 2014, 04:49:13 PM »

How is West Virginia a different color than Virginia?
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Mopsus
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« Reply #8 on: August 04, 2014, 04:59:47 PM »

It's interesting how often blacks begin as a decent percentage of a state's early population, only to become more and more outnumbered by white immigrants/settlers.
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Sol
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« Reply #9 on: August 04, 2014, 05:35:58 PM »

So, you guys have heard of the Great Migration, right? It's an important thing. Especially critical to keep in mind when thinking about Reconstruction.  Also, slavery was banned from the Great Lakes states way back in the Articles of Confederation days. So, that's why outside of the big Industrial cities, there are still no black people in the farm country up that way.

Actually, a lot of it was deliberately racist policy, particularly in the Lower Midwest.
How is West Virginia a different color than Virginia?

I suppose he went through by counties.
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muon2
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« Reply #10 on: August 04, 2014, 06:13:31 PM »

So, you guys have heard of the Great Migration, right? It's an important thing. Especially critical to keep in mind when thinking about Reconstruction.  Also, slavery was banned from the Great Lakes states way back in the Articles of Confederation days. So, that's why outside of the big Industrial cities, there are still no black people in the farm country up that way.

It is hugely important and shaped the culture and politics of many of the northern cities. Chicago would be quite different without it.
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TDAS04
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« Reply #11 on: August 04, 2014, 07:09:56 PM »
« Edited: August 04, 2014, 07:12:03 PM by TDAS04 »

Good work, ElectionsGuy!

Maryland and Delaware are interesting.  I tend to think of them as Northeastern, but I guess the Census classification of them being Southern makes sense historically, considering they were slave states and that they've always had sizable black populations, even when there were hardly any blacks north of the Mason-Dixon line.

It's also notable how the black percentage in Florida shrunk between 1910 and 1960.
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ElectionsGuy
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« Reply #12 on: August 04, 2014, 07:28:39 PM »
« Edited: August 04, 2014, 07:40:07 PM by ElectionsGuy »

How is West Virginia a different color than Virginia?

The Wikipedia page that I got the data off of separates Virginia and West Virginia automatically, I don't know what it would be put together from 1790-1860.

Same thing with Maine-Massachusetts.
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jimrtex
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« Reply #13 on: August 04, 2014, 10:44:29 PM »


1810:



Not sure what the huge drop in Alabama is all about.
That is for the portion of Mississippi Territory that is now in Alabama.   In 1800 there were around 1000 persons, and in 1810 about 9000.  The southern part of the state (West Florida) was not in the USA at the time.  In 1810, Madison County (one of three counties) had half the population, which would have been settlers pushing down from the mountains of eastern Tennessee.  For a slave economy, you need a way to transport whatever is produced, whether it is cotton, tobacco, sugar, or indigo.  For subsistence farming, you only need a way to get there, and perhaps enough population to provide security from the people you are taking the land from.

1850:



Kind of weird that Washington is over 10% black here, drops massively to less than 1% in next census.
Washington portion of Oregon territory.  152 of 1200 persons, and the census did not distinguish non-black non-whites until the 1860 Census.  This might have included some Indians, black fur traders (such as Jim Beckwourth), and perhaps some Chinese.  In 1860, non-black non-whites only constituted 0.25% of the USA population.

Incidentally, Columbia County, New York may have had its maximum black population in 1800.  In later censuses, the outlying towns were mostly slave, while in Hudson they were mostly free colored (a not atypical pattern that you will also see in places like Baltimore, Charleston, Richmond, New Orleans, and other cities among areas that had slavery.
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True Federalist (진정한 연방 주의자)
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« Reply #14 on: August 05, 2014, 08:05:05 AM »

So, you guys have heard of the Great Migration, right? It's an important thing. Especially critical to keep in mind when thinking about Reconstruction.  Also, slavery was banned from the Great Lakes states way back in the Articles of Confederation days. So, that's why outside of the big Industrial cities, there are still no black people in the farm country up that way.

There's also the fact that before the Civil War, quite a few of the Old Northwest states had laws that barred free blacks from settling there as well.
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True Federalist (진정한 연방 주의자)
Ernest
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« Reply #15 on: August 05, 2014, 08:14:24 AM »

1850:



Kind of weird that Washington is over 10% black here, drops massively to less than 1% in next census.

Not really.  One part of the compromise of 1850 was the banning of the slave trade in the District.  So in the 1850 census, it's quite likely a number of the slaves showing up on the census rolls would have transients who were there on census day simply because there were in the process of being sold.  Incidentally, the prospect of the banning of the slave trade was a major impetus behind the retrocession of Alexandria to Virgina in the 1840s, as Alexandria also had a thriving slave market.  That retrocession probably explains the drop for DC from 30% in 1840 to only 10% in 1850.
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jimrtex
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« Reply #16 on: August 05, 2014, 08:43:36 AM »

1850:



Kind of weird that Washington is over 10% black here, drops massively to less than 1% in next census.
Not really.  One part of the compromise of 1850 was the banning of the slave trade in the District.  So in the 1850 census, it's quite likely a number of the slaves showing up on the census rolls would have transients who were there on census day simply because there were in the process of being sold.  Incidentally, the prospect of the banning of the slave trade was a major impetus behind the retrocession of Alexandria to Virgina in the 1840s, as Alexandria also had a thriving slave market.  That retrocession probably explains the drop for DC from 30% in 1840 to only 10% in 1850.
Washington is the state in the NW corner of the country.

You make the erroneous assumption that the District of Columbia, and the city of Washington have always been coterminous.  They weren't in 1850.
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jimrtex
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« Reply #17 on: August 05, 2014, 08:47:01 AM »

So, you guys have heard of the Great Migration, right? It's an important thing. Especially critical to keep in mind when thinking about Reconstruction.  Also, slavery was banned from the Great Lakes states way back in the Articles of Confederation days. So, that's why outside of the big Industrial cities, there are still no black people in the farm country up that way.

Actually, a lot of it was deliberately racist policy, particularly in the Lower Midwest.
How is West Virginia a different color than Virginia?

I suppose he went through by counties.
Or maybe the Census Bureau did.

Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States
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shua
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« Reply #18 on: February 24, 2015, 01:09:57 AM »

The changes in Kentucky stand out.  Given the state now has a lower percentage of African Americans than CT, it would be easy not to realize the extent of the antebellum black population.
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