Public Offices held by Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates

[Lincoln Republican]

1856 Continued

William L Dayton NJ Whig, Republican

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A distant relation of  Jonathan Dayton, U.S. House of Representatives Speaker, U.S. Constitution signatory
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1825 Graduated from College of New Jersey, now Princeton University

Worked as a lawyer in Freehold, NJ

1837 NJ Legislative Council

1838 Associate Judge NJ Supreme Court

Following the death of U.S. Senator Samuel L Southard, was appointed to U.S. Senate NJ starting Jul 2, 1842 and was re-elected by the New Jersey Legislature as a Whig in 1845, but lost in 1851, ending his service on Mar 4

Jul 2 1842-Mar 4 1851 U.S. Senate NJ

1856 Selected by Republican Party as Republican Party nominee for Vice President U.S. over Abraham Lincoln.  Dayton became the first Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S.

1856 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with John C Fremont, lost

1857-1861 Attorney General NJ

May 19 1861-Dec 1 1864 U.S. Minister to France, died in office

Nathaniel P Banks MA Democratic, North American Party, Republican, Liberal Republican

Schooling until age 14

Worked in a mill

Continued to improve his reading skills, and listened to prominent orators, such as Daniel Webster, to become proficient in public speaking  

1840 Asked by Democratic Party to speak at campaign events during 1840 elections

1844 Candidate for MA State House of Representatives, lost

1844 Worked for Collector of the Port of Boston

1847 Candidate for MA State House of Representatives, lost

1849-1852 MA State House of Representatives

1851-1852 Speaker MA State House of Representatives

1852 Sought Democratic nomination for a seat in U.S. House of Representatives MA. While it was at first granted, his refusal to disavow abolitionist positions meant party support was withdrawn.  Ended up winning a narrow victory with Free Soil support.

1853 Delegate to MA State Constitutional Convention

Mar 4 1853-Dec 24 1857 U.S. House of Representatives MA

1854 Joined Know Nothing cause, renominated for US. House of Representatives MA by Democrats and Free Soil, won

1855 Chair of a new Republican Party convention

1856 Played a role in bringing forward John C Fremont as a moderate Republican Presidential nominee

1856 Nominated for President U.S. by North American Party. Withdrew as a candidate when John C Fremont won Republican nomination for President U.S. to support Fremont. North American Party supported Fremont.

Feb 2 1856-Mar 4 1857 Speaker U.S. House of Representatives

Jan 7 1858-Jan 3 1861 Governor MA, Republican

1860 Made a serious attempt to win Republican Presidential nomination, lost to Abraham Lincoln

1861 Resident Director in Chicago, IL of Illinois Central Railroad

1861 Considered by President Lincoln for a cabinet post

May 16 1861 Chosen by President Lincoln as one of the first Major Generals of Volunteers

1861-1865, Major General, Union Army, American Civil War  

Dec 4 1865-Mar 3 1873 U.S. House of Representatives MA, Republican

1872 Joined Liberal Republican revolt against President Grant in support of Horace Greeley

1872 Received 1 electoral vote for Vice President U.S.

1874 MA State Senate

Mar 4 1875-Mar 3 1879 U.S. House of Representatives MA, Independent

1878 Defeated in bid for reelection to U.S. House of Representatives MA

1879-1888 U.S. Marshall for MA, appointed by President Rutherford B Hayes

Mar 4 1889-Mar 3 1891 U.S. House of Representatives MA

William F Johnston PA Democratic, Whig, North American Party

A lawyer by training

1829 District Attorney Westmoreland County, PA

Elected PA State Legislature, Democratic

1847 Switched to Whig Party to run for PA State Senate

1848-1849 PA State Senate

1848 Elected Speaker PA State Senate

1848 Upon resignation of Governor Francis Shunk assumed position Governor PA

Jul 9 1848-Jan 20 1852 Governor PA.  Won election to position 1849, serving to 1852.
 
1851 Defeated for re-election Governor PA

1856 Chairman North American Party National Convention

1856 Nominated by North American Party for Vice President U.S. with Nathaniel P Banks. Johnston later withdrew when the North American Party and the Republican Party failed to find an acceptable accommodation between him and the Republican nominee for Vice President U.S., William L Dayton

Millard Fillmore NY American Party (Know Nothing) candidate for President U.S. See 1848

Andrew Jackson Donelson TN Democratic, American Party (Know Nothing)

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Brother of Daniel Smith Donelson, TN House of Representatives 1841-1843, TN House of Representatives 1855-1861, Speaker TN House of Representatives 1859-1861

Nephew of Andrew Jackson, U.S. House of Representatives TN 1796-1797, Military Governor FL 1821, U.S. Senate TN 1823-1825, President U.S. 1829-1837
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Attended Cumberland College in Nashville

Joined the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, graduating second in his class in 1820

1820-1821 U.S. Army spent as Aide-De-Camp to Major General Andrew Jackson

Donelson resigned his commission and studied law at Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky. A year later, he started practicing law in Nashville.

1824 Assisted in Andrew Jackson's Presidential campaign

1828 Assisted in Andrew Jackson's Presidential campaign

1829-1836 Donelson's wife Emily Donelson served as White House Hostess and unofficial First Lady of U.S. during Presidency of Andrew Jackson  
 
1829-1837 Private Secretary to President Andrew Jackson

Nov 29 1844-Aug 9 1845 Charge D' Affaires of U.S. Mission to Republic of Texas

Jul 18 1846-Nov 2 1849 Minister to Prussia

Sep 1848-Nov 1849 During the time of the Frankfurt Parliament, U.S. Envoy to short lived Revolutionary Government of Germany in Frankfurt

1856 American Party (Know Nothing) candidate for Vice President U.S. with Millard Fillmore, lost

1858 Participated primarily in TN local politics

1860 Delegate to Constitutional Union Party's nominating convention which nominated John Bell for President U.S. and Edward Everett for Vice President U.S.

A group of North American delegates called the North American Seceders withdrew from the convention and met separately. They objected to the attempt to work with the Republican Party. The Seceders held their own national convention on Jun 16-Jun 17 1856. 19 delegates unanimously nominated Robert F Stockton for President and Kenneth Rayner for Vice President. The Seceders' ticket later withdrew from the contest.

Robert F Stockton NJ Democratic, North American Party, North American Seceders (withdrew from North American Party)

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Grandson of Judge Richard Stockton, Attorney General New Jersey, New Jersey Provincial Council, New Jersey Provincial Supreme Court, a signer of the Declaration of Independence

Son of Richard Stockton, U.S. House of Representatives New Jersey, U.S. Senate New Jersey  

Father of John P Stockton, U.S. Senator New Jersey  
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1811-late 1820's, 1838-1850 United States Navy, serving in War of 1812, Mexican-American War, ranks of midshipman, Lieutenant, Captain, Commodore

1841 Offered post of U.S. Secretary of the Navy by President John Tyler, declined offer

1844 Sent by President James K Polk to Texas with Polk's offer to annex Texas

Jul 16 1846-Jan 16 1847 Military Governor California

Mar 4 1851-Jan 10 1853 U.S. Senate NJ, Democratic

1853-1866 President Delaware and Raritan Canal Company

1856 North American Seceders candidate for President U.S., ticket withdrew from election

1861 Appointed as a delegate to the unsuccessful Peace Conference of 1861 that attempted to settle the secession crisis

1863 Appointed to command NJ militia when the Confederate Army invaded Pennsylvania

Kenneth Rayner NC Whig, North American Party, North American Seceders (withdrew from North American Party)

Attended Tarborough Academy, then studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1829. Moved to Hertford County, where he practiced law.

1835 Delegate to NC State Constitutional Convention

1835-1838 NC House of Commons (NC House of Representatives)

Mar 4 1839-Mar 3 1845 U.S. House of Representatives NC

1845-1851 NC House of Commons (NC House of Representatives)

In 1848 Rayner sought an honor, which had he achieved it, would have made him President of the United States. His close personal friend, Zachary Taylor, was seeking the Whig nomination for the Presidency, and it was Rayner's desire to join him on the ticket as candidate for the Vice Presidency. Rayner's opponent for the Vice Presidential nomination was Millard Fillmore. The two men were close friends and agreed to submit their pretensions to a caucus of party leaders to choose between them. There Rayner lost to Fillmore by one vote. Taylor and Fillmore went on to victory. After but a year in office, Taylor died, and it is reported that Rayner was among those attending the inauguration of President Millard Fillmore on Wednesday, 10 July 1850, at noon in the hall of the House of Representatives.

1854-1855 NC State Senate

1856 North American Seceders candidate for Vice President U.S. with Robert F Stockton, ticket withdrew from election

1871 One of the Court Commissioners to settle Alabama claims, appointed by President Ulysses S Grant

1877-1884 Solicitor U.S. Treasury

Gerrit Smith NY National Liberty Party candidate for President U.S. See 1848

[Lincoln Republican]

1860

Abraham Lincoln IL Whig 1834-1854, Republican 1854-1864, National Union Party 1864-1865

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Father of Robert Todd Lincoln, U.S. Secretary of War 1881-1885 under Presidents James A Garfield and Chester A Arthur, U.S. Ambassador to United Kingdom 1889-1893 under President Benjamin Harrison

From 1884 to 1912, Lincoln's name was mentioned in varying degrees of seriousness as a candidate for the Republican Presidential or Vice Presidential nomination. At every turn, he adamantly disavowed any interest in running and stated he would not accept either position if nominated.

Of interest, Robert Todd Lincoln was coincidentally either present or nearby when three Presidential assassinations occurred
 
Robert Lincoln was not present at his father's assassination when President Abraham Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865. He was at the White House, and rushed to be with his parents. President Lincoln was moved to the Petersen House after the shooting, where Robert attended his father's deathbed.

At President James A Garfield's invitation, Robert Lincoln was at the Sixth Street Train Station in Washington, D.C., when President Garfield was shot by Charles J Guiteau on July 2, 1881, and was an eyewitness to the event. Robert Lincoln was serving as Garfield's Secretary of War at the time.

At President William McKinley's invitation, Robert Lincoln was at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York, where President McKinley was shot by Leon Czolgosz on September 6, 1901. Though he was not an eyewitness to the event, he was just outside the building where the shooting occurred.

Robert Lincoln himself recognized these coincidences. He is said to have refused a later Presidential invitation with the comment, "No, I'm not going, and they'd better not ask me, because there is a certain fatality about Presidential functions when I am present."

Of interest, Robert Todd Lincoln was once saved from possible serious injury or death by Edwin Booth, whose brother, John Wilkes Booth, was the assassin of Robert's father, President Abraham Lincoln. The incident took place on a train platform in Jersey City, New Jersey. The exact date of the incident is uncertain, but it is believed to have taken place in late 1863 or early 1864, before John Wilkes Booth's assassination of President Lincoln on April 14, 1865.

Robert Todd Lincoln recalled the incident in a 1909 letter to Richard Watson Gilder, editor of The Century Magazine:

"The incident occurred while a group of passengers were late at night purchasing their sleeping car places from the conductor who stood on the station platform at the entrance of the car. The platform was about the height of the car floor, and there was of course a narrow space between the platform and the car body. There was some crowding, and I happened to be pressed by it against the car body while waiting my turn. In this situation the train began to move, and by the motion I was twisted off my feet, and had dropped somewhat, with feet downward, into the open space, and was personally helpless, when my coat collar was vigorously seized and I was quickly pulled up and out to a secure footing on the platform. Upon turning to thank my rescuer I saw it was Edwin Booth, whose face was of course well known to me, and I expressed my gratitude to him, and in doing so, called him by name."
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Apr 21 1832-Jul 10 1832 Captain in Illinois Militia during Blackhawk War

Lincoln decided to become a lawyer and began teaching himself law by reading Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England and other law books

1832 Candidate for IL State House of Representatives, lost

May 7 1833-May 30 1836 Postmaster New Salem, IL, served until the office was closed

Jan 1834-Sep 1835 New Salem, IL County Surveyor

Dec 1 1834-Dec 4 1842 IL State House of Representatives

1836 Admitted to Illinois bar, moved to Springfield, IL and began to practice law

Sep 22 1842 A young Abraham Lincoln, then a member of the Illinois State House of Representatives, publicly chastised James Shields, Illinois State Auditor, in the course of a debate about banking in Illinois.  The ridicule pushed Shields to challenge Lincoln to a duel in which the victor would take both the life and the pride of his opponent. The duel was held in Missouri, where dueling was still legal, on Bloody Island, adjacent to St. Louis. The weapons, chosen by Lincoln, were Cavalry broadswords. Lincoln dropped his sword, followed by Shields.  Neither was injured. The two became life long friends.

1846 If elected, pledged to serve only one term in U.S. House of Representatives

Mar 4 1847-Mar 3 1849 U.S. House of Representatives IL

1848 Supported Zachary Taylor for President, who won

Lincoln hoped to be appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office but was passed over

Offered post as Secretary or Governor of Oregon Territory, declined it

1854 Whig Party candidate for U.S. Senate IL, defeated
 
Late 1854, ran as a Whig for U.S. Senate seat from IL. At that time, Senators were elected by the state legislature. After leading in the first six rounds of voting in the IL Assembly, his support began to dwindle, and Lincoln instructed his backers to vote for Lyman Trumbull, who defeated opponent Joel Aldrich Matteson. The Whigs had been irreparably split by the Kansas–Nebraska Act.

Drawing on remnants of the old Whig Party, and on disenchanted Free Soil, Liberty, and Democratic Party members, Lincoln was instrumental in forging the shape of the new Republican Party

At the 1856 Republican National Convention, which nominated John C Fremont for President U.S., Lincoln placed second in the contest to become the party's candidate for Vice President U.S., losing to William L Dayton

1858 Republican Party candidate for U.S. Senate IL, lost to Stephen A Douglas

1860 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., elected

1864 National Union Party candidate for President U.S., reelected

To sound a theme of unity, Lincoln in 1864 ran under the banner of the National Union Party, rather than the Republican Party. At the party's convention in Baltimore in June, Lincoln was easily nominated, although there had been some talk of replacing him with a Cabinet officer or one of the more successful Generals. After the convention backed Lincoln, former Secretary of War Simon Cameron offered a resolution to nominate Vice President Hannibal Hamlin, which was defeated.  

Mar 4 1861-Apr 15 1865 16th President U.S., assassinated

Mar 4 1861-Mar 4 1865 Republican Party
Mar 4 1865-Apr 15 1865 National Union Party

Shot by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer, at Ford's Theatre in Washington DC on Apr 14 1865, died Apr 15 1865

The Lyceum Address

Abraham Lincoln's Lyceum Address was delivered to the Young Men's Lyceum of Springfield, Illinois on January 27, 1838, titled "The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions". In this speech, Lincoln spoke about the dangers of slavery in the United States, as the institution could corrupt the federal government. Lincoln warned that mobs or people who disrespected U.S. laws and courts could destroy the United States. He went on to say the Constitution and rule of law in the United States are "the political religion of our nation."

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates were a series of seven debates held during the 1858 United States Senate election for Illinois between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican Party candidate and incumbent Senator Stephen Douglas, the Democratic Party candidate. Historians have traditionally regarded the series of  debates as among the most significant statements in American political history.  

The Emancipation Proclamation

The Emancipation Proclamation was a Presidential proclamation and executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. In a single stroke it changed the legal status, as recognized by the United States federal government, of three million slaves in the designated areas of the South from "slave" to "free." Eventually it reached and liberated all of the designated slaves.

The Gettysburg Address

The Gettysburg Address is a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, one of the best-known in American history. It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War, on the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863, at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg. Abraham Lincoln's carefully crafted address, secondary to other presentations that day, was one of the greatest and most influential statements of national purpose.

One of four Presidents whose likeness appears on Mount Rushmore, along with George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt

First Lady of the United States Mary Todd Lincoln 1861-1865

Was sent to Madame Mantelle's finishing school, where the curriculum concentrated on French and literature. She learned to speak French fluently and studied dance, drama, music, and social graces. By age 20, she was regarded as witty and gregarious, with a grasp of politics.

Was popular among the gentry of Springfield, and interestingly, though she was courted by the rising young lawyer and Democratic Party politician Stephen A Douglas, arch rival of Abraham Lincoln, and others, she chose Abraham Lincoln, a fellow Whig.

During her White House years, Mary Lincoln faced many personal difficulties generated by political divisions within the nation. Her family was from a border state where slavery was permitted. Several of her half-brothers served in the Confederate Army and were killed in action, and one brother served the Confederacy as a surgeon.

She staunchly supported her husband in his quest to save the Union and was strictly loyal to his policies. She had difficulty negotiating White House social responsibilities and rivalries. She refurbished the White House, which included extensive redecorating of all the public and private rooms as well as the purchase of new china, which led to extensive overspending. 

Hannibal Hamlin ME Anti-Slavery Wing of Democratic Party until 1856, Republican 1856-1891

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Descendant in the sixth generation of English colonist James Hamlin, who had settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1639

Father of Charles Hamlin City Solicitor Bangor, ME 1867,  ME State House of Representatives 1883–1887, Speaker ME State House of Representatives 1885-1887

Father of Cyrus Hamlin, who served as an aide-de-camp to Major General John C Frémont during Civil War. Attained rank of Brigadier General during Civil War, and was awarded  honorary grade of Brevet Major General, U.S. Volunteers, nominated by President Andrew Johnson to rank from March 13, 1865, with U.S. Senate confirming the award April 26, 1866.

Father of Hannibal Emery Hamlin Attorney General ME 1905-1908

Great nephew of Samuel Livermore, member NH General Court (the state's General Assembly) 1768-1769, Judge-Advocate in Admiralty court and Attorney General NH 1769-1774, Holderness State Attorney 1775-1778, Member Continental Congress 1780-1782 and 1785-1786, Chief Justice NH Superior Court of Judicature 1782-1789, Member State Constitutional Convention 1788, U.S. House of Representatives NH 1789-1793, President State Constitutional Convention 1791, U.S. Senate NH 1793-1801, President Pro Tempore U.S. Senate 1796 and 1799

Grandson of Stephen Emery, Attorney General ME 1839–1840
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Attended Hebron Academy

Studied law and was admitted to bar in 1833. Began practicing in Hampden, a suburb of Bangor, where he lived until 1848.

1836-1841 ME State House of Representatives

1837 Speaker ME State House of Representatives

1839 Speaker ME State House of Representatives

1839 Served in Aroostook War

1840 Speaker ME State House of Representatives

1840 Democratic candidate for U.S. House of Representatives ME, defeated

Mar 4 1843-Mar 3 1847 U.S. House of Representatives ME

1847 ME State House of Representatives

Jun 8 1848-Jan 7 1857 U.S. Senate ME

Jan 8 1857-Feb 25 1857 Governor ME

Mar 4 1857-Jan 17 1861 U.S. Senate ME

1860 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Abraham Lincoln, won

Although Hamlin was the Republican Vice Presidential candidate under Abraham Lincoln, he did not meet Lincoln until after the election

Mar 4 1861-Mar 4 1865 15th Vice President U.S., Republican, under Abraham Lincoln

Beginning in 1860, a member of Company A of the Maine Coast Guard, a militia unit. When the company was called up in the summer of 1864, Hamlin was told that because of his position as Vice President U.S., he did not have to take part in the muster. He opted to serve, arguing that he could set an example by doing the duty expected of any citizen, and the only concession made because of his office was that he was quartered with the officers. He reported to Fort McClary in July, initially taking part in routine assignments including guard duty, and later taking over as the company cook. He was promoted to Corporal during his service, and mustered out with the rest of his unit in mid-September 1864.

In June 1864, the Republicans and War Democrats joined to form the National Union Party. Although Lincoln was renominated, War Democrat Andrew Johnson of Tennessee was named to replace Hamlin as Lincoln's running mate for Vice President U.S. Lincoln was seeking to broaden his base of support and was also looking ahead to Southern Reconstruction, at which Johnson had proven himself adept as military Governor of occupied Tennessee. Hamlin, by contrast, was an ally of Northern radicals, who would later impeach Johnson. Lincoln and Johnson were elected in November 1864, and Hamlin's term expired on March 4, 1865.

1864 Helped with Lincoln’s successful Presidential reelection campaign

1865 Appointed by President Andrew Johnson as Collector for the port of Boston, resigned 1866

Hamlin served only briefly as Collector of the port of Boston, resigning in protest over Johnson's Reconstruction policy

1868 Against his wishes, Hamlin's name was put forward as a Vice Presidential candidate on the Republican ticket headed by Ulysses S Grant, but the nomination went to House Speaker Schuyler Colfax

Mar 4 1869-Mar 3 1881 U.S. Senate ME, Republican

Jun 30 1881-Oct 17 1882 U.S. Envoy Extraordinary & Minister Plenipotentiary (Ambassador) to Spain. Secretary of State James G. Blaine, also from Maine, convinced President James A. Garfield to name Hamlin to the position.

Although Hamlin narrowly missed becoming President, his Vice Presidency would usher in a half-century of sustained national influence for the Maine Republican Party. In the period 1861–1911, Maine Republicans occupied the offices of Vice President, Secretary of the Treasury, twice, Secretary of State, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, twice, and would field a national Presidential candidate in James G. Blaine, a level of influence in national politics unmatched by subsequent Maine political delegations.

For 16 years was a regent of the Smithsonian Institution and for 20 years was dean of the Board of Regents for Waterville College, now Colby College

Second Lady of the United States Ellen Hamlin 1861-1865

[Lincoln Republican]

1860 Continued

John C Breckinridge KY Southern Democratic Party candidate for President U.S. See 1856

Joseph Lane IN Democratic, Southern Democratic

Was largely self-educated, learning about the world from books which he read at night

Was an eloquent public speaker

Captain of local militia

Colonel, Brigadier General, Major General Mexican-American War serving under Zachary Taylor

1822-1823 IN State House of Representatives

1830-1833 IN State House of Representatives

1838-1839 IN State House of Representatives

1839-1840 IN State Senate

1844-1846 IN State Senate

Mar 3 1848-Jun 18 1850 Governor Oregon Territory

Mar 4 1851-Feb 14 1859 Delegate to U.S. House of Representatives from Oregon Territory

May 1853 for 3 days Acting Territorial Governor Oregon Territory

Feb 14 1859-Mar 4 1861 U.S. Senate Oregon

1860 Southern Democratic candidate for Vice President U.S. with John C Breckenridge, lost

John Bell TN Democratic-Republican, Democratic, National Republican, Whig, American, Constitutional Union  

Graduated from Cumberland College, later renamed the University of Nashville, in 1814 and studied law

Admitted to the bar in 1816 and established a prosperous practice in Franklin

1817-1819 TN State Senate

Mar 4 1827-Mar 4 1841 U.S. House of Representatives TN

1831 Recommended to President Andrew Jackson for U.S. Secretary of War, passed over

Jun 2 1834-Mar 4 1835 Speaker U.S. House of Representatives

Mar 5 1841-Sep 13 1841 U.S. Secretary of War under William Henry Harrison, John Tyler

1847 TN State House of Representatives.  Declined House Speakership.

Nov 22 1847-Mar 4 1859 U.S. Senate TN

1860 Constitutional Union candidate for President U.S., lost to Abraham Lincoln, John C Breckenridge

Apr 1861 Abandoned the Union cause and supported the Confederacy

Edward Everett MA Whig, Constitutional Union

Attended local schools, and then a private school of Ezekiel Webster. During this time Ezekiel's brother Daniel sometimes taught classes; Everett and Daniel Webster would later form a close friendship.

Attended Boston Latin School in 1805, and then briefly Phillips Exeter Academy, where his older brother Alexander Hill Everett was teaching. At the age of 13, he was admitted to Harvard College. In 1811, at age 17, he graduated as the valedictorian of his class. Unlike some of the other students at the time, Everett was an earnest and diligent student who absorbed all of what was taught.

In late 1814 was offered a newly endowed position as professor of Greek literature at Harvard. The position came with authorization to travel for two years in Europe, and Everett readily accepted. He was formally invested as a professor in April 1815.

While traveling in Germany, granted a Ph. D in September 1817 from the University in Gottingen, Germany, which he believed to be the first such degree awarded to an American.

1819-1822 Teacher, writer, speaker

Mar 4 1825-Mar 3 1835 U.S. House of Representatives MA Whig

Jan 13 1836-Jan 18 1840 Governor MA Whig

Dec 16 1841-Aug 8 1845 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (Ambassador) to Great Britain

1846-1849 President Harvard University

1849-1852 Assisted U.S. Secretary of State Daniel Webster

Nov 6 1852-Mar 4 1853 U.S. Secretary of State under Millard Fillmore

Mar 4 1853-Jun 1 1854 U.S. Senate MA

1860 Constitutional Union candidate Vice President U.S. with John Bell, lost

1864 Campaigned extensively for Presidential campaign of Abraham Lincoln

Stephen A Douglas IL Democratic, National (Northern) Democratic

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Interestingly, Douglas briefly courted Mary Todd, who married Abraham Lincoln instead

Father of Robert M Douglas,  After Civil War turned from the Democratic Party. Became a leading Republican and active in Reconstruction era governments. 1868 served as private secretary to Governor of North Carolina. 1869-1873, private secretary to President Ulysses S. Grant. For the next decade, United States Marshal for North Carolina. 1888-1896 Master in Chancery to the United States Circuit Court. 1896-1904 North Carolina Supreme Court.

Douglas's second wife, Adele Cutts, was the daughter of James Madison Cutts of Washington, D.C., nephew of President James Madison, and Ellen O'Neal, sister of Rose O'Neal Greenhow, a renowned Confederate spy during the Civil War. Her great-aunt was the former U.S. First Lady Dolley Madison.
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Migrated to Winchester, Illinois in 1833, where he served as an itinerant teacher and opened a school for three months

Also studied law, and settled in Jacksonville, Illinois

1834-1836 State's Attorney Morgan County IL

1836-1838 IL State House of Representatives

1838-1840 Registrar Springfield IL Land Office

1840-1841 IL Secretary of State

1841-1842 Associate Justice IL Supreme Court

Mar 4 1843-Mar 3 1847 U.S. House of Representatives IL

Mar 4 1847-Jun 3 1861 U.S. Senate IL

1852 Competed for Democratic Presidential nomination, lost to Franklin Pierce

1856 Competed for Democratic Presidential nomination, lost to James Buchanan

1858 U.S. Senate election IL, Douglas defeated Abraham Lincoln

1860 National (Northern) Democratic candidate for President U.S., lost to Abraham Lincoln, John C Breckenridge, John Bell

1861 At request of President Abraham Lincoln Douglas undertook a mission to the border states and the midwest to rouse the spirit of unionism

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Historians have traditionally regarded the series of seven debates between Stephen A. Douglas and Abraham Lincoln during the 1858 Illinois state election campaign as among the most significant statements in American political history. The issues they discussed were not only of critical importance to the sectional conflict over slavery and states’ rights but also touched deeper questions that would continue to influence political discourse.

Herschel Johnson GA Democratic, National (Northern) Democratic

1834 Graduated from the University of Georgia and passed bar examination. Moved to Jefferson County in 1839 and began to practice law in Louisville, GA. 1844 moved to the state capitol, Milledgville, and continued to practice law.

1843 Candidate for U.S. House of Representatives GA, lost

1847 Candidate for Governor GA, lost

Feb 4 1848-Mar 3 1849 U.S. Senate GA

1849-1853 GA Circuit Court Judge

Nov 9 1853-Nov 6 1857 Governor GA

1860 National (Northern) Democratic candidate for Vice President U.S. with Stephen A Douglas, lost

1861 Delegate to GA State Secession Convention

Jan 19 1863-May 10 1865 Confederate States of America Senate GA

1865-1866 A leader in reconstruction and named head of GA Constitutional Convention

1866 After GA's readmission to Union chosen as a U.S. Senator from GA but was disallowed from serving due to his involvement with the rebellion

1873-1880 GA Circuit Court Judge

Gerrit Smith NY Liberty (Union) Party candidate for President U.S. See 1848

Samuel McFarland IA Liberty (Union) Party

1856-1857 Speaker IA State House of Representatives

1860 Liberty (Union) Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Gerrit Smith, lost

[Lincoln Republican]

1860 Continued

Sam Houston TX Democratic-Republican before 1829, Democratic 1848-1854, Unionist 1854-1860, People's Party 1860, Constitutional Union Party 1860-1861

1813-1818 United states Army First Lieutenant

1835-1836 Texan Army Major General

Creek War, War of 1812, Texas Revolutionary War

Mar 4 1823-Mar 4 1827 U.S. House of Representatives TN

Oct 21 1827-Apr 16 1829 Governor TN

Oct 22 1836-Dec 18 1838 President of Republic of TX

1839-1841 Representative in Republic of TX House of Representatives

Dec 21 1841-Dec 9 1844 President of Republic of TX

Dec 18 1847-Mar 4 1859 U.S. Senate TX

Dec 21 1859-Mar 16 1861 Governor TX

Was the only individual to have served as Governor of two different states

Apr 20 1860 Nominated as People's Party candidate for President U.S. No Vice Presidential candidate was nominated by People's Party.

 Aug 16 1860 Withdrew candidacy as People's Party candidate for President U.S.

 Confederate States of America

Jefferson Davis MS Democratic

Attended United States Military Academy, West Point, starting in late 1824. In June 1828, he graduated 23rd in a class of 33.

Following graduation, Second Lieutenant Davis was assigned to the 1st Infantry Regiment and was stationed at Fort Crawford, Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin Territory. Zachary Taylor, a future President of the United States, had recently assumed command before Davis arrived in early 1829.

1846-1847 Colonel in Mexican-American War.  Clashed with commanding General Winfield Scott.

May 17 1847 President James K Polk offered Davis a federal commission as a Brigadier General
and command of a brigade of militia, declined by Davis

1840 Attended Democratic meeting in Vicksburg, MS, chosen as a delegate to Democratic State Convention Jackson, MS

1842 Attended Democratic convention

1843 Candidate MS State House of Representatives, lost

1844 Delegate to Democratic State Convention.  Chosen as one of 6 Presidential Electors for 1844 Presidential election.

Campaigned for Democratic Presidential candidate James K Polk

Dec 8 1845-Jun 1 1846 U.S. House of Representatives MS

Aug 10 1847-Sep 23 1851 U.S. Senate MS

Mar 7 1853-Mar 4 1857 U.S. Secretary of War under Franklin Pierce

Mar 4 1857-Jan 21 1861 U.S. Senate MS

Jan 23 1861 Appointed Major General of the Army of MS

Feb 9 1861 Constitutional Convention Montgomery, AL, named President of provisional government Confederate States of America

Feb 18 1861-Feb 22 1862 Provisional President Confederate States of America

Nov 6 1861 Elected President Confederate States of America

Feb 22 1862 Inaugurated President Confederate States of America

Feb 22 1862-May 10 1865 President Confederate States of America

May 19 1865-May 13 1867 Davis was imprisoned. After two years of imprisonment, was released on bail of $100,000, which was posted by prominent citizens including Horace Greeley, Cornelius Vanderbilt and Gerrit Smith. Davis remained under indictment until he was released from all liability by the Presidential amnesty issued by President Andrew Johnson on December 25, 1868.

1869 Became president of the Carolina Life Insurance Company in Memphis, TN

1870 Upon General Robert E Lee's death Davis presided over the memorial meeting in Richmond, VA

Elected to the United States Senate for MS again, he was refused the office in 1875, having been barred from Federal office by Section Three of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Turned down the opportunity to become the first president of the Agriculture and Mechanical College of Texas (now Texas A&M University)

During Reconstruction, publicly remained silent on his opinions, but privately expressed opinions that federal military rule and Republican authority over former Confederate states was unjustified

1876 Promoted a society for the stimulation of US trade with South America

1877 Visited England
 
1881 Completed his book The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government

Davis' reputation among ex-Confederates was restored by the book and by his warm reception on his tour of the region in 1886 and 1887

1889 Completed A Short History of the Confederate States of America

First Lady of the Confederate States Varina Davis 1862-1865

Her grandfather, Richard Howell, served several terms as Governor of New Jersey.

Her grandfather died when her father, William Howell, was a boy. William inherited little money and used family connections to become a clerk in the Bank of the United States.

Was sent to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for her education, where she studied at Madame Deborah Grelaud's French School, a prestigious academy for young ladies.

Alexander Stephens GA Whig before 1851, Constitutional Union 1851-1853, Whig 1853-1855, Democratic 1855-1883

Attended Franklin College, later University of Georgia, in Athens, from where he graduated at the top of his class in 1832

After several years teaching school, he took up legal studies, passed the bar in 1834, and began a successful 32 year career as a lawyer in Crawfordville

1837-1841 GA State House of Representatives

1843 GA State Senate

Oct 2 1843-Mar 4 1859 U.S. House of Representatives GA

1858 Did not seek reelection to U.S. House of Representatives GA

1860 Presidential Elector for Northern Democratic Presidential candidate Stephen Douglas

1861 Elected as a delegate to GA  Secession Convention to decide on secession from U.S. to decide Georgia's response to the election of Abraham Lincoln. During the convention, as well as during the 1860 Presidential campaign, Stephens, who came to be known as the sage of Liberty Hall, called for the South to remain loyal to the Union, likening it to a leaking but fixable boat.

1861 Elected to Confederate Congress

Feb 11 1861 Chosen by Confederate Congress as Vice President of provisional government Confederate States of America and took provisional oath of office

Feb 11 1861-Feb 22 1862 Provisional Vice President Confederate States of America

Nov 6 1861 Elected Vice President Confederate States of America

Feb 22 1862 Inaugurated Vice President Confederate States of America

Feb 22 1862-May 11 1865 Vice President Confederate States of America

Feb 3 1865 One of three Confederate commissioners to meet with President Abraham Lincoln at Hampton Road Conference to discuss terms for ending the Civil War

1866 Elected U.S. Senate GA but was not allowed to take his seat because of restrictions on former Confederates

Dec 1 1873-Nov 4 1882 U.S. House of Representatives GA

Nov 4 1882-Mar 4 1883 Governor GA, died in office

Second Lady of the Confederate States 1862-1865

Vacant, Stephens was unmarried.  
 

[Lincoln Republican]

1864

Abraham Lincoln IL National Union Party candidate for President U.S.  See 1860

Andrew Johnson TN Democratic 1839-1864, National Union Party 1864-1868, Democratic 1868-1875

1824 Settled in Greenville TN

1827 at age 18, Johnson married 16-year-old Eliza McCardle, the daughter of a local shoemaker. The pair were married by Justice of the Peace Mordecai Lincoln, first cousin of Thomas Lincoln, whose son would become President Abraham Lincoln

Johnson's wife taught him mathematics skills and tutored him to improve his writing

Johnson's tailoring business prospered during the early years of the marriage, enabling him to hire help and giving him the funds to invest profitably in real estate

He was a voracious reader. Books about famous orators aroused his interest in political dialogue, and he had private debates with customers with opposing views on issues of the day. He also took part in debates at Greeneville College.

During his Greeneville days, Johnson joined the Tennessee Militia as a member of the 90th Regiment. He attained the rank of Colonel, though while an enrolled member, Johnson was fined for an unknown offense. Afterwards, he was often addressed or referred to by his rank.

1828 Helped organize Mechanic's (Working Men's) ticket Greenville TN municipal election

1828-1830 Town Alderman Greenville, TN

Elected along with his friend Mordecai Lincoln, first cousin of Thomas Lincoln, father of Abraham Lincoln

1830-1833 Mayor Greenville, TN (elected by fellow Aldermen)

1831 Campaigned for successful adoption of new TN state constitution

1835-1837 TN State House of Representatives

This was the election to the "floater" seat which Greene County shared with neighboring Washington County in the TN House of Representatives

1837 Defeated in bid for re-election to TN State House of Representatives

1839-1841 TN State House of Representatives.  

In this election, he sought to regain his seat, initially as a Whig, but when another candidate sought the Whig nomination, he ran as a Democrat and was elected. From that time he supported the Democratic party and built a powerful political machine in Greene County.  

1840 Selected as a Democratic Presidential Elector TN

1841-1842 TN State Senate

Mar 4 1843-Mar 3 1853 U.S. House of Representatives TN

Oct 17 1853-Nov 3 1857-Governor TN

Oct 8 1857-Mar 4 1862 U.S. Senate TN

1860 TN delegation Democratic National Convention nominated Johnson for President. Johnson tentatively offered himself as Vice Presidential U.S. candidate on Stephen A Douglas ticket but withdrew from the race entirely.

Mar 12 1862-Mar 4 1865 Military Governor TN during Civil War, and given rank of Brigadier General in Union Army

1860, Lincoln's running mate had been Maine Senator Hannibal Hamlin. Vice President Hamlin had served competently, was in good health, and was willing to run. Nevertheless, Johnson emerged as running mate for Lincoln's re-election bid in 1864.

Lincoln considered several War Democrats for the ticket in 1864, and sent an agent to sound out General Benjamin Butler as a possible running mate. In May 1864, the President dispatched General Daniel Sickles to Nashville on a fact-finding mission. Although Sickles denied he was there either to investigate or interview the Military Governor, Johnson biographer Hans L. Trefousse believes Sickles's trip was connected to Johnson's subsequent nomination for Vice President. According to historian Albert Castel in his account of Johnson's Presidency, Lincoln was impressed by Johnson's administration of Tennessee. Gordon-Reed points out that while the Lincoln-Hamlin ticket might have been considered geographically balanced in 1860, "having Johnson, the southern War Democrat, on the ticket sent the right message about the folly of secession and the continuing capacity for union within the country." Johnson, once he was told by reporters the likely purpose of Sickles' visit, was active on his own behalf, giving speeches and having his political friends work behind the scenes to boost his candidacy.

At the Republican convention in 1864, Johnson was nominated for Vice President U.S. on the second ballot. Lincoln expressed pleasure at the result.  When word reached Nashville, a crowd assembled and the Military Governor obliged with a speech contending his selection as a Southerner meant that the rebel states had not actually left the Union.

1864 National Union Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Abraham Lincoln, won

Mar 4 1865-Apr 15 1865 16th Vice President U.S. with Abraham Lincoln

Apr 15 1865-Mar 4 1869 17th President U.S.
 
Became President U.S. upon the assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Feb 24 1868 Impeached by U.S. House of Representatives, 128 in favor of impeachment, 47 opposing impeachment

May 26 1868 Aquitted by U.S. Senate, 35 voting guilty, 19 voting not guilty, falling short by a single vote of the two-thirds majority required for conviction under the Constitution  

Johnson favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union. His plans did not give protection to the former slaves, and he came into conflict with the Republican dominated Congress, culminating in his impeachment by the House of Representatives. The first American President to be impeached, he was acquitted in the Senate by one vote.

1869 Defeated in election for U.S. Senate TN

1872 Defeated in election for U.S. House of Representatives TN

Mar 4 1875-Jul 31 1875 U.S. Senate TN, died in office

Second Lady of the United States Eliza Johnson 1865

First Lady of the United States Eliza Johnson 1865-1869

At age 16, Eliza Johnson married at a younger age than any other First Lady.

Mordecai Lincoln, a distant relative of Abraham Lincoln, performed the marriage ceremony.

She was better educated than Johnson, who by this time had barely taught himself to read and spell a little. Johnson credited his wife for teaching him to do arithmetic and to write, as he had never attended school. She tutored him patiently, and often read aloud to him.

She supported her husband in his political career but had tried to avoid public appearances. During the American Civil War, Confederate authorities ordered her to evacuate her home in Greeneville, she took refuge in Nashville, Tennessee.

A few months later after her husband became President, she joined him in the White House, but she was not able to serve as First Lady due to her poor health from tuberculosis. She remained confined to her bedroom there, leaving the social chores to her daughter Martha Johnson Patterson. Mrs. Johnson appeared publicly as First Lady on only two occasions—at a reception for Queen Emma of the Kingdom of Hawaii on January 2, 1866, and at the President's 59th birthday party on December 29, 1867.

George B McClellan NJ Bourbon Democrat, Democratic

First attended the University of Pennsylvania in 1840 at age 13, resigning himself to the study of law. After two years, he changed his goal to military service. With the assistance of his father's letter to President John Tyler, young George was accepted at the United States Military Academy in 1842, the academy having waived its normal minimum age of 16.

Graduated in 1846, second in his class of 59 cadets, losing the top position to Charles Seaforth Stewart, only because of poor drawing skills. He was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

1846-1857 United States Army

Became Major General in United States Army

1846-1847 Served during Mexican-American War

1854 Secret reconnaissance mission to Santo Domingo

1855 Official observer of European armies in Crimean War

1857 Chief Engineer and Vice President Illinois Central Railroad

1850 President Ohio and Mississippi Railroad

1860 Actively supported Democratic Presidential candidate Stephen Douglas in Presidential election

Nov 1 1861-Mar 11 1862 General-In-Chief of all Union armies, removed from command by President Abraham Lincoln

1861-1864 Served in Union Army during  American Civil War

Performed reconnaissance for Lieutenant General Winfield Scott

1864 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Abraham Lincoln

1870 Chief Engineer New York City, NY Department of Docks

1872 President Atlantic and Great Western Railroad

1877 Nominated for First Superintendent of Public Works for New York, rejected by New York State Senate

Jan 15 1878-Jan 18 1881 Governor NJ

1884 Strongly supported Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland for President

Sought position of Secretary of War in cabinet of President Grover Cleveland, nomination blocked

George H Pendelton OH Democratic

=====
Married to Alice Key, who was the daughter of Francis Scott Key, American lawyer, author, and amateur poet, who wrote the lyrics to the United States' national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner"
=====

Attended Cincinnati College and the University of Heidelberg in Germany

Studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1847 and commenced practice in Cincinnati

1854-1856 OH State Senate

1854 Defeated for election to U.S. House of Representatives OH

Mar 4 1857-Mar 4 1865 U.S. House of Representatives OH

1864 Defeated for re-election to U.S. House of Representatives OH

1864 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with George B McClellan, lost

1866 Defeated for election to U.S. House of Representatives OH

1869 Defeated for election for Governor OH by Rutherford B Hayes

1869-1879 President Kentucky Central Railroad

Mar 4 1879-Mar 4 1885 U.S. Senate OH

1884 Lost renomination for U.S. Senate OH

Mar 4 1881-Mar 4 1885 Chairman Senate Democratic Caucus

Jun 21 1885-Apr 25 1889 U.S. Ambassador to Germany

John C Fremont CA Radical Republican Party (Radical Democracy) candidate for President U.S. See 1856

John Cochrane NY Democratic, Republican, Radical Republican (Radical Democracy)  Liberal Republican, Democratic

Studied first at Union College, but then graduated from Hamilton College in 1831. While attending Union College, he became a member of the Sigma Phi Society.

Studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1834, and practiced in Oswego and Schenectady, and then moved to New York City

1852 campaigned for Democratic Presidential candidate Franklin Pierce. Pierce elected.

1853 Appointed Surveyor of Port of NY, appointed by President Franklin Pierce

Mar 4 1857-Mar 4 1861 U.S. House of Representatives NY

1861-1863, Union Army, reaching rank of Brigadier General, served in American Civil War

1864-1865 New York State Attorney General

1864 Radical Republican (Radical Democracy) candidate for Vice President U.S. with John C Fremont. Campaign abandoned by Fremont and Cochrane Sep 1864.

1868 Delegate to Republican National Convention

1872 Delegate to Liberal Republican Convention

As leader of the New York delegation to the Liberal Republican Convention at Cincinnati in 1872, he was instrumental in securing the nomination of Horace Greeley for the Presidency

Afterwards he became a Democrat again, and was elected a Sachem of Tammany Hall
  
1872-1873 President of Common Council of New York City.  As such he was Acting Mayor of New York City when Mayor A. Oakey Hall temporarily retired during the Tweed investigation.

[Lincoln Republican]

1868

Ulysses S Grant IL Republican

=====
Descendant of Mayflower passengers Richard and Elizabeth (Walker) Warren

Father of Frederick Grant, Republican Party candidate for Secretary of State of New York, defeated, 1887, U.S. Minister  to Austria-Hungary 1889-1893, a Commissioner of Police in New York City, serving along with future President Theodore Roosevelt, 1894-1895

Father of Ulysses S Grant Jr, Served as personal secretary to his father, President Ulysses S Grant while President, served as Assistant United States Attorney in New York, delegate from California at the Republican National Convention 1896, 1900, was an elector for California in the 1904 and 1908 Presidential elections

Father of Jesse Grant, joined the Democratic Party, was a candidate for Democratic nomination for President U.S., lost to William Jennings Bryan, 1908, wrote a biography of his father, President Ulysses S Grant, In The Days Of My Father General Grant, 1925
=====
  
When Grant was 17, Congressman Thomas L Hamer nominated him to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. Hamer mistakenly wrote down the name as "Ulysses S. Grant of Ohio", and this became his adopted name. His nickname became "Sam" among army colleagues at the academy since the initials "U.S." also stood for "Uncle Sam".

Graduated in 1843, ranking 21st in a class of 39. Was made regimental quartermaster, managing supplies and equipment, with the rank of Brevet Second Lieutenant.

1846-1848 Lieutenant Mexican-American War under Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott

1853 Promoted to rank of Captain

1856 Voted for Democratic Presidential candidate James Buchanan saying he was really voting against James C Fremont

1860 Favored Democrat Stephen A Douglas over Republican Abraham Lincoln and Lincoln over Alternate or Southern Democrat John C Breckenridge

During the Civil War, Grant's political sympathies coincided with the Republicans aggressive prosecution of the war

Grant's private letters were used as campaign literature for Lincoln's re-election as President

Mar 9 1864-Mar 4 1869 Commanding General U.S. Army

1866 Sent by President Andrew Johnson on fact finding tours of the south

1866 President Andrew Johnson asked Grant to replace Secretary of War Edwin M Stanton as Secretary of War.  Grant recommended against the move. Johnson made the interim appointment of Grant. Grant agreed to accept the post temporarily.  Senate reinstated Stanton. Johnson requested Grant to refuse to surrender the office to Stanton.  Grant stepped aside.

Aug 12 1867-Jan 14 1868 U.S. Secretary of War

Battles/Wars

Mexican-American War Battle of Resaca de la Palma
Battle of Palo Alto
Battle of Monterrey
Siege of Veracruz
Battle of Molino del Rey
Battle of Chapultepec

American Civil War
Battle of Fort Donelson
Battle of Shiloh
Siege of Vicksburg
Chattanooga Campaign
Overland Campaign
Siege of Petersburg
Appomattox Campaign

1868 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., elected

1872 Republican Party candidate for reelection President U.S., reelected

Mar 4 1869-Mar 4 1877 18th President U.S.

Ulysses Grant and Schuyler Colfax, age 46 and age 45 respectively at the time of their inauguration, were the youngest Presidential and Vice Presidential team until the inauguration of Bill Clinton and Al Gore in 1993

1879 "Stalwart" faction in Republican Party tried unsuccessfully to nominate Grant for a third term as President U.S.

Ulysses S Grant and William Henry Vanderbilt

In 1884, the firm Grant & Ward went bankrupt and ruined the investments of both Ulysses S Grant and William Henry Vanderbilt, businessman and philanthropist and a prominent member of the Vanderbilt family, whom Grant had convinced to invest $150,000. Ferdinand Ward, known as the Napoleon of Wall Street, had, unknowingly to both Grant and Vanderbilt, operated the company as a Ponzi scheme that resulted in financial ruin for many. The other associate, Buck Grant, apparently was unaware of Ward's Ponzi scheme swindle. Ward was later prosecuted. To pay Vanderbilt back, Grant mortgaged his Civil War memorabilia, including his sword. Although this did not fully cover the $150,000 debt, Vanderbilt accepted the memorabilia as payment and wiped out the $150,000 debt owed by Grant. Vanderbilt later recouped Grant's other mortgaged war memorabilia, including the memorabilia given by Grant, and returned them to Ulysses S Grant's wife, Julia Grant, after Grant's death in 1885.

First Lady of the United States Julia Grant 1869-1877

Attended the Misses Mauros' boarding school in St. Louis for seven years among the daughters of other affluent parents. She excelled in art and voice.

Sought to imbue the position of First Lady with the appropriate prestige. She believed that the position should command the same dignity and honors accorded wives of foreign leaders, and she was frustrated when the role was not publicly acknowledged. Not only did she seek added prestige for the first ladyship, but she also worked to improve the stature of the wives of the diplomatic corps, the cabinet, the Congress, and the Supreme Court.

She was a staunch defender of women's rights in general.

Julia seemed to believe that blacks were not fully equal to whites, but she refused to lend any support to white supremacists, including her brother Louis Dent. She strongly encouraged blacks on the White House domestic staff to buy land in the District while it was still cheap, in order to ensure their future financial security.

Schuyler Colfax IN Whig, Republican, Radical Republican

=====
Father of Schuyler Colfax III Mayor South Bend IN 1898-1901
=====

Attended New York City schools until he was 10 years old, when family financial difficulties led him to take a job in a store. This concluded his formal education. Colfax never attended high school or college.

1836 Colfax's family moved to New Carlisle, Indiana

1841 Colfax's step father, George Mathews, was elected St. Joseph County Auditor, and he appointed Colfax as his deputy, a post which Colfax held for all eight years Mathews served as County Auditor

As a young man, contributed articles on Indiana politics to the New York Tribune and formed a friendship with the editor, Horace Greeley. He established a reputation as a rising young Whig and at 19 became the editor of the pro-Whig South Bend Free Press. In 1845, Colfax purchased the newspaper and changed its name to the St. Joseph Valley Register. He remained in charge of the paper for nine years, and wrote editorials in support of first Whig and later Republican views.

1848 Delegate to Whig Party National Convention

1849-1850 Delegate to IN State Constitutional Convention

1852 Nominated for U.S. House of Representatives IN, lost

1854 Colfax was initiated into the Beta Theta Pi fraternity at DePauw University, an achievement remarkable for the fact that he had not attended college

1854 Colfax ran for Congress again, the Whig Party was on the verge of collapse, and Colfax won election as a candidate of the short-lived Indiana People's Party, an anti-slavery movement which formed to oppose the Kansas–Nebraska Act

Mar 4 1855-Mar 3 1869 U.S. House of Representatives IN

1861 Colfax was supported by the Chicago Tribune to become U.S. Postmaster General in President Lincoln's cabinet, but the Indiana seat in Cabinet went instead to Caleb Smith, souring Colfax on Lincoln and contributing to Colfax’s shift to Radical Republicanism

Dec 7 1863-Mar 3 1869 Speaker U.S. House of Representatives

1868 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Ulysses S Grant, won

Became the First Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives to be elected Vice President U.S.
 
Mar 4 1869-Mar 4 1873 17th Vice President U.S.

Ulysses Grant and Schuyler Colfax, age 46 and age 45 respectively at the time of their inauguration, were the youngest Presidential and Vice Presidential team until the inauguration of Bill Clinton and Al Gore in 1993

1872 Unsuccessful candidate for Republican re-nomination for Vice President U.S.  Lost nomination to U.S. Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts.

Post Vice Presidency, began embarking on a successful career as a traveling lecturer offering speeches on a variety of topics. His most requested presentation was one on the life of Abraham Lincoln, whom the nation had begun to turn into an icon. With an expanding population that desired to know more details and context about Lincoln's life and career, an oration from someone who had known him personally was an attraction audiences were willing to pay to hear, and Colfax delivered his Lincoln lecture hundreds of times to positive reviews.

1875 Became vice president of the Indiana Reaper and Iron Company

Apr 3 1882 Colfax announced in a letter to the South Bend Tribune that he declined to run for office again

Second Lady of the United States Ellen Colfax 1869-1873

On November 18, 1868, just two weeks after the election, Ellen Maria Wade married Schuyler Colfax, the man who had defeated her uncle, Senator Benjamin Franklin Wade of Ohio, in the race for the Republican Vice Presidential nomination.

[Lincoln Republican]

1868 Continued

Horatio Seymour NY Democratic

1824 Was sent to the American Literary, Scientific & Military Academy (Norwich University)

Upon his return to Utica in 1827, Seymour read for the law in the offices of Greene Bronson and Samuel Beardsley. Though admitted to the bar in 1832, he did not enjoy work as an attorney and was primarily preoccupied with politics and managing his family's business interests.

1833-1838 Military Secretary to Gov NY, William L Marcy, Democrat

1842-1843 Mayor Utica, NY

1842-1849 NY State Assembly

1845-1849 Speaker NY State Assembly

1850 Candidate for Governor NY, lost

Jan 1 1853-Dec 31 1854 Governor NY

1854 Lost bid for re-election Governor NY

1856 Considered as a possible compromise candidate for Democratic Presidential nomination, ruled himself out

1860 Considered as a possible compromise candidate for Democratic Presidential nomination, ruled himself out

1861 Democratic candidate for U.S. Senate NY, lost

Jan 1 1863-Dec 31 1864 Governor NY

1864 Permanent Chairman Democratic National Convention

1868 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Ulysses S Grant

1874 Turned down Democratic nomination for U.S. Senate NY

1876 Turned down offer to run as Democratic candidate for Governor NY

1879 Turned down offer to run as Democratic candidate for Governor NY

1880 Turned down requests to run for Democratic Presidential nomination

Francis Blair JR MO Free Soiler (1848-1854), Republican (1854-1866), Democratic (1866-1875), Unconditional Unionist

=====
Son of Francis Preston Blair, an American politician. As editor of the Washington Globe, was a keen supporter of the Democrats, and formed part of President Andrew Jackson’s ‘kitchen cabinet’. After briefly supporting the Free Soil party, helped to launch the new Republican party in 1854. At the outbreak of the Civil War, personally conveyed Lincoln’s offer to Robert E. Lee to command all the Union armies, which Lee rejected. After Lincoln’s re-election, organized the abortive Hampton Roads Conference, where peace terms were discussed with the Confederates.

Brother of Montgomery Blair, United States District Attorney 1839–1843, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas 1834–1849, United States Solicitor in the Court of Claims 1855–1858, United States Postmaster General 1861-1864 under Abraham Lincoln  

Cousin of Benjamin Gratz Brown, 1852-1858 MO State House of Representatives, a founding member of Republican Party in MO, 1863-1867 U.S. Senate MO, 1871-1873 Governor MO, 1872 chosen as Liberal Republican Party and Democratic Party candidate Vice President U.S. with Horace Greeley, lost, 1872 Democratic Party (unofficial) candidate Vice President U.S. with Thomas A Hendricks, lost, 1872 National Union Party candidate President U.S., lost, 1872 Democratic Party (unofficial) candidate Vice President U.S. with Charles J Jenkins, lost, 1872 Other Labor Reform candidate  Vice President U.S. with David Davis, lost
=====

Attended University of North Carolina, graduated from Princeton University in 1841, and studied law at Transylvania University

After his admission to the bar in Lexington, he went on to practice law in St. Louis, MO in 1842

Served in Mexican-American War

1846 Attorney General New Mexico Territory after it was secured by General Stephen W. Kearny

A personal and political friend of Thomas Hart Benton, he became known for his views opposing slavery and was an outspoken Free-Soiler

In the days following Lincoln's election, when it became evident that several southern states were advocating secession, Blair was among the leaders of a new political movement in Missouri, the Unconditional Union Party, which advocated the use of force, if necessary, to prevent Missouri from following suit

1852-1856 Missouri State House of Representatives

Synopsis of Francis Blair Jr's career as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives MO:

Elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives in 1856. He was defeated in 1858, but successfully contested the election and was finally seated on June 8, 1860, resigning on June 25, 1860. He was unsuccessful as a candidate in the special election to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation, but was elected in 1860 to the 37th Congress, serving until his resignation in July 1862 to become a Colonel in the Union Army. He was subsequently elected in 1862 to the 38th Congress, but had to relinquish his seat on June 10, 1864, after Samuel Knox successfully contested his election

Mar 4 1857-Mar 3 1859 U.S. House of Representatives MO

1858 Defeated for reelection to U.S. House of Representatives MO, but successfully contested the election

1860 Delegate to Republican National Convention from Missouri

Jun 8 1860-Jun 25 1860 U.S. House of Representatives MO after successfully contesting the election  

Jun 25 1860 Resigned from U.S. House of Representatives MO

1860 Was unsuccessful as a candidate in the special election to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation

1860 Reelected U.S. House of Representatives MO serving Mar 4 1861-Jul 1862 when he resigned to become a Colonel in the Union Army

1862 Subsequently reelected U.S. House of Representatives MO serving Mar 4 1863-Jun 10 1864 after Samuel Knox, the Unconditional Unionist candidate, successfully contested the election

1862-1865 Union Army, United States Army, reaching rank of Major General, serving in American Civil War

1866 Opposed the Congressional Reconstruction Policy and on that issue left the Republican Party and joined the Democratic Party

1868 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Horatio Seymour, lost

Jan 20 1871-Mar 4 1873 U.S. Senate MO, chosen by Missouri Legislature

Jan 1873 defeated for reelection U.S. Senate MO

Blair's consuming interest in politics kept him active and a candidate for office until  his death in 1875  

[Lincoln Republican]

1872

The 1872 Presidential election is complicated.  The major candidate along with President Ulysses S Grant, Republican, was Horace Greeley, the candidate of the Liberal Republican Party and was as well endorsed by the official Democratic Party.  

Greeley died Nov 29 1872, 24 days after the Presidential election, and before the Electoral College met to cast their electoral vote ballots

The tickets are as follows.  There are Presidential nominees and Vice Presidential nominees, however, some of the Vice Presidential candidates, though not on the ticket, simply received electoral votes.

Republican Party
Ulysses S Grant IL
Henry Wilson MA

Liberal Republican Party, endorsed as well by the official Democratic Party
Horace Greeley NY
Benjamin Gratz Brown MO

Liberal Republicans who were displeased with the nomination of Horace Greeley nominated
William S Groesbeck  OH for President  

Democratic Party (Unofficial)
Thomas A Hendricks IN

Vice Presidential candidates Democratic Party (Unofficial)
Benjamin Gratz Brown MO
William S Groesbeck OH
George Washington Julian IN
John M Palmer IL

National Union Party
Benjamin Gratz Brown MO

Vice Presidential candidates National Union Party
Alfred H Colquitt GA
George Washington Julian IN
Thomas E Bramlette KY

Democratic Party (Unofficial)
Charles J Jenkins GA
Benjamin Gratz Brown MO

Labor Reform Party
David Davis IL
Joel Parker NJ

Other Vice Presidential candidates Labor Reform Party
Benjamin Gratz Brown MO
William S Groesbeck OH
George Washington Julian IN
John M Palmer IL

Bourbon Democratic Party (Straight Out Democratic Party), Labor Reform Party
Charles O'Connor NY
John Quincy Adams II MA

Prohibition Party
James Black PA
John Russell MI

Equal Rights Party (People's Party)
Victoria Woodhull NY
Frederick Douglass NY

Notes on Labor Reform Party and their nominated candidates

The Labor Reform Party had only been organized in 1870, with the first, and only, National Convention meeting in St. Louis Missouri on February 22nd, 1872. Initially there was a fair amount of discussion as to whether the party should actually nominate anyone for the Presidency at that time, or if they should wait at least for the Liberal Republicans to nominate their own ticket first. Every motion to that effect lost, and a number of ballots were taken resulting in the nomination of David Davis for the Presidency, who was the frontrunner for the Liberal Republican nomination at that time. Joel Parker, the Governor of New Jersey, was nominated for the Vice Presidency.

While Davis did not decline the nomination of the Labor Reform party, he decided to hinge his campaign in large part on the success of attaining the Liberal Republican nomination so that he might at least have their resources behind them. After their convention, in which he failed to attain the nomination, Davis telegraphed the Labor Reform party and informed them of his intention to withdraw from the Presidential contest entirely. Joel Parker soon followed suit.

A second convention was called on August 22nd in Philadelphia, where it was decided, rather than making the same mistake again, the Party would cooperate with the now fledgling "Straight-Out Democrat" movement that had recently formed and nominate their candidate as soon as it was known whom. Unfortunately that movement's nominee, Charles O'Conor, declined to run as well. Figuring that it was now too late to nominate a ticket of their own, the Party leadership decided to continue the campaign under O'Conor's name, even if he were not actually running. The various state affiliates grew less and less active, and by the following year the party ceased to be.

[Lincoln Republican]

Note:  

See above entry to see where the following candidacies relate to the 1872 Presidential election

1872 Continued

Ulysses S Grant IL Republican Party candidate for President U.S. See 1868

Henry Wilson MA Republican

Attended several local academies, taught school in Natick

1843 Joined Massachusetts militia, becoming a Major in the 1st Artillery Regiment, which he later commanded with the rank of Colonel

1846 promoted to Brigadier General as commander of the Massachusetts Militia's 3rd Brigade, a position he held until he became a candidate for Congress in 1852

1848-1851 Owner and editor of Boston Republican newspaper

1841-1852 MA State Legislature

1852 Unsuccessful candidate U.S. House of Representatives MA

1853 Delegate MA State Constitutional Convention

1853 Unsuccessful candidate Governor MA

Jan 31 1855-Mar 3 1873 U.S. Senate MA

1861 Union Army, rank of Colonel, American Civil War

Was considered a "Radical Republican".  After Civil War, supported  Radical program for Reconstruction.

1872 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Ulysses S Grant, won

Mar 4 1873-Nov 22 1875 18th Vice President U.S.  Died in office.

Second Lady of the United States 1873-1875

Vacant, Henry Wilson was a widower.  His wife, Harriet Malvina Howe Wilson, died before Henry Wilson became Vice President.  

Horace Greeley NY Whig 1847–1854, Republican 1854–1872, Liberal Republican 1872

Seeing his intelligence, some neighbors offered to pay Greeley's way at Phillips Exeter Academy, but the Greeleys were too proud to accept charity

1838 Greeley met Albany editor Thurlow Weed. Weed spoke for a liberal faction of the Whigs in his newspaper, the Albany Evening Journal. He hired Greeley as editor of the state Whig newspaper for the upcoming campaign. The newspaper, the Jeffersonian, premiered in February 1838 and helped elect the Whig candidate for Governor, William H. Seward.

1840 Was deeply involved in the campaign of the Whig candidate for President William Henry Harrison, who was elected

Founder and Editor of New York Tribune, America's most influential newspaper from 1840s to 1870s

1840s Became an increasingly vocal opponent of the expansion of slavery

1844 Supported Whig candidate Henry Clay for President.  Clay defeated by Democratic candidate Jakes K Polk.

Dec 4 1848-Mar 3 1849 U.S. House of Representatives NY Whig, elected to fill a vacancy

1848 Was not a candidate for reelection U.S. House of Representatives NY
 
1851 Visited Europe and was chairman of one of the juries at the World’s Fair in London  

1855 Commissioner to the Paris Exposition

1856 One of the founders of the Republican Party.  Present as a delegate at its' organizing convention.

1860 Attended Republican Party National Convention.  Denied a seat in NY delegation.  Managed to be seated as a delegate from Oregon.

1861 Republican Party candidate for U.S. Senate NY, lost

1864 Appointed by President Lincoln to a peace commission which he knew the Confederates would repudiate

1865 At the close of the Civil War advocated universal amnesty
 
1866 Republican Party candidate for U.S. House of Representatives, NY, lost

1867 Offered bail for former Confederate States of America President Jefferson Davis

1867 Delegate to the NY State constitutional convention
 
1867 Republican Party candidate for U.S. Senate NY in the legislative election, defeated by Roscoe Conkling

1868 As President and Congress battled, Greeley remained firmly opposed to President Andrew Johnson, and when the President was impeached, Greeley and the Tribune strongly supported his removal from office, strongly attacking Johnson. Nevertheless, the President was acquitted by the Senate, much to Greeley's disappointment.

1868 Sought the Republican Party nomination for Governor NY, but was frustrated by the Conkling forces

1868 Supported the successful Republican Presidential nominee, General Ulysses S. Grant, in the election

1869 Republican Party candidate NY State Comptroller, lost

1870 President Grant offered Greeley the post of Minister to Santo Domingo (today, the Dominican Republic), which he declined

1870 Republican Party candidate for U.S. House of Representatives NY, lost

Was an unsuccessful candidate for several public offices

1872 Liberal Republican Party and official Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Ulysses S Grant

Nov 29 1872 died 24 days after the Presidential election, the only Presidential candidate to have died prior to the counting of the electoral votes

Benjamin Gratz Brown MO Republican, Democratic, Liberal Republican

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Grandson of U.S. Senators John Brown and Jesse Bledsoe of Kentucky
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1845 Graduated Transylvania University    

1847 Graduated Yale College  

Studied law and later settled in St. Louis, MO, joined his cousin, Francis P. Blair, Jr., and Senator Thomas Hart Benton in a struggle against pro-slavery faction for control of Missouri's Democratic Party

1851 Correspondent for Missouri Republican at Treaty of Fort Laramie and served as the secretary at treaty negotiations

1852-1858 MO State House of Representatives

1857 Candidate Governor MO, lost

A founding member of Republican Party in MO

1861 Worked to keep MO from seceding from the Union

1861-1863 Colonel, Union Army, American Civil War

Nov 13 1863-Mar 4 1867 U.S. Senate MO, Unconditional Unionist

1864 Supported John C Fremont in Presidential election

1870 Joined Liberal Republican Party

Jan 4 1871-Jan 3 1873 Governor MO

1872 Sought Liberal Republican nomination for President U.S., lost to Horace Greeley

1872 Chosen as Liberal Republican Party and Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Horace Greeley, lost

1872 Democratic Party (unofficial) candidate for Vice President U.S. with Thomas A Hendricks, lost

1872 National Union Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Ulysses S Grant

1872 Democratic Party (unofficial) candidate for Vice President U.S. with Charles J Jenkins, lost

1872 Other Labor Reform candidate  for Vice President U.S. with David Davis, lost

After 1872 election returned to his law practice, quit the Republican Party, resumed his ties to the Democratic Party

William S Groesbeck OH Democratic, Union National

1835 Graduated Miami University, Oxford, OH  

Studied law, was a law clerk in office of Salmon P. Chase, admitted to bar 1836, commenced practice in Cincinnati

1851 Delegate OH State Constitutional Convention

1852 Commissioner to codify the laws in OH

Mar 4 1857-Mar 3 1859 U.S. House of Representatives OH

1858 Defeated in bid for reelection U.S. House of Representatives OH

1861 Member Peace Convention Washington DC

1862-1864 OH State Senate

1866 Delegate Union National Convention

1868 One of the consuls of President Andrew Johnson during his impeachment trial

1872 Nominated for President U.S. by Liberal Republicans who were displeased with Horace Greeley, lost to Ulysses S Grant

1878 Delegate to International Monetary Conference Paris, France

George Washington Julian IN a National Union Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1852

John M Palmer IL Democratic, Free Soil, Republican, Liberal Republican, Bourbon Democrat, Democratic

From a very poor family but later worked his way through college

1839 Admitted to bar in IL

1848 Member IN State Constitutional Convention

1852-1855 IL State Senate Democratic

1856 Helped organize Republican Party in IL

1856 Presided over IL Republican convention

1859 Republican candidate special election U.S. House of Representatives IL, lost

1860 Republican Presidential Elector IL

1860 One of leading people to get Abraham Lincoln nominated for President U.S.

1861 Appointed by President Lincoln to be a delegate to Peace Convention in Washington DC

1861-1865 Commissioned as Colonel then promoted to rank of Brigadier General in Civil War

1861-1866 United States Army, Union Army, rank of Major General, American Civil War

1863-1868 Military Governor KY

Jan 11 1869-Jan 13 1873 Governor IL Republican

1872 Received electoral votes in Presidential election for Vice President U.S. by Electors who had voted for Liberal Republican Vice Presidential candidate Benjamin Gratz Brown for President after death of Horace Greeley

Mar 4 1891-Mar 3 1897 U.S. Senate IL

1892 Seriously considered as a Democratic Presidential candidate

1896 National Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to William McKinley

By waging this campaign for President, Palmer was a key figure in the "last stand" of classical liberalism as a political movement in the 19th century

Alfred H Colquitt GA Democratic

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Son of Walter T. Colquitt, U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate Georgia
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1844 Graduated Princeton College

Studied law, passed bar exams 1846, began practicing law in Monroe

Major U.S. Army Mexican-American War

Mar 4 1853-Mar 3 1855 U.S. House of Representatives GA

Georgia State Legislature

1861 Delegate to The Georgia Secession Convention
 
Jan 19 1861 Signed Georgia's Ordinance of Secession

1861-1865, Major General, Confederate States Army, American Civil War

1872 A National Union Party candidate for Vice President U.S., lost

Jan 12 1877-Nov 4 1882 Governor GA

Mar 4 1883-Mar 26 1894 U.S. Senate GA

Thomas E Bramlette KY Whig, Union Democratic

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Son of Ambrose Bramlette, who served two terms in Kentucky Senate, several terms in Kentucky House of Representatives
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Studied law, admitted to bar in 1837 at age of 20, began practicing in Louisville

1841 Elected KY General Assembly

1848-1850 Appointed Commonwealth's Attorney

1853 Whig candidate U.S. House of Representatives KY, lost

1857-1862 Judge KY's 6th Judicial District

1861-1862 Colonel Union Army Civil War

1862 Appointed U.S. District Attorney for KY by President Lincoln

Sep 1 1863-Sep 3 1867 Governor KY Union Democratic

1872 A National Union Party candidate for Vice President U.S., lost

Charles J Jenkins GA a Democratic Party candidate for President U.S. See 1852

[Lincoln Republican]

1872 Continued

David Davis IL Republican, Liberal Republican, Labor Reform, Independent

After graduating from Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, in 1832, he went on to study law in Massachusetts and at Yale University. Upon his graduation from Yale in 1835, Davis moved to Bloomington, Illinois, to practice law.

1845 IL State House of Representatives

1847 Delegate to IL Constitutional Convention

1848-1862 Presided over the Court of IL eighth circuit, the same circuit where attorney Abraham Lincoln was practicing

1860 Delegate to Republican National Convention in Chicago

1860 Abraham Lincoln's campaign manager during Presidential election

Oct 17 1862 Received recess appointment from President Lincoln as Associate Justice on U.S. Supreme Court

Dec 1 1862 Formally nominated for U.S. Supreme Court by President Lincoln

Oct 17 1862-Mar 4 1877 Associate Justice U.S. Supreme Court

1872 Refused to become Chief Justice U.S.

Feb 1872 Nominated for President U.S. by Labor Reform Commission

1872 Failed to win Liberal Republican nomination for President U.S. Withdrew from Presidential election.

In 1877, Davis narrowly avoided the opportunity to be the only person to ever single-handedly select the President of the United States. In the disputed Presidential election of 1876 between the Republican Rutherford Hayes and the Democrat Samuel Tilden, Congress created a special Electoral Commission to decide to whom to award a total of 20 electoral votes which were disputed from the states of Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina and Oregon. The Commission was to be composed of 15 members: five drawn from the U.S. House of Representatives, five from the U.S. Senate, and five from the U.S. Supreme Court. The majority party in each legislative chamber would get three seats on the Commission, and the minority party would get two. Both parties agreed to this arrangement because it was understood that the Commission would have seven Republicans, seven Democrats, and Davis, who was arguably the most trusted independent in the nation.

According to one historian, "No one, perhaps not even Davis himself, knew which Presidential candidate he preferred." Just as the Electoral Commission Bill was passing Congress, the legislature of Illinois elected Davis to the Senate. Democrats in the Illinois Legislature believed that they had purchased Davis's support by voting for him. However, they had made a miscalculation; instead of staying on the Supreme Court so that he could serve on the Commission, he promptly resigned as a Justice on March 4, 1877, in order to take his Senate seat. Because of this, Davis was unable to assume the spot, always intended for him, as one of the Supreme Court's members of the Commission. His replacement on the Commission was Joseph Philo Bradley, a Republican, thus the Commission ended up with an 8–7 Republican majority. Each of the 20 disputed electoral votes was eventually awarded to Hayes, the Republican, by that same 8-7 majority; Hayes won the election, 185 electoral votes to 184. Had Davis been on the Commission, his would have been the deciding vote, and Tilden would have been elected President if Davis and the commission had awarded him even one electoral vote.

Mar 4 1877 Resigned from U.S. Supreme Court to become member U.S. Senate IL

Mar 4 1877-Mar 4 1883 U.S. Senate IL

May 12 1881-Mar 22 1883 President Pro Tempore U.S. Senate

Upon death of President James A Garfield on Sep 19 1881, Vice President Chester Arthur assumed the Presidency

As President Pro Tempore of U.S. Senate, David Davis became next in line of succession to U.S. Presidency

Joel Parker NJ Democratic

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Son of Charles Parker, a member of the New Jersey Legislature for several years, and served one term as State Treasurer
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Attended the College of New Jersey, later known as Princeton University, graduating in the class of 1839.

Worked in the law office of Henry W. Green and was admitted to the bar in 1842

1848-1851 NJ State Assembly

1851 Appointed Prosecutor of Pleas of Monmouth County NJ

1860 Elector in Electoral College for NJ, cast electoral vote for Democratic candidae Stephen A Douglas

1860 Appointed Major General NJ Militia

Jan 20 1863-Jan 16 1866 Governor NJ, ran as a War Democrat

1868, 1876, 1884 "Favorite Son" candidate supported by NJ delegation at Democratic National Conventions

1872 Nominated for Vice President U.S. by Labor Reform Commission to run on ticket with David Davis.  Davis and Parker withdrew from election.

Jan 16 1872-Jan 19 1875 Governor NJ

1875 Attorney General NJ

1880-1888 Associate Justice NJ Supreme Court

Charles O'Connor NY Bourbon Democrat, Democratic

At the age of 16, began to study law, and in 1824, before he had attained the statutory age of 21, he was admitted to the bar, and soon won high reputation in his profession

1852 Presidential Elector on Democratic ticket

1853-1854 U.S. Attorney for Southern District NY

After Civil War, Senior Counsel for former Confederate States of America President Jefferson Davis on his indictment for treason

1872 The faction of Democrats that refused to support Horace Greeley nominated Charles O'Connor for President U.S. and John Quincy Adams II for Vice President U.S. on the "Bourbon Democratic" or "Straight Out Democratic" ticket, and the "Labor Reformers". They declined the nominations, but their names remained on the ballot in some states.

Took a prominent part in the prosecution of Boss Tweed and members of the "Tweed Ring"

John Quincy Adams II MA Republican, Democratic

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Son of Charles Francis Adams Sr, grandson and namesake of President John Quincy Adams, great-grandson of President John Adams

See articles on John Adams and John Quincy Adams for career details
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1853 Graduated from Harvard University

Studied law, attained admission to the bar, practiced law in Boston

Married Frances Cadwalader Crowninshield , daughter of George and Harriet Sears Crowninshield of the politically powerful Crowninshield family

Civil War served on the staff of Massachusetts Governor John Andrew with the rank of Colonel

Adams served in several local offices in Quincy, including town meeting moderator, school board chairman and judge of the local court

Elected to the Massachusetts state legislature as a Republican, but soon switched to the Democratic Party because of his disaffection with Republican Reconstruction policies

1865, 1867, 1870, 1873 Massachusetts House of Representatives

1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871  Was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for Governor Massachusetts

1868 Received one vote for the Democratic nomination for President U.S. at the Democratic National Convention

1872 The faction of Democrats that refused to support Horace Greeley nominated Charles O'Connor for President U.S. and John Quincy Adams II for Vice President U.S. on the "Bourbon Democratic" or "Straight Out Democratic" ticket, and the "Labor Reformers". They declined the nominations, but their names remained on the ballot in some states.

1873 Was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for Lieutenant Governor Massachusetts

1876 After losing election for Lieutenant Governor Massachusetts, Adams refused most further involvement in politics, though he was considered by President Grover Cleveland for a cabinet position in 1893

1877 Was made a member of the Harvard Corporation

James Black PA Prohibition Party

1844 Black began the study of law, passing into the Pennsylvania state bar in 1846 and setting up a legal practice in Lancaster

Actively involved in establishing The Good Templars, a temperance organization

Co-founded the National Temperance Society and Publishing House

1869 Helped found Prohibition Party

1872 Prohibition Party candidate President U.S., lost to Ulysses S Grant

John Russell MI Prohibition Party

A Methodist preacher who became a leading advocate for prohibition during the 1870's

Helped organize Prohibition Party

As a journalist, published the Detroit Peninsular Herald as the first prohibition newspaper

1872 Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with James Black, lost

Victoria Woodhull NY National Equal Rights Party (People's Party)

1870 With her sister, Tennessee Claflin, became first women stock brokers, Woodhull, Claflin and Company, opening a brokerage firm on Wall Street

1870 With her sister founded a newspaper, Woodhull and Claflin's Weekly

Women's rights advocate, suffragette, labor reform advocate

Member of International Workingmen's Association, also known as The First International

1872 National Equal Rights Party (People's Party) candidate for President U.S., becoming first female candidate for President U.S., lost to Ulysses S Grant

While many historians and authors agree that Woodhull was the first woman to run for President of the United States, some have questioned that priority given issues with the legality of her run. They disagree with classifying it as a true candidacy because she was younger than the constitutionally mandated age of 35. However, election coverage by contemporary newspapers does not suggest age was a significant issue. The Presidential inauguration was in March 1873. Woodhull's 35th birthday was in September 1873.

1892 National Women's Suffragists candidate for President U.S., lost to Grover Cleveland

Frederick Douglass NY Republican, National Equal Right's Party (People's Party)

Former slave

1838 Escaped from slavery, making his way to the safe house of noted abolitionist David Ruggles in New York City

Became a prominent abolitionist and noted orator

Joined the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, an independent black denomination established in New York City, which counted among its members Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman

Became a licensed preacher in 1839, and this helped him hone his oratorical skills. He held various positions, including steward, Sunday School superintendent, and sexton.  

1843 Participated in the American Anti-Slavery Society's Hundred Conventions project, a six-month tour of meeting halls throughout the Eastern and Midwestern United States

1848 Only African-American to attend the first Women's Rights Convention

Mar 12 1859 Douglass met with radical abolitionists John Brown, George DeBaptiste, and others at William Webb's house in Detroit to discuss emancipation

1864 Supported John C Fremont for President

Post Civil War, President Reconstruction-Era Freedman's Savings Bank

Charge' d' Affairs for Dominican Republic

1868 Supported Ulysses S Grant for President

[Lincoln Republican]

1872 Continued

Frederick Douglass Continued

1872 Became the first African American nominated for Vice President of the United States, as Victoria Woodhull's running mate on the National Equal Rights Party (People's Party) ticket, lost

He was nominated without his knowledge. During the campaign, he neither campaigned for the ticket nor acknowledged that he had been nominated.

1872 Served as a Presidential elector in the United States Electoral College for the State of New York

1877 Appointed a U.S. Marshall  
      
1881 Appointed Recorder of Deeds for District of Columbia

1888 At the Republican National Convention, became the first African American to receive a vote for nomination for President of the United States in a major party's roll call vote

1889-1891 Minister-Resident and Counsel General to Republic of Haiti

1892 Appointed by Haitian government as its Commissioner to Chicago World's Columbian Exposition

1876

Rutherford B Hayes OH Republican

Eentered Kenyon College in Gambier in 1838. He enjoyed his time at Kenyon, and was successful scholastically. While there, he joined several student societies and became interested in Whig politics. He graduated with highest honors in 1842 and addressed the class as its valedictorian.

After briefly reading law in Columbus, Ohio, moved east to attend Harvard Law School in 1843, graduating with an LL.B

Admitted to the Ohio bar in 1845 and opened his own law office in Lower Sandusky, now Fremont

1856 Declined the Republican nomination for a Judgeship

1858 Republicans proposed Hayes to fill a vacancy on the bench and he considered accepting the appointment until the offfice of City Solicitor, Cincinnati, became vacant

1858-1861 City Solicitor, Cincinnati, elected by Cincinnati City Council

1861-1865 United States Army, Union Army, Brevet Major General, American Civil War

Mar 4 1865-Jul 20 1867 U.S. House of Representatives OH

Jan 10 1868-Mar 2 1872 Governor OH. Chose not to seek reelection as Governor.

1872 Urged to run for U.S. Senate OH, declined

Appointment as Assistant U.S. Treasurer at Cincinnati.  Turned down appointment. Was hoping for a cabinet appointment.

1872 Nominated for U.S. House of Representatives OH. Lost election but was not disappointed by the loss.

Jan 10 1876-Mar 2 1877 Governor OH

1876 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., elected in disputed election

The 1876 election was one of the most contentious and controversial Presidential elections in American history. The results of the election remain among the most disputed ever, although there is no question that Samuel J Tilden of New York outpolled Ohio's Rutherford B Hayes in the popular vote. After a first count of votes, Tilden won 184 electoral votes to Hayes's 165, with 20 votes unresolved. These 20 electoral votes were in dispute in four states: in the case of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina, each party reported its candidate had won the state, while in Oregon one elector was declared illegal, as an "elected or appointed official", and replaced. The question of who should have been awarded these electoral votes is the source of the continued controversy concerning the results of this election.

An informal deal was struck to resolve the dispute: the Compromise of 1877, which awarded all 20 electoral votes to Hayes. In return for the Democrats' acquiescence in Hayes's election, the Republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South, ending Reconstruction. The Compromise effectively ceded power in the Southern states to the Democratic Redeemers, who went on to pursue their agenda of returning the South to a political economy resembling that of its pre-war condition, including the disenfranchisement of black voters.

This was the first Presidential election in 20 years in which the Democratic candidate won a majority of the popular vote. This is also the only election in which a candidate for President received more than 50 percent of the popular vote but was not elected President by the Electoral College, and one of four elections in which the person winning the plurality of the popular vote did not win the election. It is to date the smallest electoral vote victory and the election with the highest voter turnout of the voting age population in American history.

Mar 4 1877-Mar 4 1881 19th President U.S.

1880 Declined to seek reelection as President U.S.

1881 Elected a companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Served as commander-in-chief (national president) of the Loyal Legion from 1888 until his death in 1893.

Became an advocate for educational charities, advocating federal education subsidies for all children

1887 Appointed to the Board of Trustees of The Ohio State University, the school he helped found during his time as Governor of Ohio

1889 Gave a speech encouraging black students to apply for scholarships from the Slater Fund, one of the charities with which he was affiliated

Advocated for better prison conditions

1890 Chaired the Lake Mohonk Conference on the Negro Question, a gathering of reformers that met in upstate New York to discuss racial issues

First Lady of the United States Lucy Hayes 1877-1881

Descended from seven veterans of the American Revolution.

In 1844, the Webb family moved to Delaware, Ohio. Lucy's brothers enrolled at Ohio Wesleyan University. Although women were not allowed to study at Wesleyan, Lucy was permitted to enroll in the college prep program at the university. A term report signed by the vice-president of Ohio Wesleyan in 1845 noted that her conduct was "unexceptionable" (beyond reproach).

While in college, Lucy wrote essays on social and religious issues.  

Enrolled at Wesleyan Women’s College, class of 1850 (which later merged with Ohio Wesleyan University), from which she graduated with first honors. She was the first First Lady to have graduated from college.

Was the first wife of a President to be widely referred to as the First Lady by the press.

Was an advocate for African Americans both before and after the Civil War.

Known as a  teetotaler, had signed a pledge to abstain from alcohol at a young age.

As a young woman, expressed opinions that suggested she was pro-suffrage, but she did not join any of the prominent suffrage groups of the day.

William A Wheeler NY Republican

Attended Franklin Academy and the University of Vermont, although monetary concerns forced him to drop out without graduating

Admitted to the bar in 1845, practiced law in Malone NY

1846-1849 District Attorney Franklin County NY

1850-1851 NY State Assembly

1858-1859 NY State Senate

Mar 4 1861-Mar 3 1863 U.S. House of Representatives NY

1867-1868 President NY State Constitutional Convention

Mar 4 1869-Mar 3 1877 U.S. House of Representatives NY

President NY Northern Railroad

1876 Delegate to Republican National Convention

1876 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Rutherford B Hayes, elected in disputed election

Mar 4 1877-Mar 4 1881 19th Vice President US

Second Lady of the United States, 1877-1881

Vacant, William Wheeler was a widower.

Samuel J Tilden NY Bourbon Democrat, Democratic

1837 Health concerns clouded Tilden's early years, forcing him to terminate a brief career at Yale University

Studied at New York University (then officially named the University of the City of New York), earning a bachelor's degree before graduating from New York University School of Law (then known as the School of Law of the University of the City of New York)

Admitted to the bar in 1841, becoming a skilled corporate lawyer

His legal practice, combined with shrewd investments, made him rich. Tilden's success at money management and investing caused many of Tilden's friends, relatives and political allies, including Martin Van Buren, to allow Tilden to manage their finances.

1843-1844 New York City's Corporation Counsel

1846 NY State Assembly

1846 Delegate NY State Constitutional Convention

1855 Candidate for NY State Attorney General, lost

After Civil War, NY Democratic State Committee

Led reform movement in New York Democratic Party against Tweed Ring of New York City

1865-1875 Played a prominent role in the reorganization of the Democratic Party

1866-1874 New York State Democratic Committee Chairman

1867 Delegate to New York Constitutional Convention

1867 Received an honorary LL.D. from New York University

1872 NY State Assembly

1875 Received an LL.D. from Yale University

At the same time Yale conferred the LL.D., he was also enrolled as a graduate of Yale's Class of 1837 and received his Bachelor of Arts degree

Led the reform movement in the Democratic Party, and played a key role in the Tweed Ring's demise

Took a leading part in the impeachment of Judge George G Barnard, who was a member of the New York State Supreme Court

Jan 1 1875-Dec 31 1876 Governor NY

As a reform-spirited Governor in 1875 and 1876, turned his attention to a second set of plunderers, the “Canal Ring”, made up of members of both parties who had been systematically robbing New York State by overcharging for maintenance and construction of the New York State Canal System. Succeeded in breaking them up, and his successful service as Governor gained him the Presidential nomination.

1876 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Rutherford B Hayes in disputed election

See Rutherford B Hayes above, 1876, for details of disputed election

1880 Was considered the front-runner for the Democratic Presidential nomination. His chances of obtaining it suffered a blow in October 1878 at the hands of the Republican New York Tribune. The Tribune claimed to have unearthed and decoded secret "cipher" telegrams sent by Tilden's agents at the height of the 1876 electoral dispute, apparently offering bribes to vote-counters in the contested states: $50,000 for Florida, $80,000 for South Carolina, and $5,000 for the single vote from Oregon.

Tilden denied all knowledge of such dispatches, and appeared voluntarily before a Congressional sub-committee in New York City to clear himself of the charge. The attempts to implicate him in corrupt transactions were not successful and he was cleared of any personal wrongdoing. However, his political opponents endeavored to make capital out of the 'Cipher Dispatches' in subsequent campaigns. The controversy somewhat damaged Tilden's reputation for honesty, and he did not run.

1884 Was again considered likely to become a candidate for the Democratic Presidential nomination, but his health began to fail and he declined to run

Thomas A Hendricks IN Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1884

[Lincoln Republican]

1876 Continued

Peter Cooper NY Greenback Party

Industrialist, Inventor, Philanthropist

1840 Alderman New York City

Prior to Civil War active in anti-slavery movement

Involved in United States Indian Commission

Efforts led to the formation of the Board of Indian Commissioners

1876 Greenback Party nominee for President U.S., lost to Rutherford B Hayes

At age 85 is the oldest person ever nominated by any party for President U.S.

Samuel Fenton Cary OH Republican, Greenback Party

Graduated from Miami University in 1835 and from the Cincinnati Law School in 1837

Admitted to the bar 1837, practicing law out of his in office in Cincinnati

Elected Judge of OH State Supreme Court, decided to pass on job

Instead became Postmaster General of OH

1845 Began to devote himself to temperance and anti-slavery groups

1864 Delegate to Republican National Convention

1865 Collector of Internal Revenue for OH First District

Nov 21 1867-Mar 3 1869 U.S. House of Representatives OH

1868 Defeated in bid for reelection to U.S. House of Representatives OH

1875 Candidate for Lieutenant Governor OH, lost

1876 Greenback Party nominee for Vice President U.S. with Peter Cooper, after Newton Booth declined the Vice Presidential nomination, lost

Green Clay Smith KY Prohibition Party

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Son of John Speed Smith, who was elected to the Kentucky legislature and the US House of Representatives. His mother's younger brothers, Brutus J. Clay and Cassius M. Clay, both became state politicians and were later elected as members of the Unionist Party to the US Congress from Kentucky during the American Civil War. Cassius became known as an abolitionist before the war.
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As a young man, pursued academic studies

1846 When the U.S.-Mexican War began, enlisted in the Army and was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the First Regiment of the Kentucky Volunteer Infantry

Smith returned to Kentucky, where he graduated from Transylvania University in 1849, then studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1852. He began his practice in Covington.

1853-1857 School Commissioner Covington KY

1861-1863 Kentucky State House of Representatives

Apr 4 1862 Commissioned Colonel of Fourth Regiment of Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry, July 2 1862 advanced to Brigadier General of Volunteers

Mar 4 1863-Jul 13 1866 U.S. House of Representatives KY

Resigned from military post Dec 1 1863

1865-1866 Served as chairman of the Committee on Militia  

Mar 13 1865 Appointed Brevett Major General of Volunteers

Jul 13 1866-Apr 9 1869 Territorial Governor Montana

1876 Prohibition candidate for President U.S., lost to Rutherford B Hayes

Gideon T Stewart OH Prohibition Party

An American lawyer as well as a newspaper owner and editor. He was very active in promoting the temperance movement. He was elected three timess as grand worthy chief templar of the Good Templars of Ohio. Throughout the 1850s he attempted to organize a permanent prohibition party.

Studied at Oberlin College, but left before graduating to study law in Norwalk, Ohio. Later studied under Noah Haynes Swayne in Columbus, Ohio for more than a year, and spent two years in Florida with his brother, before returning to Norwalk, where he was admitted to the bar in 1846.

During the American Civil War he published Union newspapers in Iowa and then Toledo, Ohio, before returning to law practice in Norwalk in 1866

1869 Delegate to convention that established National Prohibition Party

Candidate for Governor OH, candidate seven times for Judge on OH Supreme Court, candidate for Circuit Court Judge, candidate for U.S. House of Representatives OH, lost

1876 Prohibition candidate for Vice President U.S. with Green Clay Smith, lost

James B Walker IL American National Party

1876 Amerian National Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Rutherford B Hayes

Donald Kirkpatrick NY American National Party

1876 American National Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with James B Walker, lost  

[Lincoln Republican]

1880

James A Garfield OH Republican

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Descendant of Mayflower passengers John and Elinor Billington and Francis Billington

Father of Harry Augustus Garfield, President of Williams College 1909-1934, Supervisor of Federal Fuel Administration 1917-1918, President of American Political Science Association 1921-1922

Father of James Rudolph Garfield, Member Ohio State Senate 1896-1899, was an influential advisor to President Theodore Roosevelt, member U.S. Civil Service Commission 1902-1903, Commissioner of Corporations at the U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor 1903-1907, U.S. Secretary of the Interior 1907-1909, was a candidate for the Republican Party nomination for Governor Ohio in 1910 but withdrew from the convention when it endorsed the Taft Administration, during the 1912 Presidential election, was a key supporter of Theodore Roosevelt's bid for a third term, in 1914 he made an unsuccessful bid for Governor of Ohio on the Progressive Party ticket
=====  

1851-1854 Attended Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, later named Hiram College, Hiram, OH

Enrolled at Williams College Williamstown, MA

1856 Graduated as an outstanding student

1859 Began to study law, admitted to OH bar 1861

Earned a reputation as a skilled debater

The only President of the United States to have been a clergyman

Between 1857 and 1858 elections began career in politics as a speaker in support of Republican Party and their anti-slavery cause

Before admission to the bar, was invited to enter politics by local Republican Party leaders upon the death of Cyrus Prentiss, Republican, the presumed nominee for a State Senate seat for Ohio. Garfield was nominated by the party convention and then elected an Ohio State Senator in 1859, serving until 1861.

1859-1861 OH State Senate

1861-1863 United States Army, Major General, American Civil War

Nov 1862-Jan 1863 Chief of Staff to Major General William S Rosecrans, Union Army, Civil War

Mar 4 1863-Nov 8 1880 U.S. House of Representatives OH

1877-1880 With the Democratic takeover of the U.S. House of Representatives, with many of his leadership rivals defeated in the 1874 Democratic landslide, and James G Blaine elected to the U.S. Senate, Garfield became the Republican Floor Leader, and the likely House Speaker should the Republican Party regain control of the chamber

1880 OH Legislature elected Garfield to  U.S. Senate, elected President before taking Senate seat

1880 Became Republican Party's compromise nominee for the 1880 Presidential election, elected

Won Republican nomination for President U.S. on the thirty fifth ballot at the Republican National Convention, making it the longest Republican National Convention in history
  
Is thus far the only sitting member of the U.S. House of Representatives to have been elected President U.S.

Mar 4 1881-Sep 19 1881 20th President U.S., assassinated

Shot by Charles J Guiteau, a disgruntled office seeker, Jul 2 1881 at the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station in Washington, D.C. and died Sep 19 1881
 
First Lady of the United States Lucretia Garfield 1881

After attending the Geauga Seminary, where she met James Garfield, Lucretia attended the Eclectic Institute. The Institute believed in the education of women and because of this Lucretia became an educated woman of her time. Lucretia studied all of the classics, and learned to speak Greek, Latin, French, and German. Additionally, she studied science, biology, math, history, and philosophy. She graduated from Hiram College (known as Western Reserve Eclectic Institute when she attended) and then became a teacher.

Taught school in Cleveland, and Bayou, Ohio.

Aside from hosting dinners and receptions, advised her husband on whom to select as cabinet officers and her choice for Secretary of State, James Blaine, proved to be successful. "Her diary entries show that she not only understood the implications of each appointment on the rival factions within the Republican Party but also carefully calculated their effects." Her earlier education instilled in her an interest in history and she began to make plans to make the historical White House the cultural center of D.C.

Chester A Arthur NY Republican

The family's frequent moves between Quebec, Canada (then known as British North America)  and Vermont, spawned accusations that Chester Arthur was not a native born citizen of the United States, but that he was born in Dunham, Quebec, Canada, not in Fairfield, Vermont, which is recognized as his official birth place

During his time at school gained his first political inclinations and supported the Whig Party. He joined other young Whigs in support of Henry Clay, even participating in a brawl against students who supported James K Polk. Arthur also supported the Fenian Brotherhood, an Irish republican organization founded in America.

1845-1848 Union College, Schenectady, New York where he studied the traditional classical curriculum. As a senior was president of the debate society.

After graduating, became a full-time teacher, but soon began to pursue an education in the law. While studying law, continued teaching, moving closer to home by taking a job teaching in North Pownal, Vermont. Coincidentally, future President James A Garfield would teach penmanship at the same school three years later, but the two did not cross paths at that time.  Garfield and Arthur were to become the Republican Party candidates for President and Vice President in the 1880 Presidential election.  

1853 After studying at State and National Law School in Ballston Spa, New York, moved to New York City to read law at the law office of Erastus D Culver, an abolitionist lawyer

1854 Admitted to the bar, joined Culver's firm, which was subsequently renamed Culver, Parker, and Arthur

1858 Rose in ranks of conservative branch NY Republican Party

Was able to devote himself to the New York Republican party, eventually rising through political patronage to the position of Adjutant General of New York, with the U.S. Army rank of Brigadier General  

1858-1863 United States Army, Second Brigade, New York Militia, rank of Brigadier General, on staff of NY Republican Governor Edwin D Morgan

1859 Became Judge Advocate General for the Second Brigade of the New York Militia

1861-1863 Served on military staff of NY Republican Governor Edwin D Morgan for the Second Brigade of the New York Militia as follows:

Jan 1 1861-Jan 1 1863 Engineer-In-Chief New York Militia
Apr 14 1862-Jul 12 1862 Inspector General New York Militia
Jul 27 1862-Jan 1 1863 Quartermaster General New York Militia

1864 In the Presidential election raised funds from Republicans in New York for the Abraham Lincoln Presidential campaign

Mar 4 1865 Attended Abraham Lincoln's second Presidential inauguration

Following the Civil War, devoted more time to Republican politics and quickly rose in the Republican political machine run by New York Senator Roscoe Conkling

1866 Unsuccessfully attempted to secure the position of Naval Officer at the New York Custom House, a lucrative job subordinate only to the Collector

1868 Chairman New York City Republican Party executive committee

1868 Fund raiser for Ulysses S Grant's election

1869-1870 Counsel to New York City Tax Commission

Dec 1 1871-Jul 11 1878 Collector of the Port of New York

1878 The new President, Rutherford B Hayes, fired Arthur as Collector of the Port of New York, as part of a plan to reform the federal patronage system in New York  

1879 Worked for election of Republican "Stalwart" faction to NY state offices

Sep 11 1879-Oct 11 1881 Chairman New York State Republican Executive Committee

1880 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S., with James A Garfield, elected

Mar 4 1881-Sep 19 1881 20th Vice President U.S., under James A Garfield

Sep 19 1881-Mar 4 1885 21st President U.S., succeeding President James A Garfield who was assassinated

While in Albany NY on July 2, Arthur learned that Garfield had been shot. The assassin, Charles J Guiteau, was a deranged office seeker who believed that Garfield's successor would appoint him to a patronage job.

More troubling was the lack of legal guidance on Presidential succession. As Garfield lingered near death, no one was sure who, if anyone, could exercise Presidential authority. Also, after Roscoe Conkling's resignation from the U.S. Senate NY, the Senate had adjourned without electing a President Pro Tempore, who would normally follow Arthur in the succession.

Arthur was reluctant to be seen acting as President while Garfield lived, and for the next two months there was a void of authority in the executive office, with Garfield too weak to carry out his duties, and Arthur reluctant to assume them. Through the summer, Arthur refused to travel to Washington DC and was at his Lexington Avenue, New York City home when, on the night of September 19, 1881, he learned that Garfield had died. Judge John R Brady of the New York Supreme Court administered the oath of office in Arthur's home at 2:15 a.m. on September 20.

Later that day he took a train to Long Branch to pay his respects to Garfield and to leave a card of sympathy for his wife, afterwards returning to New York City. On September 21, he returned to Long Branch to take part in Garfield's funeral, and then joined the funeral train to Washington.

Before leaving New York, he ensured the Presidential line of succession by preparing and mailing to the White House a proclamation calling for a Senate special session. This step ensured that the Senate had legal authority to convene immediately and choose a Senate President Pro Tempore, who would be able to assume the Presidency if Arthur died. Once in Washington he destroyed the mailed proclamation and issued a formal call for a special session.

1884 Candidate for Republican Party nomination for President U.S., lost to James G Blaine

1885 Two months before the end of his Presidential term, several New York Stalwarts approached Arthur to request that he run for United States Senate, but he declined, preferring to return to his old law practice, Arthur, Knevals and Ransom.  His health limited his activity with the firm.

Managed only a few public appearances until the end of 1885

Second Lady of the United States 1881

Vacant, Chester A Arthur was a widower.

First Lady of the United States 1881-1885

Ellen Arthur, known as Nell, wife of Chester A Arthur, died Jan 12 1880 before her husband became President.

When Chester A Arthur became President after James A Garfield died, he asked his sister, Mary Arthur McElroy, to be White House hostess. Mary Arthur McElroy served in the capacity of Acting First Lady 1881-1885.

Nell Arthur's social network among the élite families of New York widened Chester's political contacts. The pair became a prominent pairing noted for their ambition to gain the recognition and prestige that would accompany Chester's rise in politics. Among Nell’s friends were Vanderbilts, Astors, and Roosevelts. Her mother's wealth allowed them luxuries such as the three-story Lexington Avenue brownstone townhouse with expensive furnishings from Tiffany’s, which Arthur could not have afforded by himself. Freed from the need to earn enough income to support the lifestyle the couple enjoyed, Arthur was able to devote himself to the New York Republican party, eventually rising through political patronage to the position of Adjutant General of New York, with the U.S. Army rank of Brigadier General. Her singing as a soloist at the Mendelssohn Glee Club earned her renown of her own.

Winfield Scott Hancock PA Bourbon Democrat, Democratic

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Was named after Winfield Scott, a prominent General in the War of 1812 and unsuccessful Whig Party candidate for President U.S. 1852
=====

In 1840, Joseph Fornance, the local Congressman, nominated Hancock to the United States Military Academy at West Point. Hancock's progress at West Point was average. Graduated 18th in his class of 25 in 1844, and he was assigned to the infantry.

1844-1886, United States Army, achieving rank of Major General  

Served in Mexican-American War, American Civil War

1865 Assigned to supervise the execution of the Lincoln assassination conspirators

1866 Command of Middle Military Department, head quarters Baltimore, MD

1866 Command of Military Department of the Missouri, head quarters Fort Leavenworth, KS

During reconstruction in charge of Fifth Military District covering Texas and Louisiana

1868 Command of Department of Dakota, comprising Minnesota, Montana, the Dakotas

1872 Command of Division of the Atlantic, head quarters New York City, NY

1878-1886 President Military Service Institution of U.S.

1879-1886 Commander-in-Chief Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S., a veterans organization

Had been proposed several times unsuccessfully for Democratic Party Presidential nomination

1880 Democratic Party candidate President U.S., lost to James A Garfield

Post 1880 election continued as Commander of Division of the Atlantic

1881 President National Rifle Association  

William Hayden English IN Democratic

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Son of Elisha English who served in the Indiana State Legislature

Father of William E English, IN State House of Representatives 1880-1882, U.S. House of Representatives IN 1884-1885, Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Conventions 1892, 1896. Left Democratic Party in 1900 and became active in Republican Party.  Delegate to Republican National Convention 1912. Elected in 1916 to Indiana State Senate, reelected 1920,  1924, serving until his death in 1926, Republican.        
=====

Attended Hanover College. Left college after three years and began to read law.  

1840 Admitted to IN bar at age eighteen and  built a law practice in Scott County
 
1840 Attended state Democratic convention

1840 Gave speeches on behalf of Democratic Presidential candidate Martin Van Buren

By end of 1842 Came under mentorship of IN Democratic Lieutenant Governor Jesse D Bright who helped him rise within Bright's faction of the Democratic Party

1843 IN State House of Representatives selected English as their clerk

1843 Clerk IN State House of Representatives  
 
1844  Worked on campaign of Democratic Presidential candidate James K Polk

1845-1849 Clerk of Second Auditor Treasury Department, Washington DC, a patronage appointment granted by President James K Polk

1848 Attended Democratic National Convention, supported Lewis Cass, the eventual Presidential nominee

1849-1850 Clerk U.S. Senate Claims Committee, a job obtained through party connections

1850 Worked as secretary to Indiana Constitutional Convention

1851-1853 Indiana State House of Representatives

1851-1852 Speaker Indiana State House of Representatives

1851-1852 Worked for the pro-Southern Douglas-Hunter Presidential ticket, which did not receive the Democratic nomination

Mar 4 1853-Mar 3 1861 U.S. House of Representatives IN

After leaving the House of Representatives, English had remained in touch with local politics, even serving as chairman of the Indiana Democratic Party

Although he had not sought elected office since 1858, he had raised his national profile in 1879 through several interviews and letters to friendly newspapers

Attended the 1880 Democratic National Convention in Cincinnati as a member of the Indiana delegation, where he favored Presidential candidate Thomas F Bayard of Delaware

Major General Winfield Scott Hancock of Pennsylvania won the Presidential nomination

1880 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Winfield Scott Hancock, lost

Resumed business career after the election. Also became more interested in local history, joining a reunion of the survivors of the 1850 state constitutional convention, which met at his opera house in 1885. Became the president of the Indiana Historical Society. Served on the Indianapolis Monument Commission in 1893, and helped to plan and finance the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument there.

[Lincoln Republican]

1880 Continued

James B Weaver IA Repuiblican, Greenback

1851 Read law with Samuel G. McAchran, a local lawyer

1855 Enrolled at Cincinnati Law School, where he studied under Bellamy Storer.  While in Cincinnati, began to question his support for the institution of slavery, a change biographers attribute to Storer's influence. After graduating in 1856, returned to Bloomfield and was admitted to the Iowa bar.  By 1857, he broke with the Democratic party of his father to join the growing coalition that opposed the expansion of slavery, which became the Republican Party.

1857 Appointed Federal Assessor of Internal Revenue
 
1858 Traveled around southern Iowa, giving speeches on behalf of his new party's candidates

1861-1864 Served in Civil War. achieved rank of Brevet Brigadier General

1866 Elected District Attorney Second Iowa Judicial District

Mar 4 1879-Mar 3 1881 U.S. House of Representatives IA

1880 Greenback Party candidate for President U.S., lost to James A Garfield, Winfield Scott Hancock

1882 Candidate for U.S. House of Representatives IA, lost

Mar 4 1885-Mar 3 1889 U.S. House of Representatives IA

1888 Candidate for U.S. House of Representatives IA, lost

1891 Helped found People's Party "Populists"

1892 People's Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison

1896 Supported Democratic Party candidate William Jennings Bryan for President U.S.

Barzillai J Chambers TX Greenback

Surveyor, Lawyer, Politician

Became a lawyer in 1860, but never developed a sizable law practice

After the election of Republican Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States in 1860, Chambers, a Democrat, served on two committees in Navarro County that drafted resolutions opposed to Lincoln and racial equality

1864 Civil War, enlisted for six months in the 1st Regiment of Texas State Troops, Confederate Army, but saw no action

1880 Greenback Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with James B Weaver, lost

Neal S Dow ME Temperance, Whig, Prohibition, Republican

1827 Founding member ME Temperance Society

Before 1837 a leader of the splitting off of the Maine Temperance Union over the issue of whether wine should still be allowed—the Union was for total abstinence

Apr 24 1851-Apr 24 1852 Mayor Portland, ME

1852 Lost reelection for Mayor Portland, ME

1854 Lost reelection for Mayor Portland, ME

1855 Reelected Mayor Portland, ME, supported openly by Republican Party and secretly by Know Nothing Party

Apr 24 1855-Apr 24 1856 Mayor Portland, ME

1861-1864, Colonel Civil War, United States Army, Union Army, rank of Brigadier General

1865 Co-founded National Temperance Society with James Black

1880 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to James A Garfield

Helped engineer Republican Party's rise to dominance in ME that lasted for most of a century from 1855 to 1955

Henry Adams Thompson OH Prohibition

A noted prohibitionist

1858 Graduated from Jefferson College, now Washington & Jefferson College, with a bachelor's degree, and studied for two years at the Western Theological seminary, now Pittsburgh Theological Seminary

1861 Appointed professor of mathematics at Western College, now Leander Clark College, a United Brethren-affiliated college in Shueyville, Iowa, and taught there for one year

1862-1866 Taught mathematics and natural science at Otterbein University in Westerville, OH

1867-1871 Superintendent of schools in Troy, Ohio

1871 Returned to teaching, serving again as a mathematics professor in Westfield College

1872-1886 President Otterbein University

Had identified with the Republican Party since its founding in the 1850s, but in 1874 he left it to join the new Prohibition Party  

1874 Prohibition Party candidate in special election for U.S. House of Representatives OH, as well as for the election for the full term that would follow, lost both

1876 Served as chairman of the Prohibition National Convention

1880 Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Neal S Dow, lost

1900 Union Reform Party candidate for U.S. House of Representatives, OH, lost

1908 Prohibition Party candidate for U.S. House of Representatives, OH, lost

1910 Prohibition Party candidate  for Governor OH, lost

Final attempt at election U.S. House of Representatives, Indiana, lost

John W Phelps VT American Party/Anti-Masonic Party

Appointed to United States Military Academy on July 1, 1832, and graduated on July 1, 1836, with the brevet rank of Second Lieutenant

1836–1859, 1861–1862 United States Army, Union Army
Achieved rank of Brigadier General United States Army
Served in Seminole Wars, Mexican-American War, Utah War, Civil War

1863-1885 Vice President VT Historical Society

1865-1885 President VT Temperance Association

1880 American Party/Anti-Masonic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to James A Garfield


Samuel C Pomeroy KS Republican, American Party/Anti-Masonic Party

1852-1853 MA State House of Representatives

1858-1859 Mayor Atchison, KS

Apr 4 1861-Mar 3 1873 U.S. Senate KS

1864 Became President Atchison Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad

1864 Chair of a committee supporting Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase for the Republican nomination for President U.S. over Abraham Lincoln

1873 Lost bid for reelection to U.S. Senate KS

1880 American Party/Anti-Masonic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with John W Phelps, lost

1884 American Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Grover Cleveland

Aug 27 1884 Pomeroy and running mate John A Conant CT withdrew from Presidential election and endorsed Prohibition Party ticket John St John KS and William Daniel MD

[Lincoln Republican]

1884

Grover Cleveland NY Bourbon Democrat, Democratic

=====
Was distantly related to General Moses Cleaveland after whom the city of Cleveland, Ohio, was named

Father of Richard F Cleveland, 1918 joined the U.S. diplomatic corps and served for six months in Beijing (then still called Peking) as military attache at the U.S. legation, 1967 served as a delegate to the Maryland Constitutional Convention
=====

1854 An elder in his church offered to pay for his college education if he would promise to become a minister, Cleveland declined

Took a clerkship with the the law firm Rogers, Bowen, and Rogers, Buffalo, NY, began to read the law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859

With the American Civil War raging, Congress passed the Conscription Act of 1863, requiring able bodied men to serve in the army if called upon, or else to hire a substitute. Cleveland chose the latter course, paying George Benninsky, a thirty-two year-old Polish immigrant, $150 to serve in his place.

1863 Appointed Assistant District Attorney Erie County, NY

1865 Candidate for District Attorney Erie County, NY, lost

1871-1872 Sheriff Erie County, NY

Jan 3 1882-Nov 20 1882 Mayor Buffalo, NY

Jan 1 1883-Jan 6 1885 Governor NY

1884 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., elected, defeating James G Blaine

Mar 4 1885-Mar 4 1889  22nd President U.S.

1888 Democratic Party candidate for reelection President U.S., defeated, losing to Benjamin Harrison

1892 Democratic Party candidate for reelection President U.S., elected, defeating Benjamin Harrison

Mar 4 1893-Mar 4 1897 24th President U.S.

The only President to serve two non-consecutive terms, 1885–1889 and 1893–1897, and to be counted twice in the numbering of the Presidents, the 22nd President and the 24th President. He was the winner of the popular vote for President three times, 1884, 1888, and 1892, and was one of the two Democrats, alongside Woodrow Wilson, elected to the Presidency in the era of Republican political domination dating from 1861 to 1933.

1896 Candidate for National Democratic (Gold Democrats) Presidential nomination, lost to John M Palmer

Post Presidency

For a time Trustee of Princeton University

Consulted occasionally with President Theodore Roosevelt, 1901–1909, but was financially unable to accept the chairmanship of the commission handling the Coal Strike of 1902. Cleveland still made his views known in political matters. In a 1905 article in The Ladies Home Journal, Cleveland weighed in on the women's suffrage movement, which he did not support.

1906 A group of New Jersey Democrats promoted Cleveland as a possible candidate for the United States Senate from New Jersey. Cleveland declined the offer.

First Lady of the United States

Grover Cleveland entered office as a bachelor. His sister, Rose Cleveland, served as White House hostess 1885-1886. He married Frances Cornelia Folsom on June 2, 1886, who became First Lady Frances Cleveland 1886-1889, and again 1893-1897, in Cleveland's second term.

Attended Wells College in Aurora, New York.

Frances Folsom, age 21, married President Grover Cleveland, age 49, on June 2, 1886, at the White House. This was the only time the President married in the Executive Mansion.

1914 Became a member of the pro war National Security League, becoming its director of the Speaker's Bureau and the Committee on Patriotism through Education.

Campaigned against women's suffrage.

May 1913 elected as vice president of the New Jersey Association Opposed to Woman's Suffrage and served as the president for the Princeton chapter 1919.

During the Great Depression of the 1930s, she led the Needlework Guild of America in its clothing drive for the poor.

Thomas A Hendricks IN Democratic

1841 Graduated from Hanover College, pursued classical studies

After college read law with Judge Stephen Major in Shelbyville, took an eight-month law course at a school in Chambersburg, PA, that was operated by his uncle, Judge Alexander Thomson. Returned to Indiana, was admitted to bar 1843, began private law practice in Shelbyville.

1848 IN State House of Representatives

1848 Speaker IN State House of Representatives

1851 Delegate IN Constitutional Convention

Mar 4 1851-Mar 4 1855 U.S. House of Representatives IN

1854 Defeated for re-election U.S. House of Representatives IN

1855-1859 Commissioner General Land Office in Washington DC

1860 Candidate Governor IN, lost

Mar 4 1863-Mar 4 1869 U.S. Senate IN

1868 Candidate Governor IN, lost

1872 During Presidential election 1872, Democrats supported and subsequently nominated the Liberal Republican candidate, Horace Greeley. When Greeley died only days after the election, but before the Electoral College cast their ballots, 42 of 63 Democratic electors previously pledged to Greeley voted for Hendricks.

Jan 13 1873-Jan 8 1877 Governor IN

1876 Democratic candidate for Vice President U.S. with Samuel J Tilden, lost in disputed election

1884 Candidate Democratic Party nomination for President U.S., lost to Grover Cleveland

1884 Chairman IN delegation Democratic National Convention

1884 Democratic candidate for Vice President U.S. with Grover Cleveland, elected

Mar 4 1885-Nov 25 1885 21st Vice President U.S. with Grover Cleveland.  Hendricks died in office.

Second Lady of the United States Eliza Hendricks 1885

She was not only the light of her husband's home life, but, wherever his official duties called him, he was accompanied by her, and when he twice visited the Old World, in quest of health, she was his faithful companion.  

She was described as "generous, wise and discreet".

[Lincoln Republican]

1884 Continued

James G Blaine ME Republican

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Father of Walker Blaine, After law school joined the law office of Senator Cushman Kellogg Davis, Republican, Maine in Saint Paul, Minnesota, 1881 Blaine's father became U.S. Secretary of State, Blaine's father named him Third Assistant Secretary of State, with Blaine holding this office from 1881-1882, following the death of Garfield and the resignation of the older Blaine, President Chester A Arthur appointed Walker Blaine assistant counsel of the United States for the Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims. Blaine held this office until the court's abolition on Jan 1, 1886, 1889 Blaine's father became Secretary of State for the second time and James G Blaine again secured a position for Walker Blaine in the United States Department of State, this time as Solicitor of the Department of State.
=====

1847 Considered attending law school at Yale Law School, but ultimately decided against it, instead moving west to find a job

1848 Hired as a professor of mathematics and ancient languages at the Western Military Institute in Georgetown, Kentucky

Grew to enjoy life in his adopted state and became an admirer of Kentucky Senator Henry Clay

Once again considered taking up the study of law

Philadelphia's law libraries gave Blaine the chance to at last begin to study the law, but in 1853
became editor and co-owner of the Kennebec Journal

The decision to become a newspaperman started Blaine on the road to a lifelong career in politics

Blaine became co-owner of the Journal with John L Stevens, a local minister, and their partnership coincided with the demise of the Whig party and birth of the Republican party, and Blaine and Stevens actively promoted the new party in their newspaper

1856 Delegate to first Republican National Convention

1857 Returned to Maine

1858-1862 ME State House of Representatives

1861-1862 Speaker ME State House of Representatives

Mar 4 1863-Jul 10 1876 U.S. House of Representatives ME

Mar 4 1869-Mar 4 1875 Speaker U.S. House of Representatives

Jul 10 1876-Mar 5 1881 U.S. Senate ME

1880 Candidate for Republican Party nomination for President U.S., lost to James A Garfield

It was to Blaine and his delegates that Garfield owed his nomination. When Garfield was elected President, he turned to Blaine to guide him in selection of his cabinet and offered him the preeminent position, U.S. Secretary of State, which Blaine accepted, resigning from the Senate on Mar 5, 1881.

Mar 7 1881-Dec 19 1881 U.S. Secretary of State under James A Garfield

1882 Declined to run for U.S. Congress

1884 Republican Party candidate President U.S., lost to Grover Cleveland

Mar 7 1889-Jun 4 1892 U.S. Secretary of State under Benjamin Harrison

1892 Encouraged by his supporters to run for 1892 Republican nomination for President U.S. though he denied any interest, but diehard Blaine delegates still gave him enough votes for him to finish in second place

Of the nine men the Republican Party nominated for the Presidency of the United States from 1860 to 1912, Blaine is the only one who never became President

John A Logan IL  Democratic, Republican

1815 His parents emancipated their slaves and moved to Chillicothe, Ohio

Studied law as an apprentice to his uncle, William Allen, who became a U.S. Senator from Ohio in 1837

1834  Became private secretary to Governor of Ohio, Democrat Robert Lucas

1835 Admitted to the Ohio bar and became his uncle's law partner

1846-1848 Second Lieutenant Mexican-American War

1851 Graduated from the Law Department of the University of Louisville 1851 and practiced law

1853-1854 IL State House of Representatives

1856 Prosecuting Attorney Third Judicial District IL

1857 IL State House of Representatives

Mar 4 1859-Apr 2 1862 U.S. House of Representatives IL, Democrat

1861-1865 Major General American Civil War

1864 Returned to IL for elections but resigned army afterwards

Mar 4 1867-Mar 3 1871 U.S. House of Representatives IL, Republican

1868 In the U.S. House of Representatives, was one of the managers in the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson

1868-1871 Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic and helped lead the call for creation of Memorial Day, originally called Decoration Day, as a national public holiday

Member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, a military society which was composed of officers who had served in the Union armed forces during the American Civil War

Mar 4 1871-Mar 3 1877 U.S. Senate IL

Mar 4 1879-Dec 26 1886 U.S. Senate IL

His war record and his great personal following, especially among members of the Grand Army of the Republic, contributed to his nomination for Vice President U.S. in 1884 on the ticket with James G Blaine

1884 Republican Party candidate Vice President U.S. with James G Blaine, lost

[Lincoln Republican]

1884 Continued

John St John KS Republican, Prohibition

Civil War Lieutenant Colonel Union Army

1873 KS State Senate, Republican

Jan 13 1879-Jan 8 1883 Governor KS, Republican

1884 Candidate Prohibition Party for President U.S., lost to Grover Cleveland

William Daniel MD Prohibition

Graduated from Dickinson College, studied law, and began practicing law in Maryland in 1851

1857 Elected MD State Legislature

1872 Chosen head of Maryland Temperance Alliance upon its formation

1884 Candidate Prohibition Party for Vice President U.S. with John St John, lost

Benjamin Franklin Butler MA Democratic, Republican, Greenback, Anti-Masonic

Attended Waterville, now Colby College in pursuit of his mother's wish that he prepare for the ministry, but eventually rebelled against the idea. In 1836 Butler sought permission to go instead to West Point for a military education, but did not receive one of the few places available. He continued his studies at Waterville, where he sharpened his rhetorical skills in theological discussions, and began to adopt Democratic political views. He graduated in August 1838.

Returned to Lowell, where he clerked and read law as an apprentice with a local lawyer. He was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1840, and opened a practice in Lowell. He quickly gained a reputation as a dogged criminal defense lawyer who seized on every misstep of his opposition to gain victories for his clients, and also became a specialist in bankruptcy law. His trial work was so successful that it received regular press coverage, and Benjamin expanded his practice into Boston.

1853 MA State House of Representatives, Democratic

1859 MA State Senate, Democratic

1848, 1852, 1856, 1860 Delegate to Democratic National Convention

1861-1865 Major General Union Army, American Civil War

Mar 4 1867-Mar 4 1875 U.S.  House of Representatives, Republican

Mar 4 1877-Mar 4 1879 U.S. House of Representatives, Republican

1878 Candidate for Governor MA, lost

1879 Candidate for Governor MA, lost, Democratic and Greenback

Jan 4 1883-Jan 3 1884 Governor MA, Democratic

1884 Candidate Greenback Party/Anti-Masonic Party for President U.S., lost to Grover Cleveland

Absolom M West MS, Whig, Democratic, Greenback, Anti-Masonic

1847 Elected MS State Senate

Civil War Brigadier General MS State Militia

Assumed various administrative office for the state, Quarter Master-General, Paymaster-General, Commissary-General

After 1864 President Mississippi Central Railroad

After Civil War Mississippi Central Railroad sold to Illinois Central Railroad

After Civil War returned to MS State Senate

After Civil War elected to U.S. House of Representatives, MS, although he, along with the rest of the unreconstructed Mississippi delegation, was not permitted to be seated

In the years that followed, established a branch of  National Labor Union

1876 Democratic Elector for President

Reelected MS State Senate

Joined Greenback Party

1884 Candidate Greenback Party/Anti-Masonic Party for Vice President U.S., with Benjamin Franklin Butler, lost

Samuel C Pomeroy KS American Prohibition Party

1884 American Prohibition candidate for President U.S.  

Ticket withdrew from Presidential election Aug 27 1884 and endorsed Prohibition Party ticket of John St John, KS and William Daniel, MD See 1880

John A Conant CT American Prohibition Party

1884 American Prohibition candidate for Vice President U.S. with Samuel C Pomeroy

Ticket withdrew from Presidential election Aug 27 1884 and endorsed Prohibition Party ticket of John St John, KS and William Daniel, MD

Belva Ann Lockwood Washington DC, National Equal Rights Party

Attorney, politician, educator, author, suffragist

Worked to equalize pay for women in education

Supported movement for world peace

Proponent of temperance

Graduated from law school in Washington, D.C.

Became one of the first female lawyers in U.S. 1879 successfully petitioned Congress to be allowed to practice before the United States Supreme Court

1879 legislation signed into law by Benjamin Harrison

Became the first woman lawyer to argue a case before the U.S. Supreme Court

Was a well respected writer, who frequently wrote essays about women's suffrage and the need for legal equality for women. Among the publications in which she appeared in the 1880s and 1890s were Cosmopolitan (then a journal of current issues), the American Magazine of Civics, Harper's Weekly, and Lippincott's. In addition to being active in the National American Woman Suffrage Association and the Equal Rights Party, she participated in the National Women's Press Association. The organization for women journalists also advocated for equal rights for women.
 
Believed strongly in working for world peace, belonged to the Universal Peace Union, one of its representatives at an exposition in Paris in 1889, a delegate to an International Peace Congress in London, continued to speak on behalf of peace and disarmament to the year of her death

First woman (or second, depending on one's opinion, after Victoria Woodhull) to run for President U.S.

1884 National Equal Rights Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Grover Cleveland

1888 National Equal Rights Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Benjamin Harrison

Marietta Stow CA National Equal Rights Party, Woman Suffragists Party

American suffragist

1869 Replaced Elizabeth Schenck as president of the San Francisco Women's Suffrage Association after Schenck became sick

1880 Nominated by the Greenback Party to be the San Francisco School Director

A year after accepting this nomination she formed the Women's Independent Political Party. This new party allowed for women to be further involved in politics and it was a way for them to gain confidence and experience. Stow believed it was vital that women have their own party, but she was still a supporter of the Greenback Party and its candidates.

1882 Ran for Governor of California  as the Women's Independent Political Party candidate, lost

1884 Chairperson Equal Rights Party National Convention, the first woman to preside over a national nominating convention

1884 She and Clara S. Foltz nominated Belva Ann Lockwood for President U.S., National Equal Rights Party

1884 National Equal Rights Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Belva Ann Lockwood, lost

1892 National Woman Suffragists Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Victoria Woodhull, lost

[Lincoln Republican]

1888

Benjamin Harrison IN Whig, Republican

=====
Grandson of William Henry Harrison, Secretary of Northwest Territory 1798-1799, U.S. House of Representatives Northwest Territory at large 1799-1800, Governor Indiana Territory 1801-1812, U.S. House of Representatives Ohio 1816-1819, U.S. Senate Ohio 1825-1828, U.S. Minister to Colombia 1828-1829, President U.S. 1841. See also William Henry Harrison 1840.

Great grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a delegate to the Continental Congress, 1774–1777, who signed the Declaration of Independence, Governor of Virginia 1781-1784, during and after the American Revolutionary War
  
Nephew of Carter Bassett Harrison, a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, 1784–1786 and 1805–1808, member U.S. House of Representatives VA 1793-1799
=====

Harrison was seven years old when his grandfather, William Henry Harrison, was elected President U.S., but he did not attend the inauguration

Having grown up in a Whig household, he favored that party's politics while young

1847 Enrolled in Farmer's College near Cincinnati, Ohio. Attended the college for two years.

1850 Transferred to Miami University in Oxford, Ohio and graduated in 1852 with a law degree. He joined the fraternity Phi Delta Theta, which he used as a network for much of his life. He was also a member of Delta Chi, a law fraternity which permitted dual membership. Classmates included John Alexander Anderson, who became a six-term congressman, and Whitelaw Reid who ran as Harrison's Vice Presidential candidate in his Presidential reelection campaign. At Miami, Harrison was strongly influenced by history and political economy professor Robert Hamilton Bishop.

1892 Republican Presidential nominee Benjamin Harrison and Republican Vice Presidential nominee Whitelaw Reid are the only two candidates on the same ticket who are alumni of the same university, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio

1856 Joined Republican Party after its formation

1856 Campaigned for Republican Presidential candidate John C Fremont

1856 Elected Indianapolis, IN City Attorney

1860 Elected Reporter Indiana Supreme Court

1862–1865 Union Army Rank Colonel, Brevet Brigadier General, American Civil War

1864 Reelected Reporter Indiana Supreme Court  

1864 Appointed by President Ulysses S Grant to represent federal government in a civil claim

Local Republicans urged Harrison to run for Congress

1872 Candidate for Republican nomination for Governor IN, lost

Continued to make speeches for Republican candidates and policies

1876 Original Republican candidate for Governor IN dropped out of race, Harrision accepted Republicans invitation to become replacement candidate for Governor, IN, lost

1877 During great railroad strike helped mediate between workers and management to preserve public order

1878 When Senator Morton died in 1878, Republicans nominated Harrison to run for the seat, but the party failed to gain a majority in the state legislature and a Democrat was chosen for the seat

1879 Appointed by President James A Garfield to Mississippi River Commission

1880 Delegate to Republican National Convention. Harrison was thought to have been instrumental in breaking a deadlock on candidates. James A Garfield won the nomination.

Mar 4 1881-Mar 4 1887 U.S. Senate IN

Offered cabinet position by James A Garfield administration. Harrison declined as he preferred to remain serving as a U.S. Senator

1886 Lost bid for reelection to U.S. Senate IN

Returned to Indianapolis and law practice but stayed active in state and national politics

1888 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., elected, defeating President Grover Cleveland

Mar 4 1889-Mar 4 1893 23rd President U.S.

1889 Elected honorary member Pennsylvania Society of the Cincinnati

Veteran companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States and an honorary companion of the Military Order of Foreign Wars

1892 Republican Party candidate for reelection President U.S., defeated, losing to former President Grover Cleveland

After leaving office Harrison visited the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in June 1893, where the nation's first commemorative postage was introduced, an initiative of his Postmaster General, John Wanamaker

1896 Some friends in Republican Party tried to convince Harrison to seek Republican Presidential nomination, declined to run

1896 Supported William McKinley the Republican nominee for President U.S. and traveled the nation in support

1895-1901 Board of Trustees of Purdue University

Wrote a series of articles about the Federal government and the Presidency which were republished in 1897 as a book titled This Country of Ours

1899 Attended the First Peace Conference at The Hague

1900 Served as an attorney for the Republic of Venezuela in their boundary dispute with the United Kingdom. The two nations disputed the border between Venezuela and British Guiana. An international trial was agreed upon and the Venezuelan government hired Harrison to represent them in the case. He filed an 800-page brief for them and traveled to Paris where he spent more than 25 hours arguing in court. Although he lost the case, his legal arguments won him international renown.

First Lady of the United States

Caroline Harrison died while her husband, Benjamin Harrison, was still in office, was First Lady 1889-1892. Their daughter Mary Harrison McKee acted as White House hostess for the remainder of his incumbency, 1892-1893.

Caroline Harrison enrolled in Oxford Female Institute, studying English literature, theater, art, and painting. In her senior year in 1852, she joined the faculty as an Assistant in Piano Music.

At the onset of the Civil War, sought to help in the war effort. Caroline joined local groups such as the Ladies Patriotic Association and the Ladies Sanitary Committee, which helped care for wounded soldiers directly and raised money for their care and supplies. At the same time, she joined the church choir and raised their two children.

In 1889 Caroline Harrison raised the first Christmas tree in the White House, as the custom was becoming more popular. She introduced the use of orchids as the official floral decoration at state receptions. A talented artist, she conducted china-painting classes in the White House for other women; it was a popular craft of the time.

With other ladies of progressive views, she helped raise funds for the Johns Hopkins University Medical School on the condition that it admit women.

Levi P Morton NY Republican

=====
Descendant of Mayflower passengers Stephen and Elizabeth (Fisher) Hopkins

Younger brother of David O Morton, A Democrat, served on Toledo Ohio City Council, City Attorney, Mayor of Toledo 1849-1850, appointed a Master Commissioner in Chancery for the courts of Lucas County. In 1852 and 1853 was one of three Commissioners on Practice and Pleadings, appointed United States Attorney for the District of Ohio in 1854 by Franklin Pierce. In 1855, the district was divided into Northern and Southern Districts, and Morton became Attorney for the Northern District of Ohio, serving until 1857.
=====

Left school early and worked as a clerk in a general store in Enfield, Massachusetts, taught school in Boscawen, New Hampshire, engaged in mercantile pursuits in Hanover, New Hampshire, moved to Boston, entered the dry-goods business in New York City, and engaged in banking there

1876 Republican candidate U.S. House of Representatives NY, lost

1878 Appointed by President Rutherford B Hayes as honorary commissioner to Paris Exhibition

Mar 4 1879-Mar 21 1881 U.S. House of Representatives NY

1880 Republican Presidential nominee, James A. Garfield, asked Morton to be his Vice Presidential running mate, but Morton declined the offer. If he had accepted and history continued on the same course, Morton would have become the 21st President, instead of Chester A. Arthur, after Garfield's assassination.  He asked to be appointed Minister to Britain or France instead.

Mar 21 1881-May 14 1885 U.S. Minister to France

1888 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Benjamin Harrison, elected
 
Mar 4 1889-Mar 4 1893 22nd Vice President U.S. under Benjamin Harrison

When Harrison was re-nominated for the Presidency in 1892, Morton was not chosen again as Harrison's Vice Presidential running mate, as Whitelaw Reid was instead selected

Jan 1 1895-Dec 31 1896 Governor NY

1896 Was considered for the Republican Presidential nomination but the Party chose William McKinley

Second Lady of the United States Anna Morton 1889-1893

Often handled entertaining duties for the administration of Benjamin Harrison, due to First Lady Caroline Harrison's illness and ultimate death.

[Lincoln Republican]

1888 Continued

Grover Cleveland NY Democratic Party candidate for President U.S. See 1884

Allen G Thurman OH Democratic

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Nephew of William Allen, U.S. House of Representatives OH 1833-1835, U.S. Senate OH 1837-1849, Governor OH 1874-1876
=====

Studied law as an apprentice to his uncle, William Allen

1834 Private Secretary to Governor of OH, Democrat Robert Lucas

1835 Admitted to the Ohio bar and became his uncle's law partner

Mar 4 1845-Mar 3 1847 U.S. House of Representatives OH

Feb 9 1852-Dec 4 1854 Associate Justice OH Supreme Court

Dec 4 1854-Feb 9 1856  Chief Justice OH Supreme Court

1860 Supported Democrat Stephen A Douglas for President U.S.

1867 Democratic candidate Governor OH, lost to Rutherford B Hayes

Mar 4 1869-Mar 4 1881 U.S. Senate OH

1876-1877 In the 1876–1877 electoral college crisis, Rutherford B Hayes vs Samuel J Tilden, Thurman helped to arrive at the solution of creating the Electoral Commission to settle the controversy, and ultimately served as one of the members of the commission, as one of the five Senators, one of the two Senate Democrats, and one of the seven Democrats altogether

Aug 15 1879-Dec 5 1880 President Pro Tempore U.S. Senate.  As President Pro Tempore of U.S. Senate, served as President of U.S. Senate because of the illness of Vice President William A Wheeler.

1880 Failed to gain re-election to U.S. Senate

Appointed by President James A Garfield as American representative to International Monetary Conference in Paris, France

1880 Name was put forward as OH favorite son candidate for Democratic Presidential nomination

1884 Name was put forward as OH favorite son candidate for Democratic Presidential nomination

1888 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Grover Cleveland, lost

When Cleveland was re-nominated for his successful re-election to the Presidency in 1892, Thurman was not chosen again as Cleveland's Vice Presidential running mate, as Adlai E. Stevenson I was instead selected

[Lincoln Republican]

1888 Continued

Clinton B Fisk NJ Prohibition Party

Established Fisk University, which is named after him

An abolitionist

1862-1865, Served  in American Civil War, reached rank of Brigadier General

A leader in temperance movement

Post Civil War Appointed Assistant Commissioner of the Freed Men's Bureau for Kentucky and Tennessee

1874 Appointed by President Ulysses S Grant to Board of Indian Commissioners

1888 Candidate for President U.S. Prohibition Party, lost to Benjamin Harrison

John A Brooks MO Prohibition Party

Noted religious scholar and prohibitionist

1888 Candidate for Vice President U.S., Prohibition Party with Clinton B Fisk, lost

Alson Streeter IL Democratic, Greenback, Union Labor Party

Attended Knox College in Illinois

Became a miner and farmer

1873-1874 IL State House of Representatives, Democrat

1880 Candidate for Governor IL Greenback Party, lost

1885-1888 IL State Senate, Democrat

1888 Candidate for President U.S., Union Labor Party, lost to Benjamin Harrison

Samuel Evans Union Labor Party

1888 Nominated as candidate for Vice President U.S., Union Labor Party with Alson Streeter, declined nomination, replaced by Charles E Cunningham

Charles E Cunningham AR Union Labor Party

Lumberman and sawmill operator in Little Rock, AR

1873-1877 Served on the board of the Little Rock, AR School District  

1888 Candidate for Vice President U.S., Union Labor Party with Alson Streeter, lost

Robert Hall Cowdrey IL United Labor Party

1888 Candidate for President U.S., United Labor Party, lost to Benjamin Harrison

William HT Wakefield United Labor Party

1888 Candidate for Vice President U.S., United Labor Party with Robert Hall Cowdrey, lost

James Langdon Curtis NY American Party (Anti-Masonic Party)

Merchant, founder of New Jersey Zinc Works, lawyer

Colonel, 9th Rgiment, New York State Militia, put down Flour Riot of 1837

1888 Candidate for President U.S., American Party (Anti-Masonic Party), lost to Benjamin Harrison

Peter D Wigginton CA American Party (Anti-Masonic Party)

Completed preparatory studies and attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Studied law.  Admitted to the bar in 1859 and practiced law

Editor of the Dodgeville, Wisconsin, Advocate. Moved to Snelling, California, in 1862, and continued the practice of law

1864-1868 District Attorney Merced County CA

Mar 4 1875-Mar 3 1877 U.S. House of Representatives CA

Feb 7 1878-Mar 3 1879 U.S. House of Representatives CA

1888 Candidate for Vice President U.S., American Party (Anti-Masonic Party) with James Langdon Curtis, lost

Belva Ann Lockwood Washington DC National Equal Rights Party candidate for President U.S. See 1884

Alfred H Love PA National Equal Rights Party

1866 Founded Universal Peace Union in Providence, Rhode Island and served as its president until his death in 1913

Tried to support gaining justice for American Indian tribes in the West, who were being forced off traditional lands onto reservations, often located hundreds of miles distant from their old territories

1875 met with Alfred B Meacham, a member of the peace commission to end the Modoc War, and members of the Modoc people, including Toby Riddle and Frank Riddle, who were on a national lecture tour

1888 Nominated as candidate for Vice President U.S., National Equal Rights Party with Belva Ann Lockwood, except when he was nominated he wasn't informed of it. When he found out, as the president of the Universal Peace Union and a lifelong world peace activist, he was horrified to run as Vice President to the Commander in Chief, and dropped out of the race, replaced by Charles Stuart Weld.

1906 nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize by eight United States Senators and Hannis Taylor

Tried to support gaining justice for American Indian tribes in the West, who were being forced off traditional lands onto reservations, often located hundreds of miles distant from their old territories. In 1875 he met with Alfred B. Meacham, a member of the peace commission to end the Modoc War, and members of the Modoc people, including Toby Riddle and Frank Riddle, who were on a national lecture tour.

Charles Stuart Weld NY National Equal Rights Party

=====
Son of prominent progressives Theodore Dwight Weld and Angelina Grimke

Theodore Dwight Weld was one of the architects of the American abolitionist movement during its formative years from 1830 through 1844, playing a role as writer, editor, speaker, and organizer. He is best known for his co-authorship of the authoritative compendium American Slavery As It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses, published in 1839. Harriet Beecher Stowe partly based Uncle Tom’s Cabin on Weld's text and it is regarded as second only to that work in its influence on the antislavery movement. Weld remained dedicated to the abolitionist movement until slavery was ended by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1865. Weld was influenced to join the abolitionist movement by retired British army officer Charles Stuart at Western Reserve College.

Angelina Emily Grimké Weld was an American political activist, women's rights advocate, supporter of the women's suffrage movement, and besides her sister, Sarah Moore Grimké, the only known white Southern woman to be a part of the abolition movement. While she was raised a Southerner, she spent her entire adult life living in the North. The time of her greatest fame was between 1836, when a letter she sent to William Lloyd Garrison was published in his anti-slavery newspaper, The Liberator, and May 1838, when she gave a courageous and brilliant speech to abolitionists gathered in Philadelphia, with a hostile crowd throwing stones and shouting outside the hall. The essays and speeches she produced in that two-year period were incisive arguments to end slavery and to advance women's rights.
=====

Was named after prominent abolitionist, retired British army officer Charles Stuart

1888 Candidate for Vice President U.S., National Equal Rights Party with Belva Ann Lockwood, lost

Replaced Alfred H Love who had earlier withdrawn as the Vice Presidential nominee

[Lincoln Republican]

1892  

Grover Cleveland NY Democratic Party candidate for President U.S. See 1884

Adlai E Stevenson I IL Democratic

=====
Father of Lewis G Stevenson
Appointed Secretary of State of Illinois, serving 1914-1917
Was considered a strong contender for Democratic Vice Presidential nomination in 1928

Grandfather of Adlai E Stevenson II
1933 Special Attorney and assistant to Jerome Frank, the general counsel of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) a part of Franklin D Roosevelt’s New Deal
1934 Chief Attorney for the Federal Alcohol Control Administration (FACA), a subsidiary of the AAA which regulated the activities of the alcohol industry
1935 Chairman of the Chicago branch of the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies (known often as the White Committee, after its founder, William Allen White)
1940-1945 Principal Attorney and Special Assistant to Colonel Frank Knox, U.S. Secretary of the Navy
1945 Took a temporary position in the State Department as Special Assistant to the Secretary of State to work with Assistant Secretary of State Archibald MacLeish on a proposed world organization
1945 Went to London as Deputy United States Delegate to the Preparatory Commission of the United Nations Organization, a position he held until February 1946. When the head of the delegation fell ill, Stevenson assumed his role. His work at the Commission, and in particular his dealings with the representatives of the Soviet Union, resulted in appointments to the US delegations to the UN in 1946 and 1947.
1949-1953 Governor IL
1952 Democratic Party candidate President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower
1956 Democratic Party candidate President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower
1961-1965 U.S. Ambassador to United Nations, under John F Kennedy and Lyndon B Johnson

Great Grandfather of Adlai E Stevenson III
Clerk for a Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court 1957-1958, Illinois State House of Representatives 1965-1967, Illinois State Treasurer 1967–1970, U.S. Senator from Illinois 1970–1981, was encouraged to run for President U.S. in 1976 by Mayor Richard J. Daley of Chicago, declined, was one of the finalists for the Democratic Party Vice Presidential nomination U.S. in 1976 at the Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination went to Minnesota Senator Walter Mondale  
=====

Attended Illinois Wesleyan University at Bloomington and ultimately graduated from Centre College, in Danville, Kentucky

Became a lawyer. Admitted to Illinois state bar in 1858 at age 23. As a young lawyer, he encountered such Illinois attorneys as Stephen A Douglas and Abraham Lincoln. In the 1858 Senate race between Lincoln and Douglas, Stevenson campaigned for Douglas and became a Democrat. He also made speeches against the "Know-Nothing" movement, a group opposed to immigrants and Catholics.

During Civil War Appointed Master in Chancery (an aide in a Court of Equity)

1864 Presidential Elector for Democratic ticket

1864-1868 District Attorney

Mar 4 1875-Mar 3 1877 U.S. House of Representatives IL

1876 Lost bid for reelection to U.S. House of Representatives

Mar 4 1879-Mar 3 1881 U.S. House of Representatives IL, Democratic and Greenback

1880 Lost bid for reelection to U.S. House of Representatives

1882 Lost bid for reelection to U.S. House of Representatives

1884 Delegate to Democratic National Convention, after briefly supporting a local candidate,  threw his support behind Grover Cleveland for Presidential nomination

1885-1889 First Assistant Postmaster General in Grover Cleveland administration

1888 Nominated as Associate Justice Supreme Court for District of Columbia, defeated for confirmation

1892 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Grover Cleveland, won

Mar 4 1893-Mar 4 1897 23rd  Vice President U.S. with Grover Cleveland

1900 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with William Jennings Bryan, lost

First ex-Vice President to win renomination for that post with a different Presidential candidate

1908 Candidate for Governor IL, lost

Second Lady of the United States Letitia Stevenson 1893-1897

A descendant of Joshua Fry, surveyor, adventurer, mapmaker, soldier, and member of the Virginia House of Burgesses, the legislature of the colony of Virginia.

Became engrossed in the emerging women's rights movement.

Benjamin Harrison IN Republican Party candidate for President U.S. See 1888

Whitelaw Reid NY Republican

Attended Xenia Academy and went on to graduate from Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, with honors in 1856

1892 Republican Presidential nominee Benjamin Harrison and Republican Vice Presidential nominee Whitelaw Reid are the only two candidates on the same ticket who are alumni of the same university, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio

Longtime editor New York Tribune

Close friend of Horace Greeley, 1872 Liberal Republican Party and Democratic Party candidate for President U.S.  

1872 A leader of the Liberal Republican movement

Mar 23 1889-Mar 25 1892 U.S. Ambassador to France

1892 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Benjamin Harrison, lost

1898 Member of Peace Commission following Spanish-American War

Mar 8 1905-Dec 15 1912 U.S. Ambassador to United Kingdom, died in office

[Lincoln Republican]

1892 Continued

James B Weaver IA Populist (People's Party) candidate for President U.S. See 1880

James G Field VA Populist (People's Party)

Engaged in mercantile pursuits at Fairfax, Virginia, and subsequently taught school

1850 Studied law with his uncle, Judge Richard H. Field, and was admitted to the bar in 1852

Civil War Rank of Major

1848 Clerk Pay Department U.S. Army

1850 Secretary of convention that framed first constitution of state of California

1859-1861 VA Attorney for Culpepper County

1877-1882 Attorney General VA

1892 Populist (People's Party) candidate for Vice President U.S. with James B Weaver, lost

John Bidwell CA Democratic, Republican, Prohibition

John Bidwell and Annie Kennedy were married April 16, 1868 in Washington, D.C. with then President Andrew Johnson and future President Ulysses S. Grant among the guests. Upon arrival in Chico, CA, the Bidwells used their mansion extensively for entertainment of friends. Some of the guests who visited Bidwell Mansion were President Rutherford B. Hayes, General William T. Sherman, Susan B. Anthony, Frances Willard, Governor Leland Stanford, John Muir, Joseph Dalton Hooker and Asa Gray

Major in Mexican-American War

1849 CA State Senate

1850 Supervised census of CA

1860 Supervised census of CA

1860 Delegate to Democratic National Convention

1863 Brigadier General CA Militia

1864 Delegate to Republican National Convention

Mar 4 1865-Mar 3 1867 U.S. House of Representatives CA

1875 Anti Monopoly Party candidate Governor CA, lost

1880 Prohibition Party candidate Governor CA, lost

1888 Presided over Prohibitiion Party state convention

1892 Prohibitiion Party candidate President U.S., lost to Grover Cleveland

James Cranfill TX Prohibition

Noted religious figure and prohibitionist

1892 Prohibition Party candidate Vice President U.S. with John Bidwell, lost

Simon Wing MA Socialist Labor

Daguerreotypist, camera inventor

Active member Socialist Labor Party of America

1892 First nominee of Socialist Labor Party of America for President U.S., lost to Grover Cleveland

Charles Matchett NY Socialist Labor

Worked at various times in his earlier years as a United States Navy sailor, a clerk, carpenter, and beer bottler, then worked as an electrician

Charter member Brooklyn Nationalist Club, active in campaign to elect Henry George Mayor of New York City

1890 Organizer American Branch No. 1 of Section New York of Socialist Labor Party of America

Influential in bringing many of the New York Nationalists into ranks of the party

1892 First nominee Socialist Labor Party of America for Vice President U.S., with Simon Wing, lost

1894 Socialist Labor Party candidate Governor NY, lost

1896 Socialist Labor Party candidate President U.S., lost to William McKinley

1899 Left Socialist Labor Party during the organization's bitter 1899 split and joined the organization headed by Henry Slobodin and Morris Hillquit which merged with the Chicago-based Social Democratic Party of America in the summer of 1901 to form the Socialist Party of America (SPA)

1903 Socialist Party of America candidate New York Court of Appeals, lost

1903 Candidate New York State Assembly, lost

Candidate New York City Council at various times, lost

Victoria Woodhull NY National Woman Suffragists candidate for President U.S. See 1884

Marietta Stow CA National Woman Suffragists candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1884

[Lincoln Republican]

1896

William McKinley OH Republican

1860 Enrolled at Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania. Remained at Allegheny for only one year returning home in 1860 after becoming ill and depressed. Although his health recovered, family finances declined and McKinley was unable to return to Allegheny.

1861-1865 Rank of Brevet General Civil War, 23rd Ohio Infantry

Last veteran of Civil War to be nominated for President U.S. by either major party

1865 Decided on a career in law and began studying in the office of an attorney in Poland, Ohio
 
1866 Continued his studies by attending Albany Law School in New York. After studying there for less than a year, returned home and was admitted to the bar in Warren, Ohio, in March 1867.

1869-1871 Prosecuting Attorney Stark County, OH

1871 Candidate for reelection Prosecuting Attorney Stark County, OH, lost

1875 Attended Republican convention that nominated Rutherford B Hayes for third term as Governor of OH, campaigned for Hayes in election, won by Hayes

1876 Campaigned for Rutherford B Hayes in Presidential election, won by Hayes

Mar 4 1877-Mar 3 1883 U.S. House of Representatives OH

1880 OH representative on Republican National Committee

1882 Presented his credentials as member-elect to U.S. House of Representatives OH, session 1883-1885, served March 4 1883-May 27 1884. Succeeded by Jonathan H Wallace, who successfully contested his election.

Mar 4 1883-May 27 1884 U.S. House of Representatives OH

1884 Delegate to Republican National Convention  

Mar 4 1885-Mar 3 1891 U.S. House of Representatives OH

1889 Sought election as Speaker of U.S. House of Representatives, lost

1892 Candidate for Republican Party nomination for President U.S., lost to Benjamin Harrison

Jan 11 1892-Jan 13 1896 Governor OH
 
1896 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., elected

1900 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., reelected

Mar 4 1897-Sep 14 1901 25th President U.S., assassinated

Shot by Leon Frank Czolgosz, an American anarchist and former steel worker, at the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo NY. Shot Sep 6 1901, died Sep 14 1901.

First Lady of the United States Ida McKinley 1897-1901

A graduate of Brook Hall Seminary, a finishing school in Media, Pennsylvania.

Garret A Hobart NJ Republican

1863 Graduated from Rutgers College at age 19, finishing third in his class. He received his diploma from Theodore Frelinghuysen, New Jersey's first major party Vice Presidential candidate, who had run unsuccessfully with Henry Clay, the Presidential candidate, in 1844. In later life, Hobart was a generous donor to Rutgers, received an honorary degree after becoming Vice President U.S., and shortly before his death was elected a trustee.

Did not serve in the Union Army

Garret Hobart's father, Addison Hobart, had a childhood friend, lawyer Socrates Tuttle, who offered to take Garret into his office to read law. Tuttle was a prominent Passaic County lawyer who had served in the NJ legislature.

Socrates Tuttle was influential in Paterson, NJ, which worked to Hobart's advantage. According to Michael J Connolly in his 2010 article about Hobart, the future Vice President "benefitted greatly from Tuttle's beneficence". In 1866, the year he became a lawyer, and was admitted to NJ bar, Hobart was appointed grand jury clerk for Passaic County, NJ. When Tuttle became Mayor of Paterson, NJ in 1871, he made Hobart city counsellor-at-law. In 1872, Hobart was made a master in chancery and counsel for the county Board of Chosen Freeholders.

1872-1874 NJ State General Assembly

1874 Speaker NJ State General Assembly

Stepped down after two terms in NJ State General Assembly which was customary

1874 Campaigned for Republican nominee for the seat, Republican nominee won

1876-1882 NJ State Senate

1876-1896 Delegate to every Republican National Convention

1880-1891 Member NJ Republican Committee, resigning as became more involved in Republican National Committee affairs

1881-1882 President NJ State Senate

1883 Republican Party candidate for U.S. Senate NJ, lost

Regarded as northern NJ's most influential Republican

After 1884 NJ's representative on Republican National Committee, becoming Vice Chairman

1896 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with William McKinley, elected

Mar 4 1897-Nov 21 1899 24th Vice President U.S., died in office

Second Lady of the United States Jennie Hobart 1897-1899

As Second Lady of the United States, she often served as White House hostess because the First Lady, Ida McKinley, suffered from epilepsy.

Vice President Hobart died November 21, 1899. After his death, she returned to Paterson and became involved in community affairs. 

During the American women's suffrage movement, she positioned herself as definitively anti-suffrage. She organized the New Jersey Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage and held regular meetings.

[Lincoln Republican]

1896 Continued

William Jennings Bryan NE Democratic, Populist Party (People's Party)

=====
Son of Silas Bryan, an avid Jacksonian Democrat, member Illinois State Senate 1852-1860,  defeated for re-election 1860. Won election as a state circuit judge.

Older brother of Charles W Bryan, Mayor Lincoln NE 1915-1917, Governor NE 1923-1925, Democratic candidate for Vice President U.S. 1924, lost, Governor NE 1931-1935, Mayor Lincoln NE 1935-1937

Together, William Jennings Bryan and Charles W Bryan share the distinction of being the only set of brothers to be nominated for national office by a major party
=====

1881 Graduated from Illinois College, graduating as valedictorian

Attended Union Law College, now Northwestern University School of law, in Chicago  

While preparing for the bar exam, taught high school

Practiced law in Jacksonville, IL from 1883 to 1887, then moved to the boom city of Lincoln, Nebraska. In Lincoln, Bryan met James Dahlman and they became lifelong friends. As chairman of the Nebraska Democratic Party, Dahlman would help carry Nebraska for Bryan in two Presidential campaigns. Even when Dahlman became closely associated with Omaha's vice elements, including the breweries as the city's eight term Mayor, he and Bryan maintained a collegial relationship.

Mar 4 1891-Mar 3 1895 U.S. House of Representatives NE

1894 Ran for U.S. Senate NE but a Republican landslide led to the State Legislature's choice of a Republican for the U.S. Senate NE seat

1896 Democratic Party and Populist Party (People's Party) candidate for President U.S., lost to William McKinley

At age 36 became youngest nominee for President U.S. of any major party in American history

1898 Colonel in Spanish-American War

1900 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to William McKinley

Following his defeat in the election of 1900, Bryan needed money, and his powerful voice and 100% name recognition were assets that could be capitalized. For the next 25 years, Bryan was the most popular speaker on the Chautauqua circuit, delivering thousands of paid speeches on current events in hundreds of towns and cities across the country, even while serving as U.S. Secretary of State.

1908 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to William Howard Taft

1912 Campaigned for Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., NJ Governor Woodrow Wilson, Wilson elected

Mar 5 1913-Jun 9 1915 U.S. Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson

1916 Campaigned for Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., President Woodrow Wilson, Wilson re-elected

Extremely active in Christian organizations

1920 Refused to support the Democratic Presidential nominee, James M Cox, because he deemed Cox not "dry" enough

1924 Opposed the "wet" Al Smith, who was a candidate for the Democratic Presidential nomination

1924 Bryan's younger brother, Nebraska Governor Charles W Bryan, was put on the Democratic Party ticket as candidate for Vice President with Presidential candidate John W Davis, to keep the Bryanites in line. Bryan was very close to his brother and endorsed him for the Vice Presidency.

After his resignation as Secretary of State, until his death, Bryan became an active promoter of Florida real estate, and lived in the Miami area during the colder months. His promotions, in print, speeches and even radio talks, may have played a role in setting the 1920s Florida real estate boom in motion, and "The Great Commoner" Bryan ironically became rich from his real estate investments. The Florida boom collapsed within months after Bryan's death in 1925.

Cross of Gold Speech

The Cross of Gold speech was delivered by William Jennings Bryan, a former United States Representative from Nebraska, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on July 9, 1896. In the address, Bryan supported bimetallism or "free silver", which he believed would bring the nation prosperity. He decried the gold standard, concluding the speech, "you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold". Bryan's address helped catapult him to the Democratic Party's Presidential nomination. it is considered one of the greatest political speeches in American history.

William Jennings Bryan was the candidate for President U.S. of both the Democratic Party and the Populist Party (People's Party) in 1896 and had a Vice Presidential running mate from both parties, Arthur Sewall Democratic Party and Thomas E Watson Populist Party (People's Party).  The Democratic ticket of William Jennings Bryan and Arthur Sewall were supported as well by the National Silver Party.

Arthur Sewall ME Democratic

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Father of Harold Marsh Sewall, a member of the Maine State House of Representatives 1896, 1903–1907, a delegate to Republican National Convention from Maine 1896, the last United States Minister to Hawaii, arriving in 1897 to the Republic of Hawaii, and returning in 1898 after annexation formed the Territory of Hawaii, a member of Maine State Senate 1907–1909, a candidate for U.S. House of Representatives from Maine 1914, member of Republican National Committee from Maine, 1924

Grandfather of Sumner Sewall, Governor of Maine 1941-1945, a Republican
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An exceptionally wealthy and successful shipbuilder and industrialist

A Director of Maine Central Railroad

President of Bath National Bank
 
1888-1896 Member Democratic National Committee

1896 Democratic Party candidate Vice President U.S. with William Jennings Bryan, lost

His selection as Vice Presidential nominee is believed to have been an effort to win votes among conservative and New England members of the party who were disturbed by the populist aspects of William Jennings Bryan

Thomas E Watson GA Democratic, Populist Party (People's Party )

After attending Mercer University, he did not graduate, family finances forced withdrawal after two years, he became a school teacher

Later studied law and was admitted to the Georgia bar in 1875

1882-1883 GA State Legislature, resigned seat before term expired over matter of principle

1888 Presidential Elector for Democratic Presidential candidate Grover Cleveland

Mar 4 1891-Mar 3 1893 U.S. House of Representatives GA

1892 Lost reelection for U.S. House of Representatives GA

1892 Instrumental in founding of GA Populist Party

1896 Populist Party (People's Party) candidate for Vice President U.S. with William Jennings Bryan, lost

1904 Populist Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Theodore Roosevelt

1908 Populist Party candidate for President U.S., lost to William Howard Taft

Mar 4 1921-Sep 26 1922 U.S. Senate GA, Democratic, died in office

[Lincoln Republican]

1896 Continued

John M Palmer IL National Democratic Party (Gold Democrats) candidate for President U.S. See 1872

Simon Bolivar Buckner KY Democratic, National Democratic (Gold Democrats)

1840 Enrolled at the United States Military Academy. In 1844 he graduated eleventh in his class of 25 and was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the 2nd U.S. Infantry Regiment. He was assigned to garrison duty at Sackett's Harbor on Lake Ontario until August 28, 1845, when he returned to the Academy to serve as an assistant professor of geography, history, and ethics

Military Service

Allegiance
United States of America
Confederate States of America

Service/branch
United States Army
Kentucky State Guard
Confederate States Army

Years of service
1844 – 1855 (USA)
1858 – 1861 (Kentucky)
1861 – 1865 (CSA)

Rank
Union army Captain (USA)
Union army Major General (Kentucky)
CSA Lieutenant General (CSA)

Commands
Third Corps, Army of Tennessee

Battles/wars
Mexican–American War
American Civil War
Battle of Fort Donelson
Battle of Perryville
Battle of Chickamauga

1867 Urged to run for Governor KY, withdrew his name

1883 Candidate Democratic Party nomination Governor KY, withdrew

1884 Appointed by Governor of KY to Board of Trustees for Kentucky Agricultural and Mechanical College (later University of Kentucky)

Aug 30 1887-Sep 2 1891 Governor KY, Democratic

1890 Delegate to KY Constitutional Convention

1895 Nominated for U.S. Senate KY, withdrew

1896 National Democratic candidate (Gold Democrats) candidate for Vice President U.S. with John M Palmer, lost

Joshua Leavering MD Prohibition ("Narrow Gauge")

A strong supporter of the temperance movement

President of Trustees of Southern Baptist Theological Seminary

Vice President Southern Baptist Convention

Co-founder American Baptist Educational Society

Co-founder Layman's Missionary Movement

1896 Prohibition Party ("Narrow Gauge") candidate President U.S., lost to William McKinley

Hale Johnson IL Prohibition ("Narrow Gauge")

A lawyer by profession

Mayor Newton, IL

Considered one of the most effective, prominent and influential prohibitionists in U.S. of the time

1896 Prohibition Party ("Narrow Gauge") candidate Governor IL, lost

1896 Prohibition Party ("Narrow Gauge") candidate Vice President U.S. with Joshua Leavering, lost

Charles Matchett NY Socialist Labor candidate for President U.S. See 1892

Matthew Maguire NY Socialist Labor

Machinist by trade

1898 Socialist Labor candidate for Governor New Jersey, lost

1896 Socialist Labor candidate Vice President U.S. with Charles Matchett, lost

Charles Eugene Bentley NE Republican, Prohibition, National Prohibition ("Broad Gauge")

1866 Moved to Clinton IA, held several local offices

Moved to NE

1880 Started a Baptist church

1884 Split from Republican Party and joined Prohibition Party

1884 Chairman first Prohibition Party convention held in NE

1895-1896 Chairman National Prohibition Party

Candidate twice NE State Legislature, lost

Candidate once U.S. House of Representatives NE, lost

Candidate once U.S. Senate NE, lost

1892 Candidate Governor NE, lost

1896 National Prohibition Party ("Broad Gauge") candidate for President U.S., lost to William McKinley

James Southgate NC Democratic, Prohibition, National Prohibition ("Broad Gauge")

1876-1878 University of North Carolina

Engaged in banking and insurance business  

Served as president of the YMCA of North Carolina

Served as treasurer of the State Sunday School Association

Joined the Prohibition Party and became a member of the platform committee

In Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1896, he voted with a breakaway faction of the party that attempted to broaden the party’s appeal beyond the issue of prohibition. Styled as the “National Prohibition Party,” “The Liberty Party,” or the “Silver Prohibitionists,” after their desire to have the dollar based on the value of silver rather than gold

A civic leader in Durham, NC, became a trustee of both Trinity College and Duke University

State Party Chair Prohibition Party NC

1896 National Prohibition Party ("Broad Gauge") candidate for Vice President U.S. with Charles Eugene Bentley, lost