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Author Topic: Urban Maps  (Read 16235 times)
Filuwaúrdjan
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« on: February 04, 2014, 05:28:25 PM »

So, I had this very bad idea: why not have a thread for maps (of elections, demographics, whatever... past or present, from anywhere on the planet, potentially) of cities and other urban areas?

So I present unto you, housing types in the Great City of Birmingham:



Figures are from the 2011 census, the geographical units used are purely statistical.*

Across the city, the totals were: Semis 34.7%, Terraced 29.4%, Purpose-Built Flats 20.4%, Detached 10.9%, Converted Flats 3.3% and some smaller categories that I've not mapped.

Dominant Type: the darker colours indicate a majority of housing, the lighter a plurality. The map demonstrates that even after nearly seventy years of redevelopment of one sort or another, housing patterns in Brum remain firmly concentric, even if the buildings that once typified particular rings are long gone.

Semi-Detached: almost all of this is twentieth century housing, and it's mostly privately built as well, though there are important exceptions on some outer council estates. The area with the highest concentration is in the north west of the city (Perry Barr, Oscott et al), specifically the suburb of Perry Beeches which top scores (heh) with 83.8%. Other areas with very high concentrations include Yardley, Hodge Hill proper (which really stands out) and Hall Green. Lowest concentrations are in the city centre because, obviously.

Terraces: mostly these are products of the late 19th century (when Britains first - though extremely limited - housing regulations happily coincided with a desire amongst skilled workers to get the hell out of Birmingham's notorious back-to-back courts), but there's also a substantial amount of twentieth century council housing in this category as well. The area with the highest concentration is Bournbrook in the south of the city (built for workers, now a student ghetto) which is part of a generally high concentration; in the huge belt of by-law housing that stretches from Washwood Heath, through Saltley, Small Heath and Sparkbrook; and a similar belt from Winson Green through Gib Heath, Lozells, and Aston. Shard End and Fox Hollies are notable examples of council estates with very high levels of terraced housing. Lowest levels are in the city centre (duh) and in Sutton Coldfield (double duh). Newer suburbs in Yardley as well, which is slightly more interesting.

Purpose-Built Flats: the majority of these were built in the second half of the twentieth century and as council housing, often high rise (there's much less of the latter than twenty years ago, incidentally). But, as in other Western cities, there are now other types of flats-built-as-flats, and they're often very new: the newer type of student housing (which is often private sector), and flats for young professional types. Note that much of the very high concentrations in the city centre are actually social housing still, even if that's (obviously) where most of the yuppie flats bist. The geographical patterns regarding that are interesting and will be brought to you very soon (perhaps). Lowest concentrations are generally where the highest concentrations of Semis are.

Detached: mostly twentieth century bourgeois suburbia, but also those big 19th century villas that haven't been broken up yet. Highest concentrations are in Sutton Coldfield because of course they are. Houses such as these are where The Man lives and in Brum The Man lives in Sutton Coldfield. Note also the old belt of Victorian Villadom centred on Edgbaston. Lowest concentrations in the city centre, council estates and random bits of Semi-dominated suburbia.

Flats in Converted Houses: not a major factor in most of the city, but there are high concentrations in places. Mostly places where Victorian Villadom has surrendered to (down)market forces. In the case of Moseley (the area with the highest concentration) this included being next door to Balsall Heath, which was the biggest Red Light District in the Midlands for decades.

*Mid level Super Output Areas in the unlikely event that you're interested. Birmingham's electoral wards are too large to give anything more than an overview of things.
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Franknburger
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« Reply #1 on: February 04, 2014, 05:51:09 PM »

Do I need to say that this idea of yours is anything but bad? Anyway - please continue (and one or another hint on how certain socio-demographic patterns affect voting will also be appreciated - I might come up with qualified guesses myself, but each country and even each city is ultimately special).
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EPG
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« Reply #2 on: February 04, 2014, 07:16:09 PM »

Good.

I can't upload files yet, but I will contribute once I can.
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YL
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« Reply #3 on: February 05, 2014, 05:08:48 AM »

Nice.  How did you draw the blank SOA map?

Here are some Sheffield (ward level, which is nearly as crude as in Brum) maps I posted some time ago:

Starting with housing tenure (NB using the "persons" figures, not the households ones):

Total "owned".



Total "social rented".  Fairly predictable patterns here (big inter-war council estates in the wards with the highest figures, lowest figures in the south-west).



Total "private rented".  Spot the students.



Here are education levels in Sheffield.  These are percentages of over-16s.  None of the patterns are very surprising though they're quite striking.

First, no qualifications.


Next, "Level 3" qualifications (but not higher).  This basically means university entrance level, which of course means what students tend to have.



Finally, degree level.


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True Federalist (진정한 연방 주의자)
Ernest
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« Reply #4 on: February 05, 2014, 09:57:29 AM »

Is it telling that we've had entirely too much drama on the forum of late, that I initially read the thread title as "Unban Maps"⸮
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Swedish Rainbow Capitalist Cheese
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« Reply #5 on: February 05, 2014, 12:57:19 PM »

MALMÖ -2010 General Election

Red-Greens vs. Alliance
(How big their victory over the other coalition was)





Largest party




Support for the Social Democrats (S)



Support for the Greens (MP)



Support for the Sweden Democrats (SD)



*A map of support for the Moderates are under production but never finished.
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traininthedistance
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« Reply #6 on: February 05, 2014, 01:42:17 PM »

Great thread.

FTR, translating British-to-Murrican for the OP:  "Terraced houses" are basically rowhouses; "Semi-detached" appear to be duplexes/twins/two-family homes (a style which is quite rare in the USA, though I actually rented a room in one back when I lived in West Philadelphia, one of the few areas where they can be found in abundance).
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True Federalist (진정한 연방 주의자)
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« Reply #7 on: February 05, 2014, 04:57:14 PM »

Great thread.

FTR, translating British-to-Murrican for the OP:  "Terraced houses" are basically rowhouses; "Semi-detached" appear to be duplexes/twins/two-family homes (a style which is quite rare in the USA, though I actually rented a room in one back when I lived in West Philadelphia, one of the few areas where they can be found in abundance).

Patio homes (as they are called in the local real estate market) aren't too uncommon around here as starter homes.  But that's only here in the metro core where it's essentially impossible to find a piece of land to plunk a mobile home on.
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YL
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« Reply #8 on: February 05, 2014, 05:35:50 PM »

Here's a Street View of some semi detached houses.
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EPG
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« Reply #9 on: February 05, 2014, 05:59:51 PM »


What is mega-SD-land to the east of the centre?
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Swedish Rainbow Capitalist Cheese
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« Reply #10 on: February 06, 2014, 05:24:31 AM »


What is mega-SD-land to the east of the centre?

Poor white neighborhood next to the most immigrant heavy areas in Malmö.
SD's best precinct in the whole country. 
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Cranberry
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« Reply #11 on: February 07, 2014, 10:56:54 AM »

That's an interesting topic.
I can't post maps yet, but when I'm able to, I could contribute some Austrian maps, mainly of Vienna.
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Swedish Rainbow Capitalist Cheese
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« Reply #12 on: February 08, 2014, 10:39:41 AM »

That's an interesting topic.
I can't post maps yet, but when I'm able to, I could contribute some Austrian maps, mainly of Vienna.

I know someone on this forum who is going to love you. ^^
(But I see that you and Tender has already met. Tongue)
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YL
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« Reply #13 on: February 09, 2014, 06:29:50 AM »

A present for nostalgic Tories:



... and a more normal election on the same ward boundaries:

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Filuwaúrdjan
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« Reply #14 on: February 10, 2014, 12:35:48 PM »

Nice.  How did you draw the blank SOA map?

A very steady hand and dear old MS Paint.
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Filuwaúrdjan
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« Reply #15 on: February 10, 2014, 01:40:23 PM »

Forgot to mention: presumably old people's homes etc. would also come under the purpose built flats, explaining some of the odd patterns in seemingly middle class suburbs. etc.

(and one or another hint on how certain socio-demographic patterns affect voting will also be appreciated - I might come up with qualified guesses myself, but each country and even each city is ultimately special).

An issue with that kind of thing in Britain is the lack of results by polling division (and worse: for General Elections there aren't even results by ward), which means a certain lack of precision. You can extrapolate to an extent from local election results, and in 2010 there were local elections on the same day as the General Election. But, alas, Birmingham is notorious for divergent electoral patterns.

Very quick map of parliamentary majorities (2010 election) using the standard scale thing:


Maps of city council elections on the same day, which ought to give some indication, but really not that reliable in parts of the city, and there's also the problem of the Tories and LibDems deliberately running dead in wards where the other is strong: https://uselectionatlas.org/FORUM/GALLERY/8_17_05_10_2_31_27.PNG

Maps of low turnout elections:

2011 city council elections: https://uselectionatlas.org/FORUM/GALLERY/8_22_05_11_10_52_37.PNG
2009 euro elections: https://uselectionatlas.org/FORUM/GALLERY/8_13_12_09_2_51_03.PNG
2008 city council elections: https://uselectionatlas.org/FORUM/GALLERY/8_19_09_08_2_54_47.PNG
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Filuwaúrdjan
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« Reply #16 on: February 12, 2014, 04:25:53 PM »



2010 General Election results (percentage majorities) in London.
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Filuwaúrdjan
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« Reply #17 on: February 18, 2014, 09:34:32 AM »

Housing types in Sheffield:



The same level of statistical geography has been used as for Brum. Figures across the city: Semis 36.4, Terraced 27.3, Purpose-Built Flats 18.9, Detached 14.3, Converted Flats 2.1, and then others.

A lot of patterns very similar to Birmingham, but note that area in the south east of the city with very high figures for detached homes is a predominantly working class area.
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YL
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« Reply #18 on: February 18, 2014, 01:23:09 PM »

A lot of patterns very similar to Birmingham, but note that area in the south east of the city with very high figures for detached homes is a predominantly working class area.

That's the Mosborough Townships.  They're essentially a bit like a New Town, but built contiguously with older areas of the city and with the city boundaries extended to include the area.  Much of the development was in the 1980s.  On the maps I posted earlier, they show up as having high levels of owner occupation but low levels of degree level education.  Politically, they're usually Labour, but not as safe as the rest of east Sheffield: the Lib Dems won Mosborough ward in 2008, and the Tories have occasionally threatened to come close in Beighton.  (Threatening to come close in a ward is about as well as they do in Sheffield these days.)

The area in the west of the city where "purpose built flat" is dominant is definitely down to purpose built student housing.  I think the "flat in converted house" category is student dominated, too.

As in Brum the "terraced" category includes both Victorian/Edwardian bylaw housing (and slightly larger terraced villas) and some more recent council housing.  The areas south-east of the city centre will be the latter, otherwise more the former, especially in the inner west of the city.
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rpryor03
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« Reply #19 on: February 19, 2014, 12:32:52 PM »

This is an interesting idea, and you can bet I'll be watching.
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Filuwaúrdjan
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« Reply #20 on: February 19, 2014, 12:33:43 PM »

That's the Mosborough Townships.  They're essentially a bit like a New Town, but built contiguously with older areas of the city and with the city boundaries extended to include the area.  Much of the development was in the 1980s.

The area was basically pit villages until then IIRC: N.E. Derbyshire CLP were less than happy about losing the area.

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Yes, and the highest in the terraced category is also majority student (though not super majority).

Elsewhere, as you know, the flats are mostly council built. And as in Birmingham the map would have looked very different a few decades back.

Probably this is the point to mention Park Hill.



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One interesting difference between housing patterns in the two cities is the higher proportion of Semis on council estates in Sheffield.
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Insula Dei
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« Reply #21 on: February 19, 2014, 05:15:25 PM »

A lot of boredom, a not very steady hand and sheer unwillingness to do anything productive with my time produced the following:



(Brussels, obviously)
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Filuwaúrdjan
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« Reply #22 on: February 19, 2014, 08:00:03 PM »

Is the pattern similar now?
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Insula Dei
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« Reply #23 on: February 20, 2014, 07:42:23 AM »

Broadly speaking, yes.

The amount of people with 'Only Dutch' as language spoken at home has about halved in the last 60 years or so (from 9,4% to 5.2%) and these people will still be mostly located in the communes they were located in in 1947 (at the date of the last linguistic census). The demographical composition of the group will have changed somewhat, I suppose, with an increasingly small number of native, neerlandophone Bruxellois being supplemented with an influx of Flemish 'immigrants' in, for example, Brussels proper. 

The largest group in terms of home language in 1947 was 'French and Dutch'; today (in the sample-based BRIO-Taalbarometer) would be 'French and other language'. Obviously that evolution has also wreaked havoc with the etno-linguistic balance of the city. Anderlecht and Molenbeek (two of the darker communes to the West of the city-centre) today are usually thought of as Maghrabi in atmosphere, not Flemish.
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Franknburger
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« Reply #24 on: February 20, 2014, 10:36:03 AM »

Though it would be interesting to have the suburbs (which are actually in conurbation with Brussels) included here as well. When I think of my family there (Vilvoorde / Zaventem/ Sterrebeek area), may aunt's household was obviously bi-lingual (Flemish-German). Two of my cousins married francophone partners, two other Flemish-speakers, but all the marriages ultimately broke up, and my cousins tend to speak Flemish with their children (but also German, when we visit them - they all used to work for longer periods with German companies - so I think that still qualifies as multi-lingual households). I think I have a few years ago seen a map on how Flemish is entering Brussels from the East, would be interesting if that trend goes on.

Btw, just in case you wonder what is driving my interest - my oldest cousin's first marriage broke up because he couldn't stand his father-in-law's Flemish nationalism (with Gross-German undertones) anymore, and what he shared on that with me was quite irritating.
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