Public Offices held by Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates

[Lincoln Republican]

1952 Continued

Adlai E Stevenson II IL Democratic

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A maternal great grandson of Jesse W Fell, who had been a close friend and campaign manager for Abraham Lincoln in his unsuccessful 1858 U.S. Senate IL race

Grandson of Adlai Stevenson I, U.S. House of Representatives, Illinois, 1875-1877, 1879-1881, Assistant Postmaster U.S. 1885-1889, Vice President U.S. under President Grover Cleveland 1893-1897, unsuccessful Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with William Jennings Bryan 1900

Son of Lewis G Stevenson,  appointed Secretary of State of Illinois, serving 1914–1917, and was considered a strong contender for the Democratic Vice Presidential nomination in 1928

Father of Adlai E Stevenson III, Clerk for a Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court 1957-1958, Illinois State House of Representatives 1965-1967, Illinois State Treasurer 1967–1970, U.S. Senator from Illinois 1970–1981, was encouraged to run for President U.S. in 1976 by Mayor Richard J Daley of Chicago, declined, was one of the finalists for the Democratic Party Vice Presidential nomination U.S. in 1976 at the Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination went to U.S. Senator Walter Mondale of Minnesota, Stevenson was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Governor IL 1982 and was the unsuccessful candidate for Governor IL of the Solidarity Party, backed by the  regular Democratic organization in 1986  
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1918 Enlisted in the Navy and served at the rank of Seaman Apprentice, but his training was completed too late for him to participate in World War I

1922 Graduated Princeton University with a B.A. degree in literature and history

Went to Harvard Law School, but found the law to be "uninteresting", and withdrew after failing several classes

A year after leaving Harvard, became interested in the law again after talking to Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr

1926 Received Bachelor of Laws degree from Northwestern University School of Law and passed the Illinois State Bar examination that year

1933 Special Attorney and assistant to Jerome Frank, the general counsel of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) a part of President Franklin D Roosevelt’s New Deal

1934 Following the repeal of Prohibition changed jobs, becoming Chief Attorney for the Federal Alcohol Control Administration (FACA), a subsidiary of the AAA which regulated the activities of the alcohol industry

1935 Returned to Chicago to practice law, became involved in civic activities, particularly as chairman of the Chicago branch of the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, known often as the White Committee, after its founder, William Allen White

1940-1944 Principal Attorney and Special Assistant to Frank Knox, U.S. Secretary of the Navy

Early 1944 Joined a mission to Sicily and Italy for the Foreign Economic Administration to report on the country's economy

1945 Took a temporary position in the State Department as Special Assistant to the Secretary of State, Edward Stettinius Jr, to work with Assistant Secretary of State Archibald MacLeish on a proposed world organization

1945 Went to London as Deputy United States Delegate to the Preparatory Commission of the United Nations Organization, a position he held until February 1946. When the head of the delegation fell ill, Stevenson assumed his role. His work at the Commission, and in particular his dealings with the representatives of the Soviet Union, resulted in appointments to the US delegations to the UN in 1946 and 1947.

Jan 10 1949-Jan 12 1953 Governor IL

1952 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

Following his 1952 defeat, Stevenson in 1953 made a well publicized world tour through Asia, the Middle East and Europe, writing about his travels for Look magazine. His political stature as head of the Democratic Party gave him access to many foreign leaders and dignitaries. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1953. In the 1954 off-year elections Stevenson took a leading role in campaigning for Democratic congressional and gubernatorial candidates around the nation. When the Democrats won control of both houses of Congress and picked up nine gubernatorial seats it put Democrats around the country in Stevenson's debt and greatly strengthened his position as his party's leader.

1956 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

Early in 1957, Stevenson resumed law practice, allying himself with Judge Simon H Rifkind to create a law firm based in Washington, D.C., Stevenson, Paul, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, and a second firm in Chicago, Stevenson, Rifkind & Wirtz. Both law firms were related to New York City's Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison. Stevenson's associates in the new law firm included Willard Wirtz, William McCormick Blair Jr, and Newton N Minow. Each of these men would later serve in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. He also accepted an appointment, along with other prominent Democrats, to the new Democratic Advisory Council, which "pursued an aggressive line in attacking the Republican Eisenhower administration and in developing new Democratic policies." He was also employed part-time by the Encyclopædia Britannica as a legal consultant.

Prior to the 1960 Democratic National Convention, Stevenson announced that he was not seeking the Democratic nomination for President, but would accept a draft. Because he still hoped to win the nomination, Stevenson refused to give the nominating address for relative newcomer John F Kennedy, which strained relations between the two men. Once Kennedy won the nomination, Stevenson, always an enormously popular public speaker, campaigned actively for him. Due to his two Presidential nominations and previous United Nations experience, Stevenson perceived himself an elder statesman and the natural choice for U.S. Secretary of State, an opinion shared by few in the Kennedy camp. Instead, the prestigious post went to the then little known Dean Rusk, and Stevenson was appointed to the lesser post of United States Ambassador to the United Nations.

President Kennedy offered Stevenson the choice of becoming U.S. Ambassador to Britain, U.S. Attorney General, a post that eventually went to Robert F Kennedy, brother of President John F Kennedy, or U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. Stevenson accepted the latter position.

Jan 23 1961-Jul 14 1965 U.S. Ambassador to United Nations, with cabinet rank and the title of Ambassador, under Presidents John F Kennedy and Lyndon B Johnson. Stevenson died in office.

1964 Supported Lyndon B Johnson for President

John Sparkman AL Democratic

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Son of Whitten Joseph Sparkman, who doubled as the Deputy Sheriff for Morgan County AL
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During World War I was a member of the Students Army Training Corps

1917 Enrolled in University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa

1921 University of Alabama Bachelor of Arts degree

1921 Became a founding member of the Gamma Alpha Chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha

1921  Chosen as the university's "most outstanding senior"  

1923 University of Alabama School of Law Bachelor of Laws degree

1924 University of Alabama Master of Arts degree in history

Worked on the The Crimson White, the university's newspaper, becoming the paper's editor-in-chief

At university, served as his class's student body president

Awarded a teaching fellowship in history and political science

1925 Admitted to Alabama State Bar

1930-1931 U.S. Commissioner (Magistrate Judge) for Alabama's northern judicial district

Jan 3 1937-Nov 6 1946 U.S. House of Representatives AL

Jan 1 1946-Nov 6 1946 Majority Whip U.S. House of Representatives

Nov 6 1946-Jan 3 1979 U.S. Senate AL

1952 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Adlai Stevenson, lost

1972 In his last U.S. Senate AL race Sparkman easily defeated President Richard Nixon's former United States Postmaster General, the Republican businessman Winton M Blount, who was running without a specific endorsement from President Nixon. From May 1972 to Nov 1972, future U.S. President George W Bush transferred from the Texas Air National Guard to serve as the political director in Blount's campaign.

Oct 30 1977 Sparkman became the longest serving U.S. Senator in Alabama state history

[Lincoln Republican]

1952 Continued

Vincent Hallinan CA Progressive Party

Served in U.S. Navy during World War I

Lawyer, innovator in courtroom tactics

Defense attorney for longshoreman union leader Harry Bridges, who had been accused of being a Communist

1952 Jailed six months for contempt of court

1952 Progressive Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

Indicted in 1953 on income tax evasion charges, convicted and sentenced to 18 months in prison  

In his autobiography he argued for prison reform and in favor of treating drug addiction as a medical condition, providing clean maintenance drugs to addicts, legalizing prostitution, and against laws forbidding private consensual sex, contraception and abortion, imperialism and American foreign policy

Charlotta Bass CA Republican, Progressive Party

Educator, newspaper publisher-editor, civil rights activist

Was probably the first African-American woman to own and operate a newspaper in the United States, she published the California Eagle from 1912 until 1951

1920s Became co-president of the Los Angeles chapter of the Universal Negro Improvement Association

Formed the Home Protective Association to defeat housing covenants in all-white neighborhoods

Helped found the Industrial Business Council, which fought discrimination in employment practices and encouraged black people to go into business

As editor and publisher of the California Eagle, the oldest black newspaper on the West Coast, fought against restrictive covenants in housing and segregated schools in Los Angeles

Campaigned to end job discrimination at the Los Angeles General Hospital, the Los Angeles Rapid Transit Company, the Southern Telephone Company, and the Boulder Dam Project

1930s

During the Great Depression continued to encourage black businesses with the campaign known as "Don't Buy Where You Can't Work"

As a leader of both the NAACP and the UNIA, spanned the divide between integrationist and separatist black politics

The director of the Youth Movement of the NAACP

1940 Republican Party chose Bass as western regional director for Wendell Willkie's Presidential campaign

1943 Became the first African-American grand jury member for the Los Angeles County Court

1943 Led a group of black leaders to the office of the Mayor of Los Angeles, Fletcher Bowron. They demanded an expansion of the Mayor's Committee on American Unity, more public mass meetings to promote interracial unity, and an end to the discriminatory hiring practices of the privately owned Los Angeles Railway Company. The Mayor listened, but agreed to do no more than to expand his committee.

1943 Served on the Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee, a multiracial group that fought for the release of several Chicanos convicted of murder by an all-white jury

Later in 1940s Left the Republican Party and joined the Progressive Party because she believed neither of the major parties was committed to civil rights

1952 Served as National Chairman of the Sojourners for Truth and Justice, an organization of black women set up to protest racial violence in the South

1952 Progressive Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Vincent Hallinan, lost
 
Became the first African American woman to run for Vice President of the United States

[Lincoln Republican]

1952 Continued

Stuart Hamblen TX Democratic, Prohibition Party

Musician, Christian songwriter, temperance supporter and recurring candidate for political office

1938 Democratic candidate for U.S. House of Representatives CA, lost

1952 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

Enoch A Holtwick IL Prohibition Party

Was a life-long Prohibitionist, a leader in the campaign which had elected Congressman Charles Randall in California

Educator with a long record of actively supporting the temperance movement

His doctoral dissertation had been on the role of third parties in American politics  

Head of the Department of Government and History at Greenville College, Greenville, Illinois

1936 Prohibition Party candidate for Illinois State Treasurer, lost

Was Prohibition Party candidate for Governor IL, lost  

1938, 1940, 1942, 1944, 1948, 1950 Prohibition  Party candidate for U.S. Senate IL, lost

1952 Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Stuart Hamblen, lost

1956 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

After his political candidacies, moved to California and became president of Los Angeles Pacific Junior College

Long after retirement continued to give an annual lecture to the student body with a survey of current world events and issues

Eric Hass NY Socialist Labor Party

A prolific author on topics dealing with socialism and one of the SLP's more influential members

1942 Socialist Labor Party candidate for NY State Attorney General, lost

1944 Socialist Labor Party candidate for U.S. Senate NY, lost

1950 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Governor NY, lost

1952 Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

1956 Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

1958 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Governor NY, lost

1960 Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to John F Kennedy

1962 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Governor NY, lost

1964 Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Lyndon B Johnson

Stephen Emery NY Socialist Labor Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1948

Darlington Hoopes PA Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S. See 1944

Samuel H Friedman NY Socialist Party of America

Journalist and  longtime labor union activist

An early member of and longtime visitor to the Three Arrows Cooperative Society, a cooperative summer colony located in Putnam Valley, NY, imbued with socialist and communitarian values that offers a wide range of cultural, educational and leisure activities

1952 Socialist Party of America candidate for Vice President U.S. with Darlington Hoopes, lost

1956 Socialist Party of America candidate for Vice President U.S. with Darlington Hoopes, lost

Frequently ran in New York for State Senator, Lieutenant Governor, New York City Controller and City Council President, lost each time

The Constitution Party was a conservative third party in the United States, founded in 1952

For the 1952 Presidential election, the Constitution Party nominated General Douglas MacArthur for President and Senator Harry F. Byrd for Vice-President, without permission from either candidate

Douglas MacArthur AR Republican, Constitution Party, Republican

1903 Graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, NY

Second Lieutenant U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

1919-1922 Superintendent of the United States Military Academy

1925 Became U.S. Army's youngest Major General

1930-1935 Chief of Staff of the United States Army with rank of General

1935 Field Marshall of the Philippine Army

Received rank of Field Marshall to supervise creation of a Philippine army

Military advisor to the Commonwealth government of the Philippines

1941 Commander of U.S. Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) with rank of Major General

1942 Supreme Commander Allied Forces in Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA)

1945-1951 Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP), Japan

The U.S. was firmly in control of Japan to oversee its reconstruction, and MacArthur was effectively the interim leader of Japan from 1945 until 1948. In 1946, MacArthur's staff drafted a new constitution that renounced war and stripped the Emperor of his military authority.

Led the United Nations Command in the Korean War until he was removed from command by President Harry S. Truman on 11 April 1951

Later became Chairman of the Board of Remington Rand

1948 Republican National Convention, MacArthur was especially popular among conservatives. Since he was serving in Japan as the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers occupying that nation, he was unable to campaign for the nomination. However, he did make it known that he would not decline the GOP nomination if it were offered to him, and some conservative Republicans hoped that by winning a primary contest he could prove his popularity with voters. They chose to enter his name in the Wisconsin primary.  MacArthur was entered into a total of five primaries, Wisconsin, Illinois, Nebraska, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, winning none of them.

1952 Constitution Party and America First Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

MacArthur was nominated by the Constitution Party and the America First Party without his permission

Harry F Byrd VA Democratic, Constitution Party, Democratic

1908-1918 President of The Valley Turnpike Company, overseeing the Valley Turnpike, a 93-mile toll road between Winchester and Staunton

1916-1926 VA State Senate

1918 State Fuel Commissioner

1922 Elected chairman Democratic State committee

Feb 1 1926-Jan 15 1930 Governor VA

1928-1940 Democratic National committeeman
 
1928 U.S. Presidential campaign supported Al Smith, the Democratic Governor of New York, for President

1932 Was an early favorite for the Democratic Presidential nomination but opted to endorse Franklin D. Roosevelt at the right moment and became an official in Roosevelt's successful campaign

Mar 4 1933 Appointed to fill a vacancy in the U.S. Senate VA, subsequently elected on Nov 7, 1933, and reelected in 1934, 1940, 1946, 1952, 1958, and 1964, resigning from U.S. Senate Nov 10 1965

Mar 4 1933-Nov 10 1965 U.S. Senate VA

By the 1950s Was one of the most influential Senators, often broke with the Democratic Party line, going so far as to refuse to endorse Roosevelt's successor, Harry S. Truman, in 1948, and also refused to endorse Adlai Stevenson in 1952

1952 Constitution Party and America First Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Douglas MacArthur, lost

Byrd was nominated by the Constitution Party and the America First Party without his permission

1956 A States' Rights Party of Kentucky named Byrd as a Presidential candidate, lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

Although Byrd was never a candidate in a Presidential election, he nevertheless received popular votes in the 1956 election. In the 1960 election, he received 15 electoral votes from unpledged electors, all 8 from Mississippi, 6 of Alabama's 11, the rest going to John F. Kennedy, and 1 from Oklahoma, the rest going to Richard Nixon. These electoral votes gave Byrd a third place finish in the election, finishing behind John F Kennedy and Richard Nixon.

Farrell Dobbs MN Socialist Workers Party candidate for President U.S. See 1948

Myra Tanner Weiss CA Socialist Workers Party

1935 Recruited to the American Trotskyist movement

Lived and worked for the Socialist Workers Party in Los Angeles

1945 Socialist Workers Party candidate for Mayor Los Angeles, lost

1949 Socialist Workers Party candidate for Mayor Los Angeles, lost

1952 Socialist Workers Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Farrell Dobbs, lost

1956 Socialist Workers Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Farrell Dobbs, lost

1960 Socialist Workers Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Farrell Dobbs, lost

Later in life became a political supporter of the Freedom Socialist Party

[Enderman]

You okay Winfield?

[Lincoln Republican]

1956

Dwight D Eisenhower PA Republican candidate for President U.S. See 1952

Richard Nixon CA Republican candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1968

Adlai  E Stevenson II IL Democratic candidate for President U.S. See 1952

Estes Kefauver TN Democratic

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Husband of Nancy Kefauver, Nov 1963 President Kennedy named Nancy Kefauver, widow of Estes Kefauver, to be the first head of the new Art in Embassies Program, Kennedy's last Presidential appointment
=====

1922-1924 Attended University of Tennessee receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree

1927 Graduated from Yale Law School with an LL.B. cum laude

For the next dozen years practiced law in Chattanooga

1938 Sought election to TN State Senate, lost

1939 Spent two months as State Finance and Taxation Commissioner under newly elected Governor Democrat Prentice Cooper

When Democratic Congressman Sam D McReynolds of Tennessee's 3rd district, which included Chattanooga, died in 1939, Kefauver was elected to succeed him in the U.S. House of Representatives TN

Sep 13 1939-Jan 3 1949 U.S. House of Representatives TN

Jan 3 1949-Aug 10 1963 U.S. Senate TN, died in office

1952 Candidate for Democratic nomination for President U.S., lost to Adlai Stevenson

1956 Candidate for Democratic nomination for President U.S., lost to Adlai Stevenson

1956 Stevenson decided to let the delegates themselves pick his Vice Presidential nominee, instead of having the choice dictated to them. Although Stevenson preferred Senator John F Kennedy of Massachusetts as his running mate, he did not attempt to influence the balloting for him in any way, and Kefauver eventually received the nomination.

1956 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Adlai Stevenson, lost

After 1956 defeat was considered the front runner for the 1960 Democratic Presidential nomination

1959 Let it be known he was not going to campaign a third time for the Democratic Presidential nomination

Continued to represent Tennessee in the U.S. Senate. The abandonment of Presidential ambitions led to his most productive years as a Senator. While he largely faded from the public eye, he earned the respect of congressional colleagues from both parties for his independence and his sponsorship of a number of important foreign and domestic legislative measures.

Unpledged Electors

Unpledged Electors placed third in the popular vote behind the Republican and Democratic tickets

In United States Presidential elections, an Unpledged Elector is a person nominated to stand as an elector but who has not pledged to support any particular Presidential or Vice Presidential candidate, and is free to vote for any candidate when elected a member of the Electoral College

However, Unpledged Electors failed to win any electoral votes

T Coleman Andrews VA States Rights Party

Certified Public Accountant
  
1931-1933 Auditor of Public Accounts VA

1938 Controller and Director of Finance in Richmond VA

Served in the office of the Under-Secretary of War as a Fiscal Director

1943 Joined the United States Marine Corps working as an accountant in North Africa and in the Fourth Marine Aircraft Wing

1953-1955 Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Left the position in 1955 stating his opposition to the income tax.

1956 States Rights Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

Thomas E Werdel CA Republican, States Rights Party

Lawyer

1943, 1945 CA State Assembly legislative sessions

Jan 3 1949-Jan 3 1953 U.S. House of Representatives CA

1952 Hoped to lead a pro-Taft, anti-Warren delegation to the Republican National Convention, but Governor Earl Warren, a favorite son candidate, once again controlled California's votes

1952 Lost bid for reelection to U.S.House of Representatives CA

1956 States Rights Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with T Coleman Andrews, lost

Eric Hass NY Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S. See 1952

Georgia Cozzini WI Socialist Labor Party

An active member of the Socialist Labor Party (SLP)

1942 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Governor WI, lost.  The first woman to run for Governor of Wisconsin.
 
1946 Socialist Labor Party candidate  for U.S. Senate WI, lost

1956 Socialist Labor Party candidate  for Vice President U.S. with Eric Hass, lost

1958 Socialist Labor Party candidate  for U.S. Senate WI, lost

1960 Socialist Labor Party candidate  for Vice President U.S. with Eric Hass, lost

1970 Socialist Labor Party candidate  for Governor WI, lost

1974 Socialist Labor Party candidate  for Governor WI, lost

Enoch A Holtwick IL Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S. See 1952

Edwin M Cooper CA Prohibition Party  

Lawyer, YMCA official

1956 Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Enoch A Holtwick, lost

Farrell Dobbs NY Socialist Workers Party candidate for President U.S. See 1952

Myra Tanner Weiss CA Socialist Workers Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1952

Harry F Byrd States Rights Party candidate for President U.S. See 1952

William E Jenner IN Republican

Attended night classes at George Washington University Law School

1930 Graduated with a law degree from Indiana University Maurer School of Law. Practiced in Paoli and later in Shoals.

1934-1942 Indiana State Senate

1937-1939 Minority Leader Indiana State Senate

1939-1941 Majority Leader and President Pro Tempore Indiana State Senate

1940 Candidate for Governor Indiana, lost

1940 Resigned his seat in Indiana State Senate to become a First Lieutenant in the U.S. Army Air Corps

1944 Discharged from U.S. Army Air Corps with rank of Captain

Nov 4 1944-Jan 3 1945 U.S. Senate Indiana

Jan 3 1947-Jan 3 1959 U.S. Senate Indiana

1948 Candidate for Governor Indiana, lost

1956 Candidate for Vice President U.S. with Harry F Byrd on unofficial States Rights ticket, lost. See Harry F Byrd 1952.

Darlington Hoopes PA Socialist Party candidate for President U.S. See 1952

Samuel H Friedman NY Socialist Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1952

Henry B Krajewski NJ American Third Party

Owned and operated a 4000 pig farm in Secauces NJ

1952 Poor Man's Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

1953 Jersey Veterans Bonus Party candidate for Governor NJ, lost

1954 Candidate for U.S. Senate NJ, lost

1956 American Third Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower  

1957 American Third Party candidate for Governor NJ, lost

1961 Veterans Bonus Now Party candidate for Governor NJ, lost

Anna Yezo NJ American Third Party

1956 American Third Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Henry B Krajewski, lost

Gerald L K Smith MI Christian Nationalist Party

1916 Became an ordained minister in the Disciples of Christ denomination, ministering in the Midwest

1918 Graduated from Valparaiso University in Indiana with a degree in biblical studies

1928 Moved to Louisiana which was a better climate for his wife's health

1929 Met U.S. Senator Huey P Long and became his national organizer during the great depression when Long launched the Share Our Wealth Society

1935 After Long was assassinated Smith directed the Society for a short time

1943 Formed the America First Committee

Moved  to Michigan, Ran for U.S. Senate MI, lost in the primary

1944 Founded the America First Party

1944 America First Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

1948 Christian Nationalist Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Harry Truman

1956 Christian Nationalist Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

Charles Robertson MI Christian Nationalist Party

Christian Nationalist Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Gerald L K Smith, lost

Walter Burgwyn Jones AL Democratic

1919-1920 AL State House of Representatives

1920-1935 Circuit Court Judge

1935-1963 A Presiding Judge

In the 1956 Presidential election, faithless elector W F Turner cast his vote fo Walter Burgwyn Jones, who was a Circuit Court Judge in Turner's home town, for President U.S. and Herman E Talmadge for Vice President U.S., instead of voting for Adlai Stevenson and Estes Kefauver

Herman E Talmadge GA Democratic

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Son of Eugene Talmadge, Governor of Georgia 1933-1937, 1941-1943
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1936 Earned degree from the University of Georgia School of Law

1941-1945 Lieutenant Commander United States Navy

Jan 14 1947-Mar 18 1947 Governor GA

Nov 17 1948-Jan 11 1955 Governor GA

Jan 3 1957-Jan 3 1981 U.S. Senate GA

May 17 1973-Jun 27 1974  Member Select Committee On Presidential Campaign Activities (U.S. Senate Watergate Committee)

1980 Defeated in bid for reelection to U.S. Senate GA  

In the 1956 Presidential election, faithless elector W F Turner cast his vote fo Walter Burgwyn Jones, who was a Circuit Court Judge in Turner's home town, for President U.S. and Herman E Talmadge for Vice President U.S., instead of voting for Adlai Stevenson and Estes Kefauver

[Zioneer]

Great work Winfield, but you did forget Joseph Smith Jr as a presidential candidate for 1844. He was kind of murdered in the middle of it, but he was still a presidential candidate. And Mayor of Nauvoo. And General of the Nauvoo Legion.

[Lincoln Republican]

1960

John F Kennedy MA Democratic

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Grandson of Patrick Joseph "P J" Kennedy, MA State House of Representatives 1884-1889, MA State Senate 1889-1895. After leaving the MA State Senate in 1895, spent his political career as an appointed elections commissioner, an appointed fire commissioner, as the backroom boss of Boston's Ward Two, and as a member of the Democratic party's unofficial board of strategy.          

Grandson of John F "Honey Fitz" Fitzgerald, Boston Common Council 1891-1892, MA State Senate 1892-1894, U.S. House of Representatives MA 1895-1901, 1919, Mayor of Boston, MA 1906-1908, 1910-1914.  Was an unsuccessful candidate for U.S. Senate MA in 1916.  His opponent was Henry Cabot Lodge Sr, grandfather of Henry Cabot Lodge Jr, the Republican candidate for Vice President U.S. in 1960.

Son of Joseph P Kennedy Sr, Chairman Securities and Exchange Commission 1934–1935, Chairman Maritime Commission 1936–1938, U.S. Ambassador to UK 1938-1940

Son of Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald Kennedy, Ennobled by Pope Pius XII, becoming the sixth American woman to be granted the rank of Papal Countess, styled Countess of the Holy Roman Church, ennobled 1951, held title until her death 1995  

Brother of Joseph P Kennedy Jr, Joseph P Kennedy Sr had aspirations for Joe Jr to become President U.S., however, Joseph P Kennedy Jr died in 1944, in World War II, when his bomber exploded during a volunteer mission, and the high expectations of the father then fell upon Joe Jr's younger brother John, who was later elected President U.S. in 1960
 
Brother of Robert F Kennedy, Lawyer Internal Securities Section of Criminal Division of U.S. Department of Justice 1951-1952, transferred to Eastern Division of NY in Brooklyn to prosecute fraud cases 1952, Assistant Counsel to U.S. Senate Permanent Sub Committee on Investigations 1952-1953, worked with Joseph P Kennedy Sr on Hoover Commission 1954, U.S. Senate Committee staff as Chief Counsel for Democratic minority 1954, U.S. Senate Committee staff as Chief Counsel for Democratic majority 1955, U.S. Attorney General 1961-1964, U.S. Senate NY 1965-1968, candidate for Democratic Party nomination for President U.S. 1968, assassinated 1968 before Democratic National Convention

Brother of Jean Kennedy Smith, U.S. Ambassador to Ireland 1993-1998, Founded Very Special Arts (VSA), now known as the Department of VSA and Accessibility at the John F Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts 1974  

Brother of Edward Kennedy, Managed John F Kennedy's Presidential campaign in the western states 1960, Assistant District Attorney for Suffolk County, MA 1961-1962, U.S. Senate MA 1962-2009, U.S. Senate Majority Whip 1969-1971, Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for President U.S. 1980, lost to President Jimmy Carter

Brother in law of  Sargent Shriver, Head of Chicago School Board and Catholic Interracial Council late 1950s, Founded Peace Corps 1961, Director Peace Corps 1961-1966, Director Office of Economic Opportunity 1964-1968, U.S. Ambassador to France 1968-1970, Democratic Party nominee for Vice President U.S. 1972, lost, Unsuccessfully sought Democratic Party nomination for President U.S., withdrew, 1976, Elected President Special Olympics Board of Directors 1984, Appointed Chairman of Board of Special Olympics 1990. Married to John F Kennedy's sister Eunice Kennedy Shriver.

Father of Caroline Kennedy, Worked as Director of the Office of Strategic Partnerships for the New York City Department of Education 2002-2004. In 2008, after President Obama selected U.S. Senator from New York, Hillary Clinton, to serve as U.S. Secretary of State, Caroline Kennedy expressed interest in being appointed to Clinton's vacant Senate seat, but she later withdrew from consideration, citing "personal reasons." U.S. Ambassador to Japan 2013-2017.

Father of John F Kennedy Jr, Worked for New York City Office of Business Development 1984-1986. Served as Deputy Director of the 42nd Street Development Corporation in 1986. From 1989 headed Reaching Up, a nonprofit group which provided educational and  other opportunities for workers who helped people with disabilities. Prosecutor in the Manhattan District Attorney's office 1989-1993.

Uncle of Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, Lieutenant Governor MD 1995–2003, Democratic Party candidate for Governor MD 2002, lost

Uncle of Joseph P Kennedy II, U.S. House of Representatives MA 1987–1999

Uncle of Bobby Shriver, Member Santa Monica CA City Council 2004-2012, serving as Mayor pro tempore in 2006 and Mayor during part of 2010
  
Uncle of Maria Shriver, whose husband, Arnold Schwarzenegger, was Republican Governor CA 2003-2011

Uncle of Patrick J Kennedy II, RI State House of Representatives 1989–1993, U.S. House of Representatives RI 1995-2011

Uncle of Christopher G Kennedy, Chair of University of Illinois Board of Trustees 2009-2015, unsuccessful candidate for Democratic nomination for U.S. Senate IL 2018

Great Uncle of Joseph P Kennedy III, U.S. House of Representatives MA, 2013-2021. Announced primary challenge against incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator for MA Ed Markey 2019. Kennedy loses Senate primary to Markey 2020. Joseph P Kennedy III thereby becomes the only Kennedy to date to lose an election in Massachusetts. Since leaving office, he has founded Project Groundwork, which focuses on boosting local community organizing efforts throughout the United States. He has also joined several advisory boards and began appearing as a political commentator for CNN.
=====

1935 Graduated from Choate Rosemary Hall, commonly referred to as Choate, a co-educational private college preparatory boarding school in Wallingford, CT

1935 Enrolled late and briefly attended Princeton University, had to leave due to illness

Sep 1935 Made his first trip abroad, with his parents to London, with the intent of studying at the London School of Economics (LSE).  Ill-health forced his return to the U.S. in Oct 1935.

Sep 1936 Enrolled at Harvard College

1938 Worked with his father and brother Joe at American embassy in London while his father was U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom

1939 Toured Europe, the Soviet Union, the Balkans, and the Middle East in preparation for his Harvard senior honors thesis

Went to Czechoslovakia and Germany before returning to London  Sep 1, 1939, the day Germany invaded Poland

Sep 3, 1939, The family was in the House of Commons for speeches endorsing the United Kingdom's declaration of war on Germany

Was sent as his father's representative to help with arrangements for American survivors of the SS Athenia, before flying back to the U.S. from Foynes, Ireland, to Port Washington, New York on his first transatlantic flight

1940 Graduated from Harvard College with a Bachelor of Science cum laude in international affairs

1940 Enrolled in and audited classes at the Stanford Graduate School of Business

1940 Attempted to enter the army's Officer Candidate School, but was medically disqualified due to his chronic lower back problems. Exercised for months to strengthen his back.

Sep 24 1941 With the help of the Director of the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI), who was the former naval attaché to Joseph Kennedy Sr, Kennedy joined the United States Naval Reserve. Was commissioned an Ensign Oct 26, 1941, and joined the staff of the Office of Naval Intelligence in Washington, D.C.

1941, Left Office of Naval Intelligence and helped his father write a memoir of his three years as an American Ambassador

Traveled throughout South America, his itinerary included Colombia, Ecuador, Peru

1941 World War II served in office of Secretary of the Navy

1941-1945 World War II Rose to rank of Lieutenant U.S. Navy.  Commanded a series of patrol torpedo (PT) boats.

1946 Democratic U.S. Representative James Michael Curley vacated his seat in the strongly Democratic 11th Congressional district in Massachusetts to run for Mayor of Boston, at Joe Kennedy Sr's urging, in order for John F Kennedy to have a vacant Congressional seat in which to run. Curley elected Mayor of Boston. John F Kennedy elected to U.S. House of Representatives.

Jan 3 1947-Jan 3 1953 U.S. House of Representatives MA

1952 Democratic Party candidate for U.S. Senate MA, elected, reelected 1958

In the 1952 Massachusetts US Senate election, Kennedy defeated incumbent Republican Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Jr for the U.S. Senate seat.  Lodge would go on to become the Republican candidate for Vice President U.S. on the ticket with Vice President Richard Nixon in the 1960  election, losing to the Democratic ticket of Senator John F Kennedy and Senator Lyndon B Johnson.    

Jan 3 1953-Dec 22 1960 U.S. Senate MA

1956 Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for Vice President U.S. Presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson let the convention select the Vice Presidential candidate. Kennedy finished second in the balloting, losing to Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee but receiving national exposure as a result.

Jan 2 1960 Kennedy initiated his campaign for President in the Democratic primary election, where he faced challenges from Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota and Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon

With Humphrey and Morse eliminated, Kennedy's main opponent at the Democratic National Convention was Senator Lyndon B Johnson of Texas, the Senate Majority Leader. Kennedy overcame this formal challenge as well as informal ones from former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson, the Democratic nominee in 1952 and 1956, Missouri Senator Stuart Symington, and several favorite sons, and on Jul 13 1960, the Democratic convention nominated Kennedy as its candidate. Kennedy asked Johnson to be the Vice Presidential candidate, despite opposition from many liberal delegates and Kennedy's own staff, including his brother Robert.

Kennedy needed Johnson's strength in the South to win what was considered likely to be the closest election since 1916

1960 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., elected

In September and October, 1960, Kennedy appeared with Republican Presidential nominee Vice President Richard Nixon, in the first televised U.S. Presidential debates in U.S. history. The debates are now considered a milestone in American political history, the point at which the medium of television began to play a dominant role in politics.

Dec 22 1960 Resigned from U.S. Senate MA after election as President U.S.

Jan 20 1961–Nov 22 1963 35th President U.S., assassinated

Shot by Lee Harvey Oswald, a former U.S. Marine and a Marxist, in Dealey Plaza, Dallas TX, Nov 22 1963

The first Roman Catholic to be elected President U.S.

The first President U.S. to be born in the twentieth century

First Lady of the United States Jacqueline Kennedy 1961-1963

Beginning in 1947, spent first two years of college at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York, and then spent junior year, 1949–1950 in France, at the University of Grenoble in Grenoble, and at the Sorbonne in Paris, in a study-abroad program through Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. Upon returning home to U.S., transferred to George Washington University in Washington, D.C., graduated 1951 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in French literature.

Later took continuing education classes in American History at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.

Married to Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis 1968 until his death in 1975.

Was known for her highly publicized restoration of the White House and emphasis on arts and culture, as well as for her style, elegance, and grace.

Lyndon B Johnson TX Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1964

[Lincoln Republican]

1960 Continued

Richard Nixon CA Republican Party candidate for President U.S. See 1968

Henry Cabot Lodge Jr MA Republican

=====
Great-great-great grandson of George Cabot, U.S. Senate MA 1791-1796

Great-great grandson of Elijah H Mills, U.S. House of Representatives MA 1815-1819, U.S. Senate MA 1820-1827

Great-great grandson of John Davis, U.S. House of Representatives MA 1825-1834, Governor MA 1834-1835, 1841-1843, U.S. Senate MA 1835-1841, 1845-1853
 
Grandson of Henry Cabot Lodge Sr. U.S. House of Representatives MA 1887-1893, U.S. Senate MA 1893-1924

Brother of John Davis Lodge U.S. House of Representatives CT 1947-1951, Governor CT 1951-1955, U.S. Ambassador to Spain 1955-1961, U.S. Ambassador to Argentina 1969-1973, U.S. Ambassador to Switzerland 1983-1985

Father of George Cabot Lodge II, 1954 became Director of Information at the U.S. Department of Labor, 1958 appointed Assistant Secretary of Labor for International Affairs by Dwight D Eisenhower, and reappointed by John F Kennedy 1961, was U.S. Delegate to the International Labor Organization and was elected chairman of the organization's Governing Body in 1960.

Unsuccessful 1962 U.S. Senate candidate from Massachusetts against Ted Kennedy, marking the third time in history that the Lodges faced the Kennedys in a Massachusetts election. Previously, Lodge's father was the incumbent 1952 U.S. Senate candidate from Massachusetts against John F Kennedy. Additionally, Lodge's patrilineal great-grandfather Henry Cabot Lodge was reelected for the same Senate seat as the incumbent 1916 U.S. Senate candidate against the Kennedy brothers' maternal grandfather, John F Fitzgerald.
=====

1924 Graduated cum laude from Harvard University

1932-1936 MA State House of Representatives

Jan 3 1937-Feb 3 1944 U.S. Senate MA

Elected to U.S. Senate MA in 1936, reelected in 1942, and served from Jan 3 1937 until his resignation on Feb 3 1944, in order to go on active duty during the Second World War in the United States Army, the first United States Senator since the Civil War to leave the Senate in order to go to war

1942, 1944-1945 World War II.  Rose to rank of Lieutenant Colonel U.S. Army.

Jan 3 1947-Jan 3 1953 U.S. Senate MA

Soon emerged as a spokesman for the moderate, internationalist wing of the Republican Party. In late 1951, Lodge helped persuade General Dwight D Eisenhower to run for the Republican Presidential nomination. When Eisenhower finally consented, Lodge served as his campaign manager and played a key role in helping Eisenhower to win the nomination over Senator Robert Taft of Ohio, the candidate of the party's conservative faction.

1952 Defeated in bid for reelection to U.S. Senate MA by Democratic candidate John F Kennedy. Lodge would go on to become the Republican candidate for Vice President on the ticket with Vice President Richard Nixon in the 1960  election, losing to the Democratic ticket of Senator John F Kennedy and Senator Lyndon B Johnson.    
  
Jan 26 1953-Sep 3 1960 U.S. Ambassador to United Nations, with office elevated to cabinet rank, under Dwight D Eisenhower

1960 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Richard Nixon, lost

1961-1962 Director-General of the Atlantic Institute for International Affairs

Aug 26 1963-Jun 28 1964 U.S. Ambassador to South Vietnam under John F Kennedy and Lyndon B Johnson

1964 While still Ambassador to South Vietnam, was the surprise write-in victor in the Republican New Hampshire primary, defeating declared Presidential candidates Barry Goldwater and Nelson Rockefeller. His entire campaign was organized by a small band of political amateurs working independently of the Ambassador, who, believing they had little hope of winning him any delegates, did nothing to aid their efforts. But when they scored the New Hampshire upset, Lodge, along with the press and Republican party leaders, suddenly began to seriously consider his candidacy. Many observers remarked on the situation's similarity to 1952, when Eisenhower had unexpectedly defeated Senator Robert A Taft, then leader of the Republican Party's conservative faction. Lodge won three primaries as a write-in candidate without making any public appearances. However, Lodge, who refused to become an open candidate, did not fare as well in later primaries, and Goldwater ultimately won the Presidential nomination.

Aug 25 1965-Apr 25 1967 U.S. Ambassador to South Vietnam under Lyndon B Johnson

1966 Elected an honorary member of the Massachusetts Society of the Cincinnati

1967-1968 Ambassador at Large under Lyndon B Johnson

May 27 1968-Jan 14 1969 U.S. Ambassador to West Germany under Lyndon B Johnson

1969 Appointed by Richard Nixon to serve as head of the American delegation at the Paris peace negotiations

Jun 5 1970-Jul 6 1977 Served occasionally as personal representative of the President U.S. to the Holy See

Unpledged Electors

Unpledged Electors placed third in the popular vote behind the Democratic and Republican tickets

In United States Presidential elections, an Unpledged Elector is a person nominated to stand as an elector but who has not pledged to support any particular Presidential or Vice Presidential candidate, and is free to vote for any candidate when elected a member of the Electoral College

Senator Harry F Byrd, Democratic VA, received 15 electoral votes for President U.S.
See 1952 for details on Byrd's career.

Senator Strom Thurmond, Democratic SC, received 14 electoral votes for Vice President U.S.
See 1948 for details on Thurmond's career.

Senator Barry Goldwater, Republican AZ, received 1 electoral vote for Vice President U.S.
See 1964 for details on Goldwater's career.

Harry F Byrd was not directly on the ballot. Instead, his electoral votes came from unpledged Democratic electors and a faithless elector.

Oklahoma faithless elector Henry D Irwin, though pledged to vote for Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge,  instead voted for non-candidate Harry F Byrd. However, unlike other electors who voted for Harry F Byrd for President and Strom Thurmond for Vice President, Irwin cast his Vice Presidential electoral vote for Arizona Republican Senator Barry Goldwater.

In Mississippi, the slate of unpledged Democratic electors won. They cast their 8 electoral votes for Harry F Byrd and Strom Thurmond.

[Lincoln Republican]

1960 Continued

Eric Hass NY Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S. See 1952

Georgia Cozzini WI Socialist Labor Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1956

Rutherford L Decker MO Prohibition Party

1946-1948 President of the National Association of Evangelicals

A missionary at the American Baptist Home Mission Society, preached in Fort Morgan, CO, Denver, CO, preached at the Temple Baptist Church in Kansas City, MO he until retired in the 1960s

1960 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to John F Kennedy

E Harold Munn MI Prohibition Party

1941 Prohibition Party candidate for seat on Michigan's Board of Regents, lost

1947 MI State Chair Prohibition Party

1952 Prohibition Party candidate  Governor MI, lost

1954 Prohibition Party candidate  Governor MI, lost

1955-1972 Prohibition Party National Party Chairman  

1960 Prohibition Party candidate  Vice President U.S. with Rutherford L Decker, lost

1964 Prohibition Party candidate  President U.S., lost to Lyndon B Johnson

1968 Prohibition Party candidate  President U.S., lost to Richard M Nixon

1972 Prohibition Party candidate  President U.S., lost to Richard M Nixon

Orval Faubus AR Democratic, States Rights Party, Democratic

1941-1945 United States Army, served as an intelligence officer with the Third Army of General George Patton. Rose to the rank of Major and was in combat several times

Active in veterans' causes for the remainder of his life

1936 Candidate for AR State House of Representatives, lost

Was urged to challenge the result but declined, which earned him the gratitude of the Democratic Party

Elected Circuit Clerk and Recorder of Madison County, a post he held for two terms

After World War II Cultivated ties with leaders of Arkansas' Democratic Party, particularly with progressive reform Governor Sid McMath, leader of the post-war "GI Revolt" against corruption
Director AR State Highay Commission

1954 Challenged incumbent Governor in Democratic primary for Governor, won

Jan 11 1955-Jan 10 1967 Governor AR

1960 States Rights Party candidate for President U.S., lost to John F Kennedy and Richard M Nixon

John G Crommelin AL Independent, Democratic, States Rights Party, Democratic

1923 Graduated from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland

World War II Saw combat in the Pacific

1949 Transferred to Navy headquarters in The Pentagon at the rank of Captain

1950 Retired from United States Navy with rank of Rear Admiral

1950 Independent candidate  U.S. Senate AL, lost

1956 Candidate in Democratic primary U..S. Senate AL, lost

1958 Candidate in Democratic primary  Governor AL, lost

1960 States Rights Party candidate  Vice President U.S. with Orval Faubus, lost

1960 Candidate in Democratic primary  U.S. Senate AL, lost

1962 Candidate in Democratic primary  U.S. Senate AL, lost

1966 Candidate in Democratic primary  U.S. Senate AL, lost

1968 Candidate in Democratic primaries President U.S., lost

Farrell Dobbs NY Socialist Workers Party candidate for President U.S. See 1948

Myra Tanner Weiss CA Socialist Workers Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1952

Charles Sullivan TX Constitutiion Party, Democratic

Attorney,  military pilot

General in United States Air Nationall Guard

1960 Constitution Party candidate for President U.S. with Merrit Cuis for Vice President, lost to John F Kennedy.  On ballot only in Texas.

1963 Candidate for Governor MS, lost

1968-1972 Lieutenant Governor MS

Merritt Curtis CA Constitution Party

Lawyer

Graduate of the University of California, and George Washington University

World War II Brigadier General

1960 Constitution Party candidate for President U.S. with B.N. Miller candidate for Vice President U.S., lost to John F Kennedy.  On ballot only in Washington.

1960 Constitution Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Charles Sullivan candidate for President U.S., lost.  On ballot only in Texas.

1960 Tax Cut Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Lars Daly candidate for President U.S., lost. On ballot only in Michigan.

J Bracken Lee UT Republican, Conservative Party, Republican

World War I Served in United States Army

For a time became involved in conservative anti-tax groups who advocated the formation of an independent third party because of the increasing liberalism of both the Democratic and Republican parties

1931 Lost his first political campaign for Mayor of Price, UT

1935 Elected Mayor of Price, UT, winning  reelection 5 times

1935-1947 Mayor Price UT

1940s Lost two runs for Governor UT

1948 Elected Governor UT

Jan 3 1949-Jan 7 1957 Governor UT

1956 Lost the Republican primary for Governor UT which caused him to run a strong but unsuccessful race as an independent

1958 Candidate for U.S. Senate UT, lost

1960 Conservative Party candidate for President U.S., lost to John F Kennedy

1960-1971 Mayor Salt Lake City UT

1962 Candidate for U.S. Senate UT, lost

1964 Candidate for Governor UT, lost, though he was defeated in the Republican state convention. Under the Utah political system at the time, if no candidate running for statewide office or House of Representatives got 80% of the delegate votes at the convention, a primary was held between the top two candidates. Lee came in third at the convention which eliminated his candidacy.

Kent Courtney LA Democratic, Conservative Party, Republican

1950 Received a degree in business administration from Tulane University in New Orleans

Taught economics, banking, and marketing for three years at Tulane, a Jewish-affiliated institution

World War II Served in United States Navy

A leading figure in the radical right of American politics from the 1950s to the 1970s

A member of the American Legion, served on its "Americanism" committee

1954 named Chairman of the New Orleans branch of Ten Million Americans Mobilizing For Justice, an interest group formed to defend U.S. Senator Joseph R. McCarthy against censure

1954 Lost a Democratic race for New Orleans City Council

Launched Free Men Speak newspaper, which was renamed the Independent American

Traveled a great deal during this period to address right-wing groups around the country while his wife edited the newspaper

1956 Organized a campaign to prevent pro-civil rights professor Walter Gellhorn of Columbia University in New York City from lecturing at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge

1959 Sponsored a two-day meeting in Chicago calling for the establishment of a new party on grounds that the Republicans were too similar in philosophy to the Democrats and would not offer conservative voters sufficient choice in general elections

1960 States Rights Party candidate for Governor LA, lost

1960 Organized a southern conservative conference

1960 Conservative Party candidate for Vice Pesident U.S. with J. Bracken Lee, lost

1960 States Rights Party Presidential Elector LA

July 1960 Organized a "Goldwater for President" rally in Chicago on the eve of the Republican National Convention, hoping to derail the certain nomination of Vice President Richard M. Nixon as the Presidential nominee

1961 Formed the "Conservative Society of America" in Chicago and served as the National Chairman of the new organization

1964 Supported Republican Barry Goldwater for President U.S.

Agreed with former Professor Medford Evans of Northwestern State University (then Northwestern State College) in Natchitoches, LA, who declared that it would be "impossible" to integrate white and black society

Was a strong supporter of staunchly conservative and segregationist Democratic Congressman John Rarick of St. Francisville in West Feliciana Parish

Priior to 1973 Rlocated to Alexandria to serve as an aide to Democrat-turned-Republican Mayor Charles Edward "Ed" Karst

1976 Independent candidate for U.S. House of Representatives LA, lost
 

[Lincoln Republican]

1964

Lyndon B Johnson TX Democratic

=====
Father-in-law of Chuck Robb, Lieutenant Governor VA 1978-1982, Governor VA 1982-1986, U.S. Senate VA 1989-2001

Co-Chairman of The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction (Iraq Intelligence Commission) 2004-2005. The other Co-Chairman was Judge Laurence Silberman.

Robb is married to Lynda Bird Johnson Robb, daughter of Lyndon B Johnson and Lady Bird Johnson

=====

1926 Enrolled in Southwest Texas State Teachers' College, now Texas State University. Worked his way through school, participated in debate and campus politics, and edited the school newspaper called The College Star, now known as The University Star. The college years refined his skills of persuasion and political organization.

1930 Graduated from Southwest Texas State Teachers' College

Taught in Pearsall High School in Pearsall, Texas, and afterwards took a position as teacher of public speaking at Sam Houston High School in Houston

1930 Campaigned for Democratic Texas State Senator Welly Hopkins in his run for U.S. House of Representatives TX

Hopkins recommended Johnson to Democratic Congressman Richard M Kleberg, who appointed Johnson as his Legislative Secretary

Johnson was elected speaker of the "Little Congress," a group of Congressional aides, where he cultivated Congressmen, newspapermen and lobbyists. Johnson's friends soon included aides to President Franklin D Roosevelt, as well as fellow Texans such as Vice President John Nance Garner. He became a surrogate son to Sam Rayburn.

1934 Attended Georgetown University Law Center for several months

1935-1937 Head of the Texas National Youth Administration, which enabled him to use the government to create education and job opportunities for young people

1937 Successfully contested a special election for U.S. House of Representatives TX

1937 Democratic candidate for U.S. House of Representatives TX, elected

Apr 10 1937-Jan 3 1949 U.S. House of Representatives TX

President Franklin D Roosevelt found Johnson to be a welcome ally and conduit for information, particularly with regard to issues concerning internal politics in Texas (Operation Texas) and the machinations of Vice President John Nance Garner and Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn

World War II United States Naval Reserve, achieved rank of Lieutenant Commander

1940-1941 Inactive duty
1941-1942 Active duty
1942-1964 Inactive duty

1941 Ran for Democratic Party U.S. Senate nomination in a special election against the sitting Governor of Texas, radio personality, W Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel, lost

O'Daniel narrowly defeated Johnson  in one of the more controversial elections in state history. His victory made him the only person to ever defeat Johnson for elected office.

1948 In a three-way Democratic Party primary, narrowly defeated a former TX Governor, Coke Stevenson, in a controversial and contested Democratic primary. Johnson won the primary by 87 votes, earning him the nickname "Landslide Lyndon."  

1948 Elected to U.S. Senate TX, handily defeating his Republican opponent

Jan 3 1949-Jan 3 1961 U.S. Senate TX

Jan 3 1951-Jan 3 1953 U.S. Senate Majority Whip

Jan 3 1953-Jan 3 1955 U.S. Senate Minority Leader

Jan 3 1955-Jan 3 1961 U.S. Senate Majority Leader

1956 A favorite son candidate of the Texas delegation for Democratic Presidential nomination at the Democratic National Convention, lost to Adlai Stevenson
 
1960 Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for President U.S., lost to John F Kennedy

Democratic Presidential nominee John F Kennedy asked Johnson to be the Vice Presidential candidate, despite opposition from many liberal delegates and Kennedy's own staff, including his brother Robert

Kennedy needed Johnson's strength in the South to win what was considered likely to be the closest election since 1916

1960 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with John F Kennedy, elected

1960 Also elected to a third term U.S. Senate TX

Johnson had Texas law changed to allow him to run for both offices
      
Jan 3 1961 Resigned from U.S. Senate

Jan 20 1961–Nov 22 1963 37th Vice President U.S. under John F Kennedy

Nov 22 1963 Sworn in as President U.S. on Air Force One at Dallas Love Field in Dallas, TX two hours and eight minutes after President John F Kennedy was assassinated. Johnson was sworn in by U.S. District Judge Sarah T Hughes, a family friend, making him the first, and so far only, President sworn in by a woman. He is also the only President to have been sworn in on Texas soil. Johnson did not swear on a Bible, as there was none on Air Force One. A Roman Catholic missal was found in Kennedy's desk and was used for the swearing-in ceremony. Johnson being sworn in as President has become the most famous photo ever taken aboard a Presidential aircraft.

Became President U.S. upon the assassination of President John F Kennedy Nov 22 1963

1964 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., elected, winning a Presidential term in his own right

Nov 22 1963-Jan 20 1969 36th President U.S.

Mar 12 1968 Minnesota Senator Eugene McCarthy ran in New Hampshire Democratic primary, winning 42% of the vote to Johnson's 49%

Mar 16 1968 New York Senator Robert F Kennedy entered the campaign for the Democratic Presidential nomination

Mar 31 1968 President Lyndon B Johnson announced he would not be seeking the nomination of the Democratic Party for another term as President
 
1968 Supported Democratic nominee, Vice President Hubert Humphrey, for President U.S.

Post Presidency

After leaving the Presidency in January 1969, Johnson went home to his ranch in Stonewall, Texas, accompanied by former aide and speech writer Harry J Middleton, who would draft Johnson's first book, The Choices We Face, and work with him on his memoirs entitled The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency 1963–1969, published in 1971

1969 The Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum opened near the campus of The University of Texas at Austin

1972 Endorsed Democratic nominee, Senator George McGovern, for President U.S.

Johnson donated his Texas ranch in his will to the public to form the Lyndon B Johnson National Historical Park

Second Lady of the United States Lady Bird Johnson 1961-1963

First Lady of the United States Lady Bird Johnson 1963-1969

1928 Entered University of Alabama for the summer session, where she took her first journalism course, but did not return for the fall term at University of Alabama.

Instead, enrolled at St. Mary's Episcopal College for Women, a strict Episcopal boarding junior college for women in Dallas, graduated 1930.

University of Texas, received a Bachelor's of Arts degree with honors 1933 and a second bachelor's degree in journalism Cum Laude 1934, also earned a teaching certificate.

As First Lady, she broke new ground by interacting directly with Congress, employing her own press secretary, and making a solo electioneering tour.

Johnson was an advocate for beautifying the nation's cities and highways ("Where flowers bloom, so does hope"). The Highway Beautification Act was informally known as "Lady Bird's Bill." She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest honors bestowed upon a US civilian.

[Lincoln Republican]

1964 Continued

Hubert Humphrey MN Democratic-Farmer-Labor, Democratic

=====
Father of Skip Humphrey, MN State Senate 1973-1983, Attorney General MN 1983-1999
=====

Had to leave University of Minnesota after just one year

Earned a pharmacist's license from the Capitol College of Pharmacy in Denver, Colorado, completing a two year licensure program in just six months

1937 Returned to the University of Minnesota and earned a bachelor of arts in 1939

1940 Earned a master's degree from Louisiana State University, serving as an assistant instructor of political science there

One of his classmates was Russell B Long, a future Democratic U.S. Senator from Louisiana

1940 Presidential campaign Humphrey and future University of Minnesota president Malcolm Moos debated the merits of Franklin D Roosevelt, the Democratic candidate, and Wendell Willkie, the Republican candidate, on a Minneapolis radio station. Humphrey supported Roosevelt.

1940-1941 Became an instructor and doctoral student at the University of Minnesota, joining the American Federation of Teachers

Soon became active in Minneapolis politics, and as a result never finished his PhD

World War II Twice tried to join the armed forces, but he was rejected because of a hernia. He instead led various wartime government agencies and worked as a college instructor.
 
1942 Supervisor of Works Progress Administration

1942 State Director of new production training and reemployment and chief of the Minnesota War Service Program

1943 Assistant Director of the War Manpower Commission

1943-1944 Professor of political science at Macalester College in Saint Paul, MN, where he headed the university's recently created international debate department, a department focusing on the international politics of WWII and the creation of the United Nations

1943 Candidate for Mayor of Minneapolis, MN, lost

1944 Worked on incumbent President Franklin D Roosevelt's reelection campaign

1944 One of the key players in the merger of the Democratic and Farmer-Labor parties of Minnesota to form the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL)

1944-1945 News commentator for a Minneapolis radio station

1945 When Minnesota Communists tried to seize control of the new party, Humphrey became an engaged anti-Communist and led the successful fight to oust the Communists from the DFL

Jul 2 1945-Nov 30 1948 Mayor of Minneapolis, MN

1948 Resigned as Mayor of Minneapolis after winning election to U.S. Senate MN

1948 Delivered a famous speech on civil rights at Democratic National Convention, resulting in the convention adopting the pro civil rights plank of the party platform

Jan 3 1949-Dec 30 1964 U.S. Senate MN

1949-1950 Chairman of liberal anticommunist Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), of which he was one of the founders

1952 Minnesota's favorite son candidate for Democratic nomination for President U.S., lost to Adlai Stevenson

1956 Candidate for Democratic nomination for Vice President U.S., lost to Estes Kefauver.   Presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson let the convention select the Vice Presidential candidate. Humphrey finished fifth in the balloting, behind Estes Kefauver, John F Kennedy, Albert Gore Sr, Robert F Wagner Jr.

1960 Candidate for Democratic nomination for President U.S., lost to John F Kennedy

Jan 3 1961-Dec 30 1964 U.S. Senate Majority Whip

1964 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Lyndon B Johnson, elected

Jan 20 1965-Jan 20 1969 38th Vice President U.S.

1968 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Richard Nixon

After leaving the Vice Presidency, taught at Macalester College and the University of Minnesota, and served as chairman of board of consultants at the Encyclopedia Britannica Educational Corporation

Jan 3 1971-Jan 13 1978 U.S. Senate MN, died in office

Initially, had not planned to return to political life, but an unexpected opportunity changed his mind. Senator Eugene McCarthy, who was up for re-election in 1970, realized that he had only a slim chance of winning even re-nomination. He had angered his party by opposing Johnson and Humphrey for the 1968 Presidential nomination, and declined to run. Humphrey won the nomination, and the election, and returned to the U.S. Senate on January 3, 1971. He was re-elected in 1976, and remained in office until his death. In a rarity in politics, Humphrey served as a U.S. Senator by holding both seats in his state, Class I and Class II, at different times.

1972 Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for President U.S., lost to George McGovern

Jan 3 1977-Jan 13 1978 First Deputy President Pro Tempore U.S. Senate

Second Lady of the United States Muriel Humphrey 1965-1969

Attended Huron College.

Was appointed as a member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party by Rudy Perpich, the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Governor of Minnesota, to the U.S. Senate vacancy caused by the death of her husband, Hubert Humphrey, and served Jan 25 1978- Nov 7 1978. She was the first spouse of a former Vice President to serve in Congress as well as the first woman to represent Minnesota in the U.S. Senate. She was not a candidate for the special election for the remainder of the term.  


Served as an informal adviser to her husband after he entered politics.

Served as a member of the President's Committee for People with Intellectual Disabilities 1966-1969, convened many meetings of women associated with the Democratic Party, and travelled extensively.

Barry Goldwater AZ Republican

=====
Through his mother, Goldwater is a descendant of Roger Williams, who was a Puritan minister, theologian, and author who founded Providence Plantations, which became the Colony of Rhode Island. He was a staunch advocate for religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair dealings with American Indians, and he was one of the first abolitionists.

Williams was expelled by the Puritan leaders from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for spreading "new and dangerous ideas", and he established the Providence Plantations in 1636 as a refuge offering what he called "liberty of conscience". In 1638, he founded the First Baptist Church in America, also known as the First Baptist Church of Providence. He studied the Indian languages and wrote the first book on the Narragansett language, and he organized the first attempt to prohibit slavery in any of the American colonies.

Father of Barry Goldwater Jr,  Republican member U.S. House of Representatives CA 1969-1983

Nov 16 2007 Publicly endorsed Ron Paul, a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas, for the Republican Presidential nomination for 2008

Jan 5 2008 Announced his decision to go to New Hampshire to campaign for Ron Paul, after Paul's 10% showing in the Iowa caucuses, held on Jan 3 2008. His efforts helped Paul garner 8% of the vote in New Hampshire. He also spoke in support of Ron Paul at the Kansas Republican caucus.

Sep 4 2008 A list of electors in Louisiana using the label "Louisiana Taxpayers Party" paid $500 and filed papers with the Louisiana Secretary of State's Office to get on the ballot. They were pledged to Ron Paul for President and to Barry Goldwater Jr for Vice President. Goldwater Jr placed third in the popular vote for Vice President in Louisiana.
=====
 
Came to know former President Herbert Hoover, whose conservative politics he admired greatly

1928 Graduated from Staunton Military Academy in Virginia

1928 Attended one year at University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ

1937-1953 President, Goldwater's Department Store, Phoenix, AZ

Goldwater’s was a fine department store with several locations throughout the Phoenix Valley area from the mid-1890s to the mid-1960s when it was sold to Associated Dry Goods

Served in World War II, Korean War

1941-1945 U.S. Army Air Forces, rank of Lieutenant Colonel

1945-1952 Arizona Air National Guard, rank of Colonel

1948-1950 Member of advisory committee, Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior

1949-1952 Member Phoenix, AZ City Council

1952-1967 United States Air Force Reserve, rank of Major General

1952 Elected to U.S. Senate AZ when he upset veteran Democrat and Senate Majority Leader Ernest McFarland, defeating McFarland again in 1958

Jan 3 1953-Jan 3 1965 U.S. Senate AZ

1955-1957 Chairman National Republican Senatorial Committee

1961-1963 Chairman National Republican Senatorial Committee

1964 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Lyndon B Johnson

Jan 3 1969-Jan 3 1987 U.S. Senate AZ

May 12 1986 Was presented with Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Ronald Reagan

1987 A recipient of Langley Gold Medal from Smithsonian Institution

1988 In recognition of his career, Princeton University's American Whig-Cliosophic Society awarded Goldwater the James Madison Award for Distinguished Public Service

William E Miller NY Republican

=====
Father of William E Miller Jr, who ran unsuccessfully as a Republican for U.S. House of Representatives NY 1992, 1994
=====

1935 Graduated from University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, IN

1938 Graduated from Albany Law School of Union University

1938 Admitted to New York bar  

Jan 1940 Appointed United States Commissioner Western District New York by Republican Governor Thomas E Dewey, serving until entering U.S. Army Jul 1 1942

Jul 1 1942 Entered U.S. Army

1942 Assigned to Military Intelligence Branch

May 1945 Commissioned a First Lieutenant and assigned to the War Criminals Branch at Washington, D.C., serving until Aug 1945

1945-1946 Assistant prosecutor of Nazi war criminals at Nuremberg, Germany

Mar 1946 Discharged from U.S. Army

Mar 1946 Appointed Assistant District Attorney Niagara County, NY by Republican Governor Thomas E Dewey

Jan 1948 Appointed District Attorney Niagara County, NY by Republican Governor Thomas E Dewey  

Nov 1948 Elected District Attorney Niagara County, NY

1950 Elected U.S. House of Representatives NY, reelected 1952, 1954, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1962

Jan 3 1951-Jan 3 1965 U.S. House of Representatives NY

1960 Chairman National Republican Congressional Committee

1961-1964 Chairman Republican National Committee

1964 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Barry Goldwater, lost

Goldwater stated that he chose Miller as the Republican candidate for Vice President simply because "he drives [President] Johnson nuts"

The first Catholic Vice Presidential nominee of the Republican Party

After the 1964 defeat and after leaving the U.S. House of Representatives in 1965, returned to his law practice in Lockport, NY

[Lincoln Republican]

1964 Continued

Unpledged Electors

Unpledged Electors placed third in the popular vote behind the Democratic and Republican tickets

In United States Presidential elections, an Unpledged Elector is a person nominated to stand as an elector but who has not pledged to support any particular Presidential or Vice Presidential candidate, and is free to vote for any candidate when elected a member of the Electoral College

However, Unpledged Electors failed to win any electoral votes

Eric Haas NY Socialist Labor candidate for President U.S. See 1952

Henning A Blomen MA Socialist Labor Party

1964 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Eric Haas, lost

1968 Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Richard Nixon

Unsuccessful candidate for Governor MA 14 times

According to his obituary in the Boston Globe, Henning advocated a bloodless revolution, abolishment of capitalism and the establishment of a socialist industrial republic

Clifton DeBerry IL Socialist Workers Party

Trade Unionist

1940s Became active in the Farm Equipment Workers Union and joined the Communist Party

1953 Grew critical of the official Communist movement, joined the Socialist Workers Party, a Trotskyist organization

1955 Helped organize a mass protest in Chicago to protest the lynching of Emmett Till in his native Mississippi

1950s Spoke out in defense of the Cuban Revolution, in support of African liberation struggles, and demanded withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam

1960s Marched for civil rights in Selma, Alabama and Memphis, Tennessee and was a supporter of Malcolm X

A delegate to the founding conventions of the Negro Labor Congress and the Negro American Labor Council

1963 Ran for Councilman in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, lost

1964 Socialist Workers Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Lyndon B Johnson

The party's first African American candidate as well as the first African American candidate for President of any existing party (he was preceded in 1960 by marginal candidate Clennon King)

1965 Socialist Workers Party candidate for Mayor New York City, NY, lost

1970 Socialist Workers Party candidate Governor NY, lost.

1980 Socialist Workers Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Ronald Reagan.  Was one of three candidates the party had that year, the others being Andrew Pulley and Richard Congress.

Matilde Zimmermann was the Vice Presidential candidate on all three tickets

Ed Shaw MI Socialist Workers Party

After high school, at the outbreak of World War II, entered the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago. Moved to New York City in 1942. There, while still in his late teens, he entered the military-run Maritime Service training school at Sheepshead Bay, where he got his papers as a fireman/watertender in the merchant marine

Identified with and later became an active participant in the struggle for Black rights

1944 Joined Socialist Workers Party

Served in the U.S. Army during the Korean War

Early 1960s A leader and Midwest director of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee

1964 Socialist Workers Party candidate for Vice Pesident U.S. with Clifton DeBerry, lost

1965-1968 Socialist Workers Party Organization Secretary

1970s Shouldered numerous responsibilities as a leader of the world trotskyist movement

Traveled throughout Latin America, collaborating with cothinkers of the SWP and other revolutionaries

Represented the SWP leadership as a fraternal delegate in the United Secretariat of the Fourth International between 1972 and 1977 and spent considerable time in Spain

1977 Moved to Miami and became part of the SWP branch there

After retiring from day-to-day political activity in 1982, continued to follow the party's press and its work nationally and internationally, and to carry out projects proposed by the party leadership

E Harold Munn MI Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S. See 1960

Mark R Shaw MA Prohibition Party

Methodist Minister

1946, 1952, 1958, 1960, 1962, 1966, 1970 Prohibition Party candidate for U.S. Senate MA, lost

1948, 1956 Prohibition Party candidate for Governor MA, lost

1964 Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with E Harold Munn, lost

John Kasper NY States Rights Party

A far-right activist and Ku Klux Klan member who took a militant stand against racial integration during the civil rights movement

Educated at Columbia University, became a devotee of Ezra Pound

1954 Formed the Seaboard White Citizens Council immediately after Brown v. Board of Education in order to prevent desegregation in Washington DC

1956 Came to prominence during the integration of Clinton High School in Clinton, Tennessee

Sought to mobilize the opponents of the desegregation order, and was arrested during the resulting unrest

1957 Called for a return to Constitutionalism, and the creation of a third party to oppose the integration that was now supported by both Democrats and Republicans, later becoming associated with the National States Rights Party

1964 States Rights Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Lyndon B Johnson

J.B. Stoner GA States Rights Party, Democratic  

Lawyer

Became active in white supremacist groups

Rechartered a chapter of the Ku Klux Klan in Chattanooga, TN

Ran the National States Rights Party

Earned a law degree, and served as the attorney for James Earl Ray. The FBI also investigated Stoner in the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. and for several bombings of black churches, such as the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing.

1964 States Rights Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with John Kasper, lost

1970 Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for Governor GA, lost nomination to  civil rights supporter and future President Jimmy Carter

1972 Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for U..S. Senate GA, lost

1974 Candidate for Democratic nomination for Lieutenant Governor GA, lost

1980 Candidate for Democratic nomination for U.S. Senate GA, lost  

1990 Candidate for Democratic nomination for Lieutenant Governor GA, lost

Joseph B Lightburn WV Republican, Constitution Party

1952 Alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from West Virginia

1954 Republican candidate for U.S. House of Representatives from West Virginia

1964 Constitution Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Lyndon B Johnson

1968 candidate for West Virginia State Senate

Theodore Billings CO Constitution Party

1964 Constitution Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Joseph B Lightburn, lost

[Lincoln Republican]

1968

Richard Nixon 1952, 1956, 1960 Home State CA, 1968, 1972 Home State NY Republican

=====
Father-in-law of Edward Cox, chairman of the New York Republican State Committee, assumed office 2008. Edward Cox is the husband of Nixon's daughter Tricia Nixon Cox.

Father-in-law of David Eisenhower, who is the grandson of Dwight Eisenhower, and husband of Nixon's daughter Julie Nixon Eisenhower.  They have three children, Jennie Elizabeth Eisenhower, Alexander "Alex" Richard Eisenhower, and Melanie Catherine Eisenhower. They also have three grandchildren, Kaia Marie Eisenhower, Chloe Cheslock, and Kaeden Brian Eisenhower. These children and grandchildren are the only individuals to have had both a paternal ancestor and a maternal ancestor who held the office of President of the United States.
=====  

1928 At Whittier High School, suffered his first electoral defeat, for student body president

Was offered a tuition grant to attend Harvard University, unable to accept due to family circumstances

1934 Graduated from Whittier College

Received a full scholarship to attend Duke University School of Law

Elected president of Duke Bar Association

1937 Graduated Duke University School of Law

1942 Worked at the Office of Price Administration, Washington DC

1942-1945 World War II, 1946 Post World War II, United States Navy, reached rank of Lieutenant Commander

Nov 1945 Selected by a Republican "Committee of 100" to run against five term Democratic Congressman Jerry Voorhis for U.S. House of Representatives CA, Nixon wins

Jan 3 1947-Dec 1 1950 U.S. House of Representatives CA

1950 Wins Republican Senate primary to run against Democratic Congresswoman Helen Gahagan Douglas for U.S. Senate CA, Nixon wins

Dec 4 1950-Jan 1 1953 U.S. Senate CA

General Dwight D Eisenhower was nominated for President by the Republicans in 1952. He had no strong preference for a Vice Presidential candidate, and Republican officeholders and party officials met in a "smoke-filled room" and recommended Nixon to the General, who agreed to the Senator's selection. Nixon's youth, he was then 39, stance against communism, and political base in California, one of the largest states, were all seen as vote winners by the leaders. Among the candidates considered along with Nixon were Ohio Senator Robert A Taft, New Jersey Governor Alfred Driscoll and Illinois Senator Everett Dirksen. On the campaign trail, Eisenhower spoke to his plans for the country, leaving the negative campaigning to his running mate.

1952 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Dwight D Eisenhower, elected

In mid-September 1952, the Republican ticket faced a major crisis. The media reported that Nixon had a political fund, maintained by his backers, which reimbursed him for political expenses. Such a fund was not illegal, but it exposed Nixon to allegations of possible conflict of interest. With pressure building for Eisenhower to demand Nixon's resignation from the ticket, the Senator went on television to deliver an address to the nation on September 23, 1952. The address, later termed the "Checkers" speech, was heard by about 60 million Americans, including the largest television audience up to that point. Nixon emotionally defended himself, stating that the fund was not secret, nor had donors received special favors. He painted himself as a man of modest means (his wife had no mink coat, instead, she wore a "respectable Republican cloth coat") and a patriot. The speech would be remembered for the gift which Nixon had received, but which he would not give back, "a little cocker spaniel dog, sent all the way from Texas. And our little girl, Tricia, the 6 year old, named it Checkers." The speech was a masterpiece and prompted a huge public outpouring of support for Nixon. Eisenhower decided to retain him on the ticket, which proved victorious in the November election.

Despite intense campaigning by Nixon, who reprised his strong attacks on the Democrats, the Republicans lost control of both houses of Congress in the 1954 elections. These losses caused Nixon to contemplate leaving politics once he had served out his term. On September 24, 1955, President Eisenhower suffered a heart attack; his condition was initially believed to be life-threatening. Eisenhower was unable to perform his duties for six weeks. The 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution had not yet been proposed, and the Vice President had no formal power to act. Nonetheless, Nixon acted in Eisenhower's stead during this period, presiding over Cabinet meetings and ensuring that aides and Cabinet officers did not seek power. According to Nixon biographer Stephen Ambrose, Nixon had "earned the high praise he received for his conduct during the crisis ... he made no attempt to seize power".

His spirits buoyed, Nixon sought a second term, but some of Eisenhower's aides aimed to displace him. In a December 1955 meeting, Eisenhower proposed that Nixon not run for reelection in order to give him administrative experience before a 1960 Presidential run and instead become a cabinet officer in a second Eisenhower administration. Nixon, however, believed such an action would destroy his political career. When Eisenhower announced his reelection bid in February 1956, he hedged on the choice of his running mate, stating that it was improper to address that question until he had been renominated. Although no Republican was opposing Eisenhower, Nixon received a substantial number of write-in votes against the President in the 1956 New Hampshire primary election. In late April, the President announced that Nixon would again be his running mate. Eisenhower and Nixon were reelected by a wide margin in the November 1956 election.

1956 Republican Party candidate for reelection Vice President U.S. with Dwight D Eisenhower, reelected

Jan 20 1953-Jan 20 1961 36th Vice President U.S.

The first Vice President U.S. to be born in the twentieth century

1960 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., lost to John F Kennedy in one of the closest Presidential elections in U.S. history

In September and October, 1960, Nixon appeared with Democratic Presidential nominee Senator John F Kennedy, in the first televised U.S. Presidential debates in U.S. history. The debates are now considered a milestone in American political history, the point at which the medium of television began to play a dominant role in politics.

Jan 1961 At the end of his term of office as Vice President Nixon and his family returned to California, where he practiced law and wrote a bestselling book, Six Crises

1962 Republican Party candidate for Governor CA, lost to incumbent Democratic Governor Edmund G "Pat" Brown

Nixon was not interested in the Governorship of his native California so much as for being a path to the White House

Nixon had pledged, when announcing his campaign for Governor CA, not to run for President in 1964

The so called "last press conference" of Richard Nixon took place on November 7, 1962, following his loss to Democratic incumbent Pat Brown in the 1962 California gubernatorial election. Appearing before 100 reporters at the Beverly Hilton Hotel, an embittered Nixon lashed out at the media, proclaiming that "you don't have Nixon to kick around any more, because, gentlemen, this is my last press conference."

1963 Nixon family traveled to Europe where Nixon gave press conferences and met with leaders of the countries he visited

1963 Nixon family moved to New York City, where Nixon became a senior partner in the leading law firm Nixon, Mudge, Rose, Guthrie & Alexander

1964 Supported Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater for the Republican nomination for President

1964 Selected to introduce Republican Presidential nominee Barry Goldwater to the Republican National Convention

1964 Presidential election, although he thought Goldwater unlikely to win, Nixon campaigned for him loyally

1966 Campaigned for many Republicans seeking to regain seats lost in the Johnson landslide in 1964 and received credit for helping the Republicans make major gains in the midterm election

At the end of 1967 Nixon told his family he planned to run for President a second time

1968 Wins Republican Party nomination for President U.S.

1968 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., elected

During the 1968 Presidential election, Robert Finch, a close friend of Nixon's and the Lieutenant Governor of California, was Nixon's first choice as his Vice Presidential running mate, but Finch declined and Nixon then chose Governor of Maryland Spiro Agnew. A Nixon/Finch ticket was possible because, although Nixon was born in California, and had represented California in Congress, during the 1968 election he was a resident of New York, so California's electors could have cast their votes for both men. If they had both been California residents at the same time, California's electors could only have voted for one of them.

Finch was Lieutenant Governor of California 1967-1969, was appointed by Nixon as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, serving 1969-1970, and was Counselor to the President 1970-1972

1972 Republican Party candidate for reelection President U.S., reelected

Jan 20 1969-Aug 9 1974 37th President U.S., resigned from office

Was the first President in 120 years to have both the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives controlled by the opposing party

Was the first candidate to carry 49 states, in 1972, a feat later matched by Ronald Reagan in 1984

Oct 10 1973 Vice President Spiro Agnew resigns from office and pleads no contest to criminal charges of tax evasion while he was Governor of Maryland

Oct 12 1973 President Nixon nominates House Minority Leader Gerald Ford as Vice President U.S., the first time the Vice Presidential vacancy provision of the 25th Amendment had been implemented

Dec 6 1973 Gerald Ford sworn in as Vice President U.S.

Jul 27 1974 The House Judiciary Committee votes in favor of recommending that the President of the United States, Richard Nixon, be impeached and removed from office as a result of his involvement in the so called "Watergate" affair

Aug 9 1974 Nixon resigns the Presidency and avoids the likely prospect of losing the impeachment vote in the full House and a subsequent trial in the Senate. He thus became the only U.S. President ever to resign from office.

Aug 9 1974 Vice President Gerald Ford sworn in as President U.S.  

Sep 8 1974 President Gerald Ford issues Proclamation 4311, which gave former President Richard Nixon a full and unconditional pardon for any crimes he may have committed against the United States while President

1972 marked the fifth time Nixon had been nominated as a major party candidate, on the Republican ticket, as either Vice Presidential candidate, 1952 and 1956, or Presidential candidate, 1960, 1968, and 1972. Hence, Nixon's five appearances on his party's ticket matched the major party American standard of Democrat Franklin D Roosevelt, who had been nominated for Vice President once, in 1920, and for President four times, in 1932, 1936, 1940 and 1944.

[Lincoln Republican]

1968 Continued

Richard Nixon Continued

Post Presidency

1976 Visited China at the personal invitation of Mao Zedong

1976 Remained neutral in Republican nomination contest between President Gerald Ford and Governor Ronald Reagan

1978 Visited United Kingdom

1980 When the former Shah of Iran died in Egypt in July 1980, Nixon defied the State Department, which intended to send no U.S. representative, by attending the funeral
  
1980 Supported Ronald Reagan for President

1980s Maintained an ambitious schedule of speaking engagements and writing, traveled, and met with many foreign leaders, especially those of Third World countries

1986 Journeyed to the Soviet Union and on his return sent President Reagan a lengthy memorandum containing foreign policy suggestions and his personal impressions of Mikhail Gorbachev. Following this trip, Nixon was ranked in a Gallup poll as one of the ten most admired men in the world.

July 19 1990 The original Nixon library and Nixon birthplace was officially dedicated.  Former President Richard Nixon and former First Lady Pat Nixon were present, as were President George H W Bush, former President Gerald Ford, former President Ronald Reagan, First Lady Barbara Bush, and former First Ladies Betty Ford, and Nancy Reagan. A crowd of 50,000 gathered for the ceremony.

Second Lady of the United States Pat Nixon 1953-1961

First Lady of the United States Pat Nixon 1969-1974

1929 Attended Fullerton Junior College.

1931 Enrolled at University of Southern California (USC), majored in merchandising.

1937 graduated cum laude from USC with a Bachelor of Science degree in merchandising, together with a certificate to teach at the high school level, which USC deemed equivalent to a Master's degree.

As First Lady, Pat Nixon promoted a number of charitable causes, including volunteerism. She oversaw the collection of more than 600 pieces of historic art and furnishings for the White House, an acquisition larger than that of any other administration. She was the most traveled First Lady in U.S. history, a record unsurpassed until twenty-five years later. She accompanied the President as the first First Lady to visit China and the Soviet Union, and was the first President's wife to be officially designated a representative of the United States on her solo trips to Africa and South America, which gained her recognition as "Madame Ambassador". She was also the first First Lady to enter a combat zone.  

One of her major initiatives as First Lady was the promotion of volunteerism, in which she encouraged Americans to address social problems at the local level through volunteering at hospitals, civic organizations, and rehabilitation centers.  

Pat Nixon became involved in the development of recreation areas and parkland, was a member of the President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped, and lent her support to organizations dedicated to improving the lives of handicapped children. For her first Thanksgiving in the White House, Pat organized a meal for 225 senior citizens who did not have families. The following year, she invited wounded servicemen to a second annual Thanksgiving meal in the White House. Though presidents since George Washington had been issuing Thanksgiving proclamations, Pat became the only First Lady to issue one.

Spiro Agnew MD Democratic, Republican

1937-1940 Johns Hopkins University, studied chemistry. Graduated with a B.A.

1940 Transferred to the University of Baltimore School of Law, and started attending night classes

While in law school, earned a living with a day job at an insurance company

1941 Drafted into U.S. Army.  Commissioned an officer 1942, upon graduation from Army Officer Candidate School. Served in Europe. Awarded the Bronze Star Medal for his service in France and Germany. Years of service 1941-1945.

1946 Was able to go back to the University of Baltimore School of Law through the GI Bill of Rights, transferred to the evening program

1947 Received LL.B, later amended to Juris Doctor

1949 Passed Maryland bar exam

1950 Recalled for service to U.S. Army during Korean War

First President of the Loch Raven, MD Community Council

President of the Dumbarton Junior High School PTA

A Democrat from early youth, he switched parties and became a Republican

1950s Aided U.S. Congressman MD Republican James Devereux in four successive winning election bids

1957-1961 Member Zoning Board of Appeals, Baltimore County, appointed by Democratic Baltimore County Executive Michael J Birmingham

1958-1961 Chair Zoning Board of Appeals, Baltimore County

1960 Candidate for Judge Baltimore City Circuit Court, lost

1961 The new Democratic Baltimore County Executive, Christian H Kahl, dropped Agnew from the Zoning Board of Appeals, with Agnew loudly protesting, thereby gaining name recognition

Dec 1962-Dec 1966 Baltimore County Executive, Baltimore County

(The Baltimore County Executive is the highest elected official representing the government of Baltimore County, Maryland)

Jan 25 1967–Jan 7 1969 Governor MD

1967-1969:

Member Board of Public Works
Member Executive Committee Board of Public Works
Vice Chair Committee on State-Urban Relations
Member National Governors' Conference
Member Advisory Committee Inter-governmental Affairs
Member Appalachian Regional Commission
Member Southern Regional Education Board
Member Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin
Member Educational Commission of the States
Member Hall of Records Commission  
Member Board of Trustees Maryland Environmental Trust
Member Maryland Historical Trust  

Nixon decided not to re-select his 1960 running mate Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr, and U.S. House of Representatives House Minority Leader Gerald R Ford, of Michigan, proposed New York City Mayor John V Lindsay for Vice President. Nixon turned instead to another perceived moderate, Maryland Governor Spiro T Agnew. Agnew, former Baltimore County Executive in the Baltimore City suburbs, 1962-1966, and since Governor of Maryland, had come to Republican leaders and Nixon's attention when he summoned several Black civic, religious and political leaders in Baltimore City to the local State Office Building complex, following the disastrous April 1968 urban riots which enveloped Black sections of East and West Baltimore, along with the rest of the nation, after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr in Memphis, Tennessee.

1968 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Richard Nixon, elected

Soon after the inauguration, Nixon appointed Agnew as head of the Office of Intergovernmental Relations, to head government commissions such as the National Space Council and assigned him to work with state Governors to bring down crime. It became clear that Agnew would not be in the inner circle of advisors.

Oval Office tapes reveal that in 1971, Nixon and his chief of staff, H R Haldeman, discussed their desire to have Agnew resign from office before the following year's campaign season. One plan to achieve this was to try to persuade conservative investors to purchase one of the television networks, and then invite Agnew to run it. Another was to see if actor/comedian Bob Hope would be willing to take Agnew on as his partner in his cable television investments. These and other plans never went beyond the talking stages.

Nixon would have liked to replace Agnew on the Republican ticket in 1972 with John Connally, U.S. Secretary of the Navy 1961, Governor of Texas 1963-1969, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury 1971-1972, and his chosen successor for 1976, but he realized that Agnew's large conservative base of supporters would be in an uproar, so he reluctantly kept him as his running mate. Connally was a member of the Democratic Party until 1973, and then a member of the Republican Party 1973-1993. Connally, then Governor of Texas, was riding in the Presidential limousine in Dallas, Texas, Nov 22 1963, during John F Kennedy's assassination, and was seriously wounded.  

1972 Republican Party candidate for reelection Vice President U.S. with Richard Nixon, reelected

Jan 20 1969-Oct 10 1973 39th Vice President U.S., resigned from office

Oct 10, 1973 Spiro Agnew became the second Vice President to resign the office. John C Calhoun resigned from the Vice Presidency Dec 28 1832 in order to take a seat in the U.S. Senate for SC.

Oct 10 1973  Agnew pleads nolo contendere (no contest) in U.S. District Court to charges of income tax evasion in exchange for the dropping of charges of political corruption, part of a negotiated resolution to a scheme wherein he was accused of accepting more than $100,000 in bribes during his tenure as Governor of Maryland. Fined $10,000, and put on three years probation. Agnew resigns from office.

Agnew's resignation triggered the first use of the 25th Amendment, specifically Section 2, as the vacancy prompted the appointment and confirmation of Gerald Ford, the House Minority Leader, as his successor. This remains one of only two instances in which the amendment has been employed to fill a Vice Presidential vacancy. The second time was when Ford, after becoming President upon Nixon's resignation, chose Nelson Rockefeller, originally Agnew's mentor in the moderate wing of the Republican Party, to succeed him as Vice President. Had Agnew remained as Vice President when Nixon resigned just 10 months later, Agnew himself would have become the 38th President, instead of Ford.

After leaving politics, Agnew became an international trade executive

May 2 1974 Maryland Court of Appeals disbars Agnew

1976 Briefly reentered the public spotlight and engendered controversy with what Gerald Ford publicly criticized as "unsavory remarks about Jews" and anti-Zionist statements that called for the United States to withdraw its support for the state of Israel, citing Israel's allegedly bad treatment of Christians

1980 Published a memoir in which he implied that Nixon and his Chief of Staff, Alexander Haig, had planned to assassinate him if he refused to resign the Vice Presidency, and that Haig told him to "go quietly...or else", the memoir's title. Agnew also wrote a novel, The Canfield Decision, about a Vice President who was "destroyed by his own ambition."

Apr 27 1981 As a result of a civil suit in Anne Arundel County Circuit Court, Agnew was ordered to pay the State of Maryland the amount of bribes that the Court declared he had accepted, plus interest. Accordingly, in 1983, he paid the state of Maryland $268,482.

Agnew always maintained that the tax evasion and bribery charges were an attempt by Nixon to divert attention from the growing Watergate scandal

After their resignations, Agnew and Nixon never spoke to each other again. As a gesture of reconciliation, Nixon's daughters invited Agnew to attend Nixon's funeral in 1994, and Agnew accepted. In 1996, when Agnew died, Nixon's daughters returned the favor by attending Agnew's funeral.

Second Lady of the United States Judy Agnew 1969-1973

In Annapolis, MD served as the president of her local PTA, and volunteered as both an assistant Girl Scout troupe leader and a board member of the Kiwanis Club women’s auxiliary.

Although she attempted to avoid political discussion during her tenure as Second Lady, preferring to cultivate her image primarily as a wife and mother, her dismissive remarks about the women's liberation movement were quoted by media.

[Lincoln Republican]

1968 Continued

Hubert Humphrey MN Democratic Party candidate for President U.S. See 1964

Edmund Muskie ME Democratic

Attended Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, where he majored in history and government

While at Bates, was a successful member of the debating team and was elected to student government

1936 Graduated from Bates College as class president and as a member of Phi Beta Kappa

1936 Enrolled at Cornell Law School in Ithaca, New York

While at Cornell was elected to Phi Alpha Delta

1939 Graduated cum laude from Cornell Law School

1939 Admitted to Massachusetts Bar

1940 Admitted to Maine bar

1942-1945 World War II United States Navy Reserve, reaching rank of Lieutenant

After World War II Was instrumental in building up the Democratic Party in Maine

1947 Candidate for Mayor of Waterville, ME, lost

Dec 5 1946-Nov 2 1951 ME State House of Representatives

Jan 5 1955-Jan 2 1959 Governor ME

Jan 3 1959-May 7 1980 U.S. Senate ME

Jan 3 1967-Jan 3 1969 Chair of Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee

1968 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Hubert Humhrey, lost

1970 Chosen to articulate the Democratic Party's message to congressional voters before the midterm elections

1972 Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for President U.S., lost to George McGovern

1973 Chosen to give the Democratic response to President Nixon's State of the Union address

May 8 1980–Jan 20, 1981 U.S. Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter

1981 Received the Presidential Medal of Freedom

1987 As an elder statesman, was appointed a member of the President's Special Review Board known as the "Tower Commission" to investigate President Ronald Reagan's administration's role in the Iran-Contra affair

Held the highest office, U.S. Secretary of State, held by a Polish American in U.S. history, and also is the only Polish American ever nominated by a major party for Vice President U.S.

George Wallace AL Democratic, American Independent Party, Democratic

=====
Father of George Wallace Jr

As a Democrat, AL State Treasurer 1987-1995, candidate for U.S. House of Representatives AL 1992, defeated, candidate for Democratic nomination for Lieutenant Governor AL 1994, defeated

As a Republican, AL Public Service Commission 1999-2007, candidate for Republican nomination for Lieutenant Governor AL 2006, defeated, candidate for Republican nomination for AL State Treasurer 2010, defeated

Term limits in the Alabama Constitution prevented Geprge Wallace from seeking a second term for Governor AL in 1966.  Therefore, Wallace offered his wife, Lurleen Wallace, as a surrogate candidate for Governor AL, who was elected Governor AL, serving 1967-1968.

Cornelia Wallace, second wife of Governor George Wallace, candidate for Democratic nomination  for Governor AL, 1978, defeated, was divorced from Governor George Wallace at the time of her candidacy  
=====    

1935 Won a contest to serve as a page in the AL State Senate and confidently predicted that he would one day be Governor of Alabama

1937 Enrolled University of Alabama School of Law in Tuscaloosa

1942 Graduated with LL.B. degree

1942-1945  World War II United States Army Air Corps, rank of Staff Sergeant

Served with the XX Bomber Command under General Curtis LeMay, who would become his running mate for Vice President U.S. in the 1968 Presidential election

1938 Contributed to his grandfather's successful campaign for Probate Judge

1945 Appointed as one of the Assistant Attorneys General of AL

1946 Won his first election as a member to the AL State House of Representatives

1947-1951 AL State House of Representatives

1948 Delegate to Democratic National Convention, did not join the Dixiecrat walkout at the convention, despite his opposition to U.S. President Harry S Truman's proposed civil rights program, which Wallace considered an infringement on states' rights. In his 1963 inaugural speech as Governor, Wallace excused his failure to walk out of the 1948 convention on political grounds.

1952-1958 Circuit Judge of the Third Judicial Circuit in AL

1958 Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for Governor AL, lost

1962 Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for Governor AL, won

Jan 14 1963-Jan 16 1967 Governor AL

1964 Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for President U.S., lost to Lyndon B Johnson

Term limits in the Alabama Constitution prevented Wallace from seeking a second term for Governor AL in 1966.  Therefore, Wallace offered his wife, Lurleen Wallace, as a surrogate candidate for Governor AL, who was elected Governor AL.

Jan 16 1967-May 7 1968 First Gentleman of AL when his wife Lurleen Wallace served as Governor AL. Lurleen Wallace died in office.

May 7 1968 Upon the death of Governor Lurleen Wallace, Lieutenant Governor Albert Brewer became Governor AL, serving May 7 1968-Jan 18 1971

1968 American Independent Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Richard Nixon, Hubert Humphrey

Wallace remains the last third party, non-Democratic, non-Republican candidate to win any electoral votes by vote of the people. (John Hospers in 1972, Ronald Reagan in 1976, Lloyd Bentsen in 1988, and John Edwards in 2004 all received one electoral vote from faithless electors.) Wallace also received the vote of one North Carolina elector who had been pledged to Richard Nixon.

Jan 18 1971-Jan 15 1979 Governor AL

1972 Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for President U.S., lost to George McGovern

May 15 1972 Assassination attempt effectively ended Wallace's campaign

Wallace was shot five times by Arthur Bremer, a college drop out, while campaigning at the Laurel Shopping Center in Laurel, Maryland, at a time when he was receiving high ratings in national opinion polls

Since Wallace was out of Alabama for more than twenty days while recovering in hospital in Silver Spring, Maryland, the state constitution required Lieutenant Governor Jere Beasley to serve as Acting Governor from June 5 1972 until Wallace's return to Alabama July 7 1972
 
Jul 11 1972 Spoke at the Democratic National Convention in Miami Beach, Florida

1976 Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for President U.S., lost to Jimmy Carter

Late 1970s Announced that he was a born-again Christian and apologized to black civil rights leaders for his past actions as a segregationist

Jan 17 1983-Jan 19 1987 Governor AL

Wallace achieved four gubernatorial terms across three decades, totaling 16 years in office. It is a national record tied by others but thus far surpassed only by Terry Branstad of Iowa, who served four terms from 1983-1999 and was elected to a fifth term in 2010, and former Vice President George Clinton of New York, who served twenty one non-consecutive years as Governor between 1777 and 1804.

Curtis LeMay CA Republican, American Independent Party, Republican

Graduated with a bachelor of civil engineering degree from Ohio State University and was a distinguished alumnus of the College of Engineering, Ohio State University

Military service

United States Air Force
United States Army Air Forces
United States Army Air Corps
United States Army
Ohio National Guard

Years of service
1928–1965

Rank
Four Star General

Commands held
Twentieth Air Force
Strategic Air Command
USAF Chief of Staff

Battles/Wars
World War II
European Theater of Operations
Pacific Theater

First post-war assignment was to Headquarters Air Materiel Command. He was then transferred to the Pentagon at Washington, D.C., to be the first deputy chief of air staff for research and development.

1947 Returned to Europe as commander of USAF Europe

1948 Headed operations for the Berlin Airlift

1948 Returned to the US to head the Strategic Air Command (SAC)

1951 Upon receiving his fourth star in 1951 at age 44, became the youngest four-star General in American history since Ulysses S. Grant and was the youngest four-star General in modern history as well as the longest serving in that rank

Owing to his unrelenting opposition to the Johnson administration's Vietnam policy and what was widely perceived as his hostility to Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, LeMay was essentially forced into retirement in February 1965 and seemed headed for a political career

Jun 30 1957-Jun 30 1961 Vice Chief of Staff United States Air Force

Jun 30 1961-Jan 31 1965 Chief of Staff United States Air Force

Moving to California, he was approached by conservatives to challenge moderate Republican Thomas Kuchel for his seat in the United States Senate in 1968, but he declined

1968 For the Presidential race that year, LeMay originally supported Richard Nixon. He turned down two requests by George Wallace to join his American Independent Party that year on the grounds that a third-party candidacy might hurt Nixon's chances at the polls. By coincidence, Wallace had served as a Sergeant in a unit commanded by LeMay during World War II.

LeMay gradually became convinced that Nixon planned to pursue a conciliatory policy with the Soviets and accept nuclear parity rather than retain America's first-strike supremacy. LeMay felt that Lyndon Johnson had lied to him on several occasions and that Hubert Humphrey, if elected, would do the same. Consequently LeMay, while being fully aware of Wallace's segregationist platform, decided to throw his support to Wallace and eventually became Wallace's running mate.

Lemay was dismayed to find himself attacked in the press as a racial segregationist because he was running with Wallace. He had never considered himself a bigot. When Wallace announced his selection in October 1968, LeMay opined that he, unlike many Americans, clearly did not fear using nuclear weapons. His saber rattling did not help the Wallace campaign.

1968 American Independent Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with George Wallace, lost

Was honored by several countries, receiving the Air Medal with three oak leaf clusters, the Distinguished Flying Cross with two oak leaf clusters, the Distinguished Service Cross, Distinguished Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters, the French Légion d'honneur and the Silver Star. On December 7, 1964 the Japanese government conferred on him the First Order of Merit with the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun. He was elected to the Alfalfa Club in 1957 and served as a general officer for 21 years.

Holds honorary doctor of laws degrees from John Carroll University, Kenyon College, the University of Southern California, Creighton University and the University of Akron. He also holds honorary doctor of science degrees from Tufts, Ohio State University and the University of Virginia, and an honorary doctor of engineering degree from Case Institute of Technology. His fraternal organizations include Sigma Tau, Tau Beta Pi and Theta Tau.

 

[Lincoln Republican]

1968 Continued

Henning Blomen MA Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S. See 1964

George Sam Taylor PA Socialist Labor Party

1946 Socialist Labor Party candidate Governor PA, lost

1950 Industrial Government Party candidate Governor PA, lost

1956 Socialist Labor Party candidate U.S. Senate PA, lost

1958 Socialist Labor Party candidate U.S. Senate PA, lost

1960 Socialist Labor Party candidate Attorney General PA, lost

1962 Socialist Labor Party candidate Governor PA, lost

1964 Socialist Labor Party candidate U.S. Senate PA, lost

1966 Socialist Labor Party candidate Governor PA, lost

1968 Socialist Labor Party candidate Vice President U.S. with Henning Blomen, lost

1970 Socialist Labor Party candidate Governor PA, lost  
    
Fred Halstead CA Socialist Workers Party

Played a very significant role in the movement against the Vietnam War. Some believe this can be found in his book on the movement, Out Now! He also was a staff writer of The Militant, the publication of the Socialist Workers Party, the main Trotskyist group in the United States.

1968 Socialist Workers Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Richard Nixon

Paul Boutelle NY Socialist Workers Party

1968 Socialist Workers Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Fred Halstead, lost

Also campaigned as a socialist candidate for Mayor of New York City, Mayor of Oakland, California, United States Congress three times, New York State Attorney General in 1966, and Borough President of Manhattan. Was also active in the Freedom Now Party, an all-Black party that existed from 1963 to 1965, and was its unsuccessful candidate for the New York State Senate in Harlem, New York City in 1964

E Harold Munn MI Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S. See 1960

Rolland E Fisher KS Prohibition Party

Minister and evangelist who actively promoted the temperance movement

1948-1950 Executive Secretary of the Kansas Prohibition Party

1962-1968 State Chairman of the  Kansas Prohibition Party

1963-1967 Vice Chairman of the Prohibition Party National Committee

1968 Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with E Harold Munn, lost

Charlene Mitchell IL Communist Party USA, Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism  

African-American international socialist, feminist, labor and civil rights activist

Formerly a member of the Communist Party USA which she joined at 16, she now belongs to the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism

1968 Communist Party USA candidate for President U.S., lost to Richard Nixon

The first African-American woman to run for President of the United States

While Mitchell had long been a Communist Party member, she and other reform-minded people wanted changes. African Americans were unhappy with the leadership of Gus Hall, as they believed he failed to recognize the international Communist Party members' responsibility for problems in the Soviet Union and other European nations. They planned a reform movement and matters came to a head at a convention in December 1991. Many who signed a letter urging reform were purged by Gus Hall from the CPUSA's national committee, including Mitchell, Angela Davis, Kendra Alexander and other African-American leaders. As of 2006 Mitchell is active in the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism (CCDS). It is an independent offshoot of the party.

Mike Zagarell NY Communist Party USA  

1968 Communist Party USA candidate for Vice President U.S. with Charlene Mitchell, lost

National Youth Director of Communist Party USA at the time of the 1968 election
At age 23, at the time of the 1968 election, he was younger than the constitutionally required age of 35 to hold office

1988 Independent Progressive Line candidate for U.S. Representative from New York 19th District, lost  

Eldridge Cleaver CA Black Panther Party, Peace and Freedom Party, Republican

1966 Joined the Oakland-based Black Panther Party, serving as Minister of Information, or spokesperson

What initially attracted Cleaver to the Panthers as opposed to other prominent groups was their commitment to armed struggle

1968 Peace and Freedom Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Richard Nixon

Cleaver would not have been the requisite 35 years of age until more than a year after Inauguration Day 1969

1975 Became a born again Christian and subsequently renounced his ultra-radical past

Early 1980s Became disillusioned with what he saw as the commercial nature of mainstream evangelical Christianity

Later led a short-lived revivalist ministry called Eldridge Cleaver Crusades, "a hybrid synthesis of Islam and Christianity he called 'Christlam'"

By the 1980s Had become a conservative Republican, appeared at various Republican events and spoke at a California Republican State Central Committee meeting regarding his political transformation

1984 Candidate for election to Berkeley, CA City Council, lost

1986 Promoted his candidacy in the Republican Party primary for the U.S. Senate CA race, lost

Due to the needs of the state parties of the Peace and Freedom Party to collect signatures, the party fielded several different Vice Presidential nominees in the 1968 election, including Chicago activist Peggy Terry, Chicano activist Rodolfo Gonzales, radical economist Douglas Dowd and Judith Mage, who had been nominated at the national convention

Peggy Terry IL Peace and Freedom Party

Active in the following organizations or movements

Civil Rights Movement

Anti nuclear group Women for Peace

Briefly belonged to Communist Party USA

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Marched with Reverend Martin Luther King Jr in Mississippi March Against Fear

Jobs Or Income Now (JOIN)

National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO)

1968 One of the nominees of the Peace and Freedom party for Vice President U.S. with Eldridge Cleaver, lost

Rodolfo Gonzales CO Peace and Freedom Party  

First achieved national prominence as a prize fighter in the early fifties

When he left the ring, he turned to Democratic politics in his hometown, Denver, CO

A Colorado coordinator of the Viva Kennedy Clubs in 1960, he proceeded to serve in multiple War on Poverty programs and quickly become a “one-man directory of poverty agencies”

Like other barrio leaders of his time, Gonzales lost faith in conventional party politics and founded a separate organization called La Crusada Para la Justicia (The Crusade for Justice)

He hoped to better serve the Denver Mexican community and saw that the future of that community within urban areas, focusing specifically on engaging young people

1968 One of the nominees of the Peace and Freedom Party for Vice President U.S. with Eldridge Cleaver, lost

Douglas Fitzgerald Dowd NY Peace and Freedom Party  

Political economist, economic historian, political activist

Late 1940s to late 1990s Taught at Cornell University, University of California Berkeley and other universities. He has authored books that criticize capitalism in general, and US capitalism in particular

Claims to be "non-religious" without saying if he is an agnostic or atheist. He was a young man during the US Depression years, and lived through and participated in most of the major social and political events over the decades. He was a pilot for the United States during World War II.

1968 One of the nominees of the Peace and Freedom Party for Vice President U.S. with Eldridge Cleaver, lost.  Agreed to be on the ticket in New York in order to prevent the selection of Jerry Rubin.

Judith Mage NY Peace and Freedom Party

1968 One of the nominees of the Peace and Freedom Party for Vice President U.S. with Eldridge Cleaver, lost

[Lincoln Republican]

1972

Richard Nixon NY Republican Party candidate for President U.S. See 1968

Spiro Agnew MD Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1968

George McGovern SD Democratic

1943-1945 World War II, United States Army Air Forces, First Lieutenant

1946 Graduated from Dakota Wesleyan University with a B.A. degree magna cum laude

Began divinity studies at Garrett Theological Seminary in Evanston, Illinois

1947 Enrolled in graduate studies at Northwestern University in Evanston, where he also worked as a teaching assistant. He received an M.A. in history in 1949

1949-1953 Dakota Wesleyan University Professor of history and political science

Nominally a Republican growing up, began to admire Democratic President Franklin Delano Roosevelt during World War II

1952 Heard a radio broadcast of Governor Adlai Stevenson's speech accepting the Presidential nomination of the Democratic Party, immediately dedicated himself to Stevenson's campaign

1953 Left a tenure-track position at Dakota Wesleyan University to become Executive Secretary of the South Dakota Democratic Party

Spent the following years rebuilding and revitalizing the Democratic Party in SD

1954-1956 Served on a political organization advisory group for the Democratic National Committee

Jan 3 1957-Jan 3 1961 U.S. House of Representatives SD

1960 Democratic Party candidate for U.S. Senate SD, lost

Jan 21 1961-Jul 18 1962 Special Assistant to the President and first Ddirector of the Food for Peace program, under President John F Kennedy

Jan 3 1963-Jan 3 1981 U.S. Senate SD

1972 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Richard Nixon

When McGovern won the Democratic nomination for President, virtually all of the high profile Democrats, including Senator Ted Kennedy, Senator Walter Mondale, Senator Hubert Humphrey, Senator Edmund Muskie, and Senator Birch Bayh, turned down offers to run on the ticket as the candidate for Vice President. McGovern had been convinced that Kennedy would join the ticket. Kennedy ended up refusing.  Other names mentioned as a potential Vice Presidential nominee were U.S. Representative Wilbur Mills, Senator Abraham Ribicoff, Democratic National Committee Chairman and former U.S. Postmaster General Larry O'Brien, and Governor Reubin Askew.

McGovern campaign manager Gary Hart suggested Boston Mayor Kevin White. McGovern called White, and received "an emphatic yes", but the leader of the Massachusetts delegation, Ken Galbraith, said the Massachusetts delegation would walk out if the announcement was made to the Convention that McGovern had chosen White as his Vice Presidential candidate, as White had backed Muskie during the Massachusetts primary yet, Massachusetts ended up being the only state that McGovern would carry in Electoral College votes on November 7, Election Day.

McGovern then asked Senator Gaylord Nelson to be his running mate. Nelson declined but suggested Thomas Eagleton, whom McGovern ultimately chose, with only a minimal background check. Eagleton made no mention of his earlier hospitalizations, and in fact decided with his wife to keep them secret from McGovern while he was flying to his first meeting with the Presidential nominee.

At McGovern's request, Eagleton withdrew himself as the nominee for Vice President U.S. on Aug 1, 1972  

McGovern then chose diplomat Sargent Shriver of Maryland, brother in law of Edward Kennedy, as the replacement nominee for Vice President U.S.

Post Senate

Began teaching and lecturing at a number of universities in the U.S. and Europe, accepting one-year contracts or less

1981-1982 Replaced historian Stephen Ambrose as a professor at the University of New Orleans

Began making frequent speeches, earning several hundred thousand dollars a year

1984 Candidate for Democratic Presidential nomination for President U.S., lost to Walter Mondale

1984 Endorsed Walter Mondale for President

1984 Addressed the Democratic National Convention's party platform committee

1986-1991 Served on board of Middle East Policy Council

1991 Briefly explored another Presidential run for the 1992 Presidential election, deciding against it

1991-1997 President of the Middle East Policy Council

1998-2001 United States Ambassador to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture, serving in Rome, Italy, named to the post by President Bill Clinton

2000 The George McGovern–Robert Dole International Food for Education and Nutrition Program was created

2001 Appointed as the first UN Global Ambassador on World Hunger by the World Food Program, the agency he had helped found forty years earlier. He was still active in this Goodwill Ambassador position as of 2011 and remained in it until his death in 2012.

Continued to lecture and make public appearances, sometimes appearing with Dole on college campuses

Was an honorary life member of the board of Friends of the World Food Program

Served as a Senior Policy Advisor at Olsson Frank Weeda, a food and drug regulatory counseling law and lobbying firm in Washington, D.C., where he specialized on issues of food, nutrition, and agriculture

2008 Became an outspoken opponent of the Iraq War

Jan 2008 Wrote an op-ed in the Washington Post calling for the impeachment of President George W. Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney

2008 Democratic Party Presidential nomination campaign, he first endorsed Senator Hillary  Clinton and then later switched to Senator Barack Obama after concluding Clinton could no longer win

[Lincoln Republican]

1972 Continued

Sargent Shriver MD Democratic

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A descendant of David Shriver, who signed the Maryland Constitution and Bill of Rights at Maryland's Constitutional Convention of 1776

Father of Bobby Shriver, a member of the Santa Monica CA City Council 2004-2012, serving as Mayor pro tem in 2006 and Mayor during part of 2010

Brother-in-law of John F Kennedy U.S. House of Representatives MA 1947-1953, U.S. Senate MA 1953-1960, President U.S. 1961-1963

Brother-in-law of Robert Kennedy U.S. Attorney General 1961-1964,  U.S. Senate NY 1965-1968

Brother-in-law of Edward Kennedy U.S. Senate MA 1962-2009  

Sargent Shriver is the husband of Eunice Kennedy Shriver, the Kennedy's sister

Father-in-law of Arnold Schwarzenegger, Republican Governor of California 2003-2011, husband of his daughter, Maria Shriver
=====
 
1938 Graduated Yale University with bachelor's degree

1941 Graduated Yale Law School with LL.B. degree

1940 An early opponent of American involvement in World War II, was a founding member of the America First Committee, an organization started by a group of Yale law students, also including future U.S. President Gerald Ford and Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart, that tried to keep the United States out of the European war

1941-1945 World War II, United States Navy, reaching rank of Lieutenant

Late 1950s Head of the Chicago School Board and the Catholic Interracial Council. Addressed America's racial conflict by leading successful efforts to integrate Chicago's public and parochial school systems.

1960 When brother in law John F Kennedy ran for President, worked as a political and organization coordinator in the Wisconsin and West Virginia primaries

Founded numerous social programs and organizations, including Head Start, VISTA, Job Corps, Community Action, Upward Bound, Foster Grandparents, Legal Services, the National Clearinghouse for Legal Services, now the Shriver Center, Indian and Migrant Opportunities and Neighborhood Health Services, in addition to directing the Peace Corps. He was active in Special Olympics, founded by his wife Eunice.

1961 Founded the Peace Corps

Mar 22 1961-Feb 28 1966 First Director of the Peace Corps, under John F Kennedy, Lyndon B Johnson
 
After John F Kennedy's assassination in 1963, continued to serve as Director of the Peace Corps and served as Special Assistant to President Lyndon B Johnson. Under Johnson, he created the Office of Economic Opportunity with William B. Mullins and served as its first Director. He is known as the "architect" of the Johnson administration's "War on Poverty".

Oct 16 1964-Mar 22 1968 First Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) under Lyndon B Johnson

Apr 22 1968-Mar 25 1970 U.S. Ambassador to France under Richard Nixon

1972 Chosen as Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. by Democratic Presidential nominee George McGovern after McGovern's pick, Senator Thomas Eagleton of Missouri, resigned from the Democratic ticket following revelations of past mental health treatments

When McGovern won the Democratic nomination for President, virtually all of the high profile Democrats, including Senator Ted Kennedy, Senator Walter Mondale, Senator Hubert Humphrey, Senator Edmund Muskie, and Senator Birch Bayh, turned down offers to run on the ticket as the candidate for Vice President. McGovern had been convinced that Kennedy would join the ticket. Kennedy ended up refusing.  Other names mentioned as a potential Vice Presidential nominee were U.S. Representative Wilbur Mills, Senator Abraham Ribicoff, Democratic National Committee Chairman and former U.S. Postmaster General Larry O'Brien, and Governor Reubin Askew.

1972 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with George McGovern, lost

1976 Unsuccessfully sought the Democratic Party nomination for President U.S. His candidacy was short and he returned to private life.

1984 Elected President of Special Olympics by the Board of Directors. As President, he directed the operation and international development of sports programs around the world. Six years later, in 1990, he was appointed Chairman of the Board of Special Olympics.

Thomas Eagleton MO Democratic

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Son of Mark Eagleton, a politician who had ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of St. Louis, MO
=====

1948-1949 United States Navy

1950 Graduated from Amherst College Bachelor of Arts degree, a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, Sigma Chapter

Attended Oxford University

1953 Graduated from Harvard Law School Juris Doctor degree

1957-1961 Circuit Attorney for the City of St. Louis, MO

Jan 9 1961-Jan 11 1965 Attorney General MO

Jan 11 1965-Dec 27 1968 Lieutenant Governor MO

Dec 28 1968-Jan 3 1987 U.S. Senate MO

Jul 13 1972 Original Democratic Party nominee for Vice President U.S. with George McGovern

Between 1960 and 1966, checked himself into the hospital three times for physical and nervous exhaustion, receiving electroconvulsive therapy twice. He was also known to have suffered from depression.  There was speculation and rumors that he as well had a drinking problem.  The hospitalizations were not widely publicized until after his selection as the Democratic Party's candidate for Vice President in 1972.  At McGovern's request, Eagleton withdrew himself as the nominee for Vice President U.S. on Aug 1, 1972.  McGovern ultimately chose diplomat Sargent Shriver of Maryland as the replacement nominee for Vice President U.S.

1974 Reelected to U.S. Senate MO

1980 Reelected to U.S. Senate MO

1986 Did not seek a fourth term for U.S. Senate MO

1987 Returned to Missouri as an attorney, political commentator, and professor at Washington University in St. Louis, where until his death in 2007 he was professor of public affairs

1993-1998 Member of Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board

Served as a member of  Chicago Board of Trade

Jan 2001 Joined other Missouri Democrats to oppose the nomination of Republican former Missouri Attorney General, Missouri Governor, and Missouri U.S. Senator John Ashcroft to become U.S. Attorney General.  Ashcroft was sworn in as U.S. Attorney General Feb 2 2001.
 
2006 Strongly supported Democratic U.S. Senate candidate Claire McCaskill who went on to defeat Republican incumbent Jim Talent

Led a group, Catholics for Amendment 2, composed of prominent Catholics that challenged church leaders' opposition to embryonic stem cell research and to a proposed state constitutional amendment that would have protected such research in Missouri

During the 2000s, served on the Council of Elders for the George and Eleanor McGovern Center for Leadership and Public Service at Dakota Wesleyan University

[Lincoln Republican]

1972 Continued

John G Schmitz CA Republican, American Independent Party

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Father of John P Schmitz, Legislative Aide to Charles W Sandman Jr, Republican member U.S. House of Representatives NJ 1973-1975, Legislative Assistant to Goodloe E Byron, Democratic member U.S. House of Representatives MD 1977, Special Assistant to William Baxter, Assistant Attorney General for Antitrust U.S. Department of Justice 1981-1982, Law Clerk to Judge Antonin Scalia of U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia 1983-1984, Deputy White House Counsel to Vice President George H W Bush 1985-1989, Deputy White House Counsel to President George H W Bush 1989-1993  
    
Father of Joseph E Schmitz, U.S. Department of Defense Inspector General 2002-2005
=====
  
1952 Received B.S. degree from Marquette University Milwaukee

1960 received M.A. degree from California State University Long Beach

1952-1960 Served as a United States Marine Corps jet fighter and helicopter pilot

1960-1983 A Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Marine Corps Reserve

Instructor in philosophy and political science at Santa Ana College

Became active in the John Birch Society

1965-1970 CA State Senate

Jun 30 1970–Jan 3, 1973 U.S. House of Representatives CA

1972 Candidate for U.S. Hosue of Representatives CA in Republican primary, lost to Orange County Tax Assessor Andrew J Hinshaw, who was recruited by Richard Nixon

1972 American Independent Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Richard Nixon

Schmitz was the replacement candidate for Alabama Governor George Wallace, who had been paralyzed after being shot by a would-be assassin

1979-1982 CA State Senate

1981 John Birch Society stripped him of his membership for "extremism"

1982 Announced plans to run for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate CA

1984 Candidate for U.S. House of Representatives CA in Republican primary, lost

Thomas J Anderson TN American Independent Party, American Party

Attended Vanderbilt University

1934 Received B.A. in economics  

World War II Lieutenant United States Navy

1947 Purchased The Arkansas Farmer, the first of 16 regional farm magazines he acquired and operated as part of Nashville-based Southern Unit Publications, Inc. Other publications, Farm and Ranch Magazine, author of the column Straight Talk

1957 A series of the columns was reprinted in a book, also titled Straight Talk

Later produced a weekly radio program of the same name

Spent much of his life as a speaker, publisher and writer, crusading for conservative causes

Numerous patriotic awards including the Liberty Award of the Congress of Freedom and the Freedom Award of Freedom's Foundation at Valley Forge

1972 American Independent Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with John G Schmitz, lost

1976 American Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Jimmy Carter

Research has not yet determined whether Anderson's home state was Tennessee or Texas at the time of the 1976 election

1978 Ran as the American Party endorsed candidate for the U.S. Senate seat in TN. He appeared on the ballot as an independent due to state law which requires a minimal number of signatures to appear as an independent but requires a full party petition consisting of tens of thousands of signatures to appear on ballot with party label, lost.

Remained active in conservative politics, notably as a council member of the John Birch Society, and was widely popular as a speaker, appearing on various TV and radio programs and delivering more than 1,500 speeches between 1947 and 1994

Linda Jenness GA Socialist Workers Party

1970 Socialist Workers Party candidate for Governor GA

She did not get on the ballot, because to get on, she would have had to collect 88,175 signatures, and the Socialist Workers Party didn't have enough members to collect that many signatures. Jenness, the SWP and two congressional candidates of the party brought a lawsuit, Jenness v. Fortson 403 U.S. 431 (1971), regarding Georgia's ballot access standards, a case about which has been said it "continues to haunt the jurisprudence of ballot access law".

1972 Socialist Workers Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Richard Nixon

Aged 31 at time of the election, she did not meet the Constitutional age requirement to hold the office of President, but the SWP was on the ballot in 25 states, six more than in 1968. She qualified for the Ohio ballot but was removed when she could not prove she was 35.

As of September 2010, was still active as supporter of the SWP

Andrew Pulley IL Socialist Workers Party

At the time he ran he was a civil rights movement supporter, steel mill worker and Vietnam War veteran who had opposed the war

1972 Socialist Workers Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Linda Jenness, lost.  At the time he was twenty years old, making him ineligible under the United States Constitution.

1978 Socialist Workers Party candidate for Mayor of Chicago, IL, lost

1980 Socialist Workers Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Ronald Reagan

Benjamin Spock CA People's Party

Pediatrician

Attended Phillips Academy and Yale University. Studied literature and history at Yale, and also was active in athletics, becoming a part of the Olympic rowing crew (Men's Eights) that won a gold medal at the 1924 games in Paris. At Yale, was inducted into the senior society Scroll and Key. Attended Yale School of Medicine for two years before shifting to Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons, from which he graduated first in his class in 1929.

1962 Joined The Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, otherwise known as SANE.

Was politically outspoken and active in the movement to end the Vietnam War.

1967 Was to be nominated as Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Vice Presidential running mate at the National Conference for New Politics over Labor Day weekend in Chicago. According to William F. Pepper's Orders to Kill, however, the conference was broken up by agents provocateurs working for the government.

1968 Signed the “Writers and Editors War Tax Protest” pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War

1972 People's Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Richard Nixon

1976 People's Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Margaret Wright, lost to Richard Nixon

1970s and 1980s Demonstrated and gave lectures against nuclear weapons and cuts in social welfare programs

Julius Hobson DC People's Party

A "key early founder" of the D.C. Statehood Party

1971 Ran as a member of the People's Party to be the District of Columbia's delegate to the House of Representatives, lost

1972 People's Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Benjamin Spock, lost

1975-1977 One of the at-large members of the Council of the District of Columbia

1981 The Washington Post revealed that documents in the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) file on Hobson revealed that he had once provided information to the FBI about the black freedom movement

Louis Fisher IL Socialist Labor Party

A political scholar and staunch opponent of the line-item veto

1944 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Secretary of State IL, lost

1948 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Governor IL, lost

1952 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Governor IL, lost

1956 Socialist Labor Party candidate for U.S. Senate IL, Lost

1968 Socialist Labor Party candidate for U.S. Senate IL, lost

1970 Socialist Labor Party candidate for U.S. Senate IL, lost

1972 Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Richard Nixon

Genevieve Gunderson MN Socialist Labor Party

1972 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Louis Fisher, lost

[Lincoln Republican]

1972 Continued

Gus Hall NY Communist Party USA (CPUSA)

1927 Recruited to the CPUSA by his father

Became an organizer for the Young Communist League (YCL) in the upper Midwest

1931 An apprenticeship in the YCL qualified him to travel to the Soviet Union to study for two years at the International Lenin School in Moscow

1935–1936 Involved in the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) and was a founding organizer of the Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC), which was set up by the CIO

Stated that he and others persuaded John L. Lewis, who was one of the founders of CIO, that steel could be organized

1937 A leader of the 1937 “Little Steel” strike, so called because it was directed against Republic Steel, Bethlehem Steel and the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, as opposed to the industry giant U.S. Steel
 
1937 Focused on party activities instead of union work, and became the leader of the CPUSA in Youngstown

1939 Became the CPUSA leader for the city of Cleveland

Ran on the CPUSA ticket for Youngstown Councilman and also for Governor of Ohio, but received few votes

During World War II Volunteered for the U.S. Navy when war broke out, serving as a machinist in Guam

During the first years of the war in Europe, the CPUSA held an isolationist stance, as the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany were cooperating based on the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact. When Hitler broke the treaty by invading the USSR in June 1941, the CPUSA began to officially support the war effort. During his naval service, Hall was elected in absence to the National Committee of the CPUSA. He was honorably discharged from the Navy on March 6, 1946.

Seen as a Moscow loyalist, Hall's reputation in the party rose after the war

1946 Elected to the national executive board of the party under the new General Secretary, Eugene Dennis, a pro-Soviet Marxist-Leninist

1948 Rose to the Secretariat of the CPUSA

1959-2000 General Secretary of the National Committee of the Communist Party USA

1964 Presidential election, CPUSA supported Lyndon B. Johnson, saying it was necessary to prevent the victory of the conservative Barry Goldwater

1972 Presidential election, the CPUSA withdrew its support from the Democratic Party
 
1972 Communist Party USA candidate for President U.S., lost to Richard Nixon

1976 Communist Party USA candidate for President U.S., lost to Jimmy Carter

1980 Communist Party USA candidate for President U.S., lost to Ronald Reagan

1984 Communist Party USA candidate for President U.S., lost to Ronald Reagan

Jarvis Tyner PA Communist Party USA (CPUSA)

1961 Joined the Communist Party USA

After several years working in various industrial jobs in the Philadelphia area, where he was a member of the Amalgamated Lithographers of America and Teamsters, he moved to New York in 1967 to become the National Chair of the DuBois Clubs of America, and later founding chair of the Young Workers Liberation League
 
1972 Communist Party USA candidate for Vice President U.S. with Gus Hall, lost

1976 Communist Party USA candidate for Vice President U.S. with Gus Hall, lost

Has been a public spokesperson for the CPUSA, presenting its positions against racism, imperialism, and war

Has also contributed to the CPUSA's Political Affairs Magazine and its People's World

1984 Assumed office as Executive Vice Chair CPUSA

Evelyn Reed NY Socialist Workers Party

January 1940, she traveled to Mexico to see the exiled Russian Revolutionary Leon Trotsky and his wife Natalia Sedova. There, at the house of Trotsky in Coyoacán, Reed met the American Trotskyist leader James P. Cannon, leader of the Socialist Workers Party (United States).

Reed joined in the same year, and remained a leading party member until her death in 1979

1960s, 1970s An active participant in the Women's liberation movement

1971 A founding member of the Women’s National Abortion Action Coalition

During these years she spoke and debated on women’s rights in cities throughout the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Ireland, the United Kingdom and France

1972 Socialist Workers Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Richard Nixon

Clifton DeBerry IL Socialist Workers Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1964

E Harold Munn MI Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S. See 1960

Marshall Uncapher KS Prohibition Party

1972 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Richard Nixon

John G Hospers CA Libertarian Party

Earned advanced degrees from the University of Iowa and Columbia University

Conducted research, wrote, and taught in areas of philosophy, including aesthetics and ethics

Taught philosophy at Brooklyn College and at the University of Southern California, where for many years he was chairman of the philosophy department and professor emeritus

Editor of The Personalist, 1968–1982 and The Monist, 1982–1992, and was a senior editor at Liberty magazine

1972 Libertarian Party candidae for President U.S., lost to Richard Nixon

In the 1972 U.S. Presidential election, Hospers and Theodora Nathan were the first Presidential and Vice Presidential nominees, respectively, of the newly formed Libertarian Party. They received one electoral vote from faithless elector Roger MacBride, a Republican from Virginia, resulting in Nathan becoming the first woman to have received an electoral vote in a United States Presidential election.

Theodora Nathan OR Libertarian Party

1971 Earned a bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of Oregon

Worked as a radio and television producer, produced and occasionally hosted a daily talk show on KVAL-TV (CBS affiliate) in Eugene OR

1972 Libertarian Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with John G Hospers, lost

At the first Presidential nominating convention of the Libertarian Party in 1972, Nathan was nominated by the convention delegates to run for Vice President with Presidential candidate John Hospers, chairman of the philosophy department at the University of Southern California. Faithless Republican elector Roger MacBride of Virginia chose to vote for Hospers and Nathan instead of Nixon and Agnew. As a result, Nathan became the first woman and the first Jewish person in American history to have received an electoral vote in a Presidential election.

1976 Consented to have her name placed into nomination for the Libertarian Vice Presidential candidacy in the Presidential election, though she did not actively campaign for the position. Lost nomination to Jim Lewis.

Following her Vice Presidential run, made a series of unsuccessful runs as a Libertarian candidate during the 1970s through the 1990s, for offices including the United States Senate OR and the U.S. House of Representatives OR

1980 Libertarian Party candidate U.S. Senate OR. lost

1990 Libertarian Party candidate U.S. House of Representatives OR, lost

A founding member and former Vice Chair of the Libertarian Party, as well as a founding member and former President of the Association of Libertarian Feminists

Was a speaker at the 2012 Libertarian National Convention, where she also announced Gary Johnson as the 2012 Libertarian Party presidential nominee

[Lincoln Republican]

1976

Jimmy Carter GA Democratic

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Son of James Earl Carter Sr, Sumter County, Georgia, Board of Education, Georgia State House of Representatives 1953  

Cousin of Hugh Carter, Georgia State Senate 1967-1981, succeeding his first cousin President Jimmy Carter

Brother of Billy Carter,  Unsuccessful candidate for Mayor Plains, Georgia 1976

Father of Jack Carter, Unsuccessful candidate for United States Senate Nevada 2006

Grandfather of Jason Carter, Georgia State Senate 2010-2015, unsuccessful candidate for Governor Georgia 2014
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Though he had long dreamed of attending the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Carter had to wait for a sponsorship to match the cost. Meanwhile he enrolled at Georgia Southwestern College in Americus. After taking additional mathematics courses at Georgia Tech, he was finally admitted to the Naval Academy in 1943.  Graduated 1946. Graduated 59th out of 820 midshipmen, by his own recollection.

Took some classes at Union College in Schenectady, New York, in early 1953

He had the promise of a distinguished naval career, with eventual promotion to Admiral a possibility

1946-1953 United States Navy, rank of Lieutenant

Started his political career by serving on various local boards, governing such entities as the schools, hospitals, and libraries, among others

Jan 14 1963-Jan 10 1967 GA State Senate

1966 Declined running for re-election as a GA State Senator to pursue a run for Governor GA

1966 Considered running for the United States House of Representatives. His Republican opponent, Howard Callaway, dropped out and decided to run for Governor of Georgia. Carter did not want to see a Republican Governor of his state, and joined the race. He lost the Democratic primary, but drew enough votes as a third-place candidate to force the favorite, liberal former Governor Ellis Arnall, into a runoff election. A chain of events resulted in the nomination of Lester Maddox, a segregationist Democrat. Maddox was elected as Governor of Georgia by the Georgia General Assembly, although he finished a close second in a three-way general election race with Callaway and Arnall, who ran as a write-in candidate. During the primary, Carter ran as a moderate alternative to both the liberal Arnall and conservative Maddox. Although Carter lost, his strong third-place finish was viewed as a success for the little-known State Senator. Returned to his agriculture business and, during the next four years, carefully planned his next campaign for Governor in 1970. He made more than 1,800 speeches throughout the state.

1970 Democratic Party Candidate for Governor GA, elected

Jan 12 1971-Jan 14 1975 Governor GA

1972 Democratic National Convention, endorsed the candidacy of Senator Henry M. Jackson of Washington to become Democratic nominee for President U.S.  Jackson lost nomination to Senator George McGovern of South Dakota.

1976 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., elected

1980 Democratic Party candidate for reelection President U.S., lost to Ronald Reagan

Jan 20 1977-Jan 20 1981 39th President U.S.

Post Presidency

Has contributed to the expansion of Habitat for Humanity, to build affordable housing

Has been involved in a variety of national and international public policy, conflict resolution, human rights and charitable causes

1982 Established The Carter Center in Atlanta to advance human rights and alleviate human suffering

Has undertaken several diplomatic missions including to North Korea, the Middle East, Haiti, Cuba, Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Vietnam

2002 Received the Nobel Peace Prize, the only U.S. President to have received the award after leaving office

2007 Joined Nelson Mandela in Johannesburg, South Africa, to announce his participation in The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues

First Lady of the United States Rosalynn Carter 1977-1981

Attended Georgia Southwestern College.

Declared that she had no intention of being a traditional First Lady of the United States. During her husband's administration, Rosalynn supported her husband's public policies as well as his social and personal life. In order to remain fully informed, she sat in on Cabinet meetings at the invitation of the President.

Was the host of "First Lady's Employment Seminar". 200-300 delegates came and shared information to learn how other communities responded to unemployment.

Became involved with an effort to reform D.C. General Hospital after criticizing the appearance of it.

Served as an active honorary chair of the President's Commission on Mental Health.

On behalf of the Mental Health System Bill, enacted in 1980, she testified before a Senate committee, the second First Lady to appear before the Congress (the first being Eleanor Roosevelt). Of her priorities, mental health was the highest. Working to change the nature of government assistance to the mentally ill, Carter wanted to allow people to be comfortable admitting their disabilities without fear of being called crazy.

[Lincoln Republican]

1976 Continued

Walter Mondale MN Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party, Democratic

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Father of Ted Mondale, MN State Senate 1991-1997, Candidate for Democratic nomination for Governor MN 1998, defeated for nomination, Appointed chairman of the Metropolitan Council in the Cabinet of MN Governor Jesse Ventura 1999, Named chair of the Metropolitan Sports Facilities Commission by MN Governor Mark Dayton 2011, Named CEO of the Minnesota Sports Facilities Authority 2012

Father of William Mondale, an Assistant Hennepin County MN Attorney, Assistant Attorney General MN 1990-2000
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1951-1953 United States Army, rank of Corporal

1956 Graduated from University of Minnesota Law School

While at law school served on the Minnesota Law Review and as a law clerk in the Minnesota Supreme Court

1948 Helped organize Hubert Humphrey's successful U.S. Senate MN campaign

1956, 1958 Managed Orville Freeman's successful campaigns for Governor MN

1960 Appointed by Governor Freeman as Minnesota Attorney General following the resignation of Miles Lord, and won the post in his own right in the fall election

Jan 15 1960-Jan 13 1964 Attorney General MN

1960-1964 Served as a member of the President’s Consumer Advisory Council

1964 At Democratic National Convention played a major role in the proposed but ultimately unsuccessful compromise by which the national Democratic Party offered the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party two at-large seats

1964 Appointed by Minnesota Governor Karl Rolvaag to U.S. Senate MN to fill vacancy caused by Hubert Humphrey's resignation after being elected Vice President U.S. Mondale was elected to the Senate for the first time in 1966.

Dec 30 1964-Dec 30 1976 U.S. Senate MN

1972 Democratic Presidential candidate George McGovern offered Mondale an opportunity to be his Vice Presidential running mate, which he declined

1972 Re-elected U.S. Senate MN

1976 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Jimmy Carter, elected  

Jan 20 1977-Jan 20 1981 42nd  Vice President U.S. under Jimmy Carter

1980 Democratic Party candidate for reelection Vice President U.S. with Jimmy Carter, lost

1984 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Ronald Reagan

1986-1993 Chairman of the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs

Until his appointment as U.S. Ambassador to Japan, was a Distinguished University Fellow in Law and Public Affairs at the Hubert H Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota

1990 Established the Mondale Policy Forum at the Humphrey Institute

Sep  21 1993-Dec 15 1996 U.S. Ambassador to Japan

Chaired a bipartisan group to study campaign finance reform

1998 President Clinton's special envoy to Indonesia

2002 Spoke before the U.S. Senate when he delivered a lecture on his service, with commentary on the transformation of the office of the Vice President during the Carter administration, the Senate cloture rule for ending debate, and his view on the future of the Senate in U.S. political history. The lecture was part of a continuing Senate "Leaders Lecture Series" that ran from 1998 to 2002.

2002 Democratic Party candidate for U.S. Senate MN, to replace Democratic U.S. Senator MN Paul Wellstone who was running for re-election, and died in a plane crash just 11 days before the election. Mondale lost the Senate election, earning him the unique distinction of having lost a statewide election in all 50 states as the nominee of a major party. He lost the other 49 states in the 1984 Presidential election running as the Democratic Party Presidential candidate against incumbent President Republican Ronald Reagan.

2004 Became Co-chairman of the Constitution Project's bipartisan Right to Counsel Committee

2008 Endorsed Senator Hillary Clinton of New York for President U.S. and supported her campaign for the Democratic Party nomination for President U.S.

Jun 3 2008, following the final primary contests, Mondale switched his endorsement to Senator Barack Obama of Illinois, who had clinched the nomination the previous evening

Second Lady of the United States Joan Mondale 1977-1981

Graduated from Macalester College in St. Paul with a bachelor's degree in history 1952.

Was a lifelong practitioner, patron, and advocate of the arts, and her nickname 'Joan of Art' was a sincere tribute.

[Lincoln Republican]

1976 Continued

Gerald Ford MI Republican

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Father of John Ford, 1996, as a veteran of six Republican National Conventions, was asked to serve as executive director of the host committee for the Republican National Convention in San Diego, California
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1935 Graduated from University of Michigan with Bachelor of Arts degree in economics

Following his graduation he turned down contract offers from the Detroit Lions and Green Bay Packers of the National Football League to take a coaching position at Yale and apply to its law school

Spent summer of 1937 as a student at University of Michigan Law School and was eventually admitted in spring 1938 to Yale Law School. Ford earned his LL.B. degree in 1941, later amended to Juris Doctor, graduating from Yale in the top 25 percent of his class.

Admitted to Michigan bar shortly thereafter

May 1941 opened a Grand Rapids law practice with a friend, Philip W Buchen, who would later serve as his White House counsel

Ford's introduction to politics came in the summer of 1940 when he worked in Republican Presidential nominee Wendell Willkie's Presidential campaign

While attending Yale Law School, joined a group of students and signed a petition to enforce the 1939 Neutrality Act. The petition was circulated nationally and was the inspiration for the America First Committee, a group determined to keep the U.S. out of World War II.

1942-1946 World War II United States Navy, rank of Lieutenant Commander

Jan 3 1949-Dec 6 1973 U.S. House of Representatives MI

Early 1950s Declined offers to run for both the U.S. Senate and the Michigan Governorship, rather, his ambition was to become Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives

November 1963 Appointed by President Lyndon B Johnson to The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known as the Warren Commission

Jan 3 1963-Jan 3 1965 Chairman of the U.S. House Republican Conference

Jan 3 1965-Dec 6 1973 U.S. House Minority Leader

Aug 21 1972-Aug 23 1972 Chairperson for the Republican National Convention

Oct 10 1973 Vice President Spiro Agnew resigns from office and pleads no contest to criminal charges of tax evasion while Governor of Maryland

Oct 12 1973 Gerald Ford nominated by President Richard Nixon as Vice President U.S., the first time the Vice Presidential vacancy provision of the 25th Amendment had been implemented

Nov 27 1973 U.S. Senate votes 92 to 3 to confirm Ford Vice President U.S.
 
Dec 6 1973 U.S. House of Representatives votes 387 to 35 to confirm Ford Vice President U.S.

One hour after the confirmation vote in the House, Ford takes the oath of office as Vice President U.S., becoming the first unelected Vice President U.S. Sworn into office by Chief Justice Warren Burger

Dec 6 1973-Aug 9 1974 40th Vice President U.S.
 
Aug 1 1974 White House Chief of Staff Alexander Haig contacts Ford telling him that President Nixon would either be impeached or would resign
 
Aug 9 1974 President Nixon resigns as President U.S.

Ford assumes the Presidency, making him the only person to assume the Presidency without having been previously voted into either the Presidential or Vice Presidential office. Sworn into office by Chief Justice Warren Burger.

Aug 9 1974-Jan 20 1977 38th President U.S.

Aug 20 1974 Ford nominates former New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller for Vice President U.S., the second time the Vice Presidential vacancy provision of the 25th Amendment had been implemented

Sep 8 1974 Issues Proclamation 4311, which gave former President Nixon a full and unconditional pardon for any crimes he might have committed against the United States while President

Sep 5 1975 Sacramento, California, assassination attempt on Ford by  Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, a follower of cult leader Charles Manson

Sep 22 1975 Sacramento, California, assassination attempt on Ford by Sara Jane Moore,  a volunteer bookkeeper for People In Need (PIN), also functioned as an FBI informant

1976 Republican Party candidate for President U.S. Defeated Ronald Reagan for Republican Presidential nomination. Ford lost Presidential election to Jimmy Carter.

Post Presidency

1977 Became President of Eisenhower Fellowships in Philadelphia then served as its Chairman of the board of trustees from 1980 to 1986

1977 Established the Gerald R Ford Institute of Public Policy at Albion College in Albion, Michigan, to give undergraduates training in public policy

1980 Considered a run for the Republican Presidential nomination, foregoing numerous opportunities to serve on corporate boards.  Decided not to seek the nomination.

1980 After securing the Republican Presidential nomination, Ronald Reagan considered former President Gerald Ford as a potential Vice Presidential running mate, but negotiations between the Reagan and Ford camps at the Republican National Convention were unsuccessful. Ford conditioned his acceptance on Reagan's agreement to an unprecedented "Co-Presidency", giving Ford the power to control key executive branch appointments, such as Henry Kissinger as Secretary of State and Alan Greenspan as  Secretary of the Treasury. After rejecting these terms, Reagan offered the Vice Presidential nomination instead to George H W Bush.  Ford appeared in a campaign commercial for Reagan and Bush.

2001 Former Presidents Ford and Carter served as honorary co-chairs of the National Commission on Federal Election Reform

2002 Former Presidents Ford and Carter served as honorary co-chairs of the Continuity of Government Commission

Like Presidents Carter, George H W Bush, and Clinton, Ford was an honorary co-chair of the Council for Excellence in Government

Second Lady of the United States Betty Ford 1973-1974

First Lady of the United States Betty Ford 1974-1977

1936 Attended the Bennington School of Dance in Bennington, Vermont, for two summers, where she studied under director Martha Hill with choreographers Martha Graham and Hanya Holm, after being accepted by Graham as a student.

After Gerald Ford's defeat by Jimmy Carter in the 1976 Presidential election, she delivered her husband's concession speech because he had lost his voice while campaigning.

In 1978, the Ford family staged an intervention and forced Betty Ford to confront her alcoholism and an addiction to opioid analgesics. She went into treatment for substance abuse.

In 1982, after her recovery, she established the Betty Ford Center (initially called the Betty Ford Clinic) in Rancho Mirage, California, for the treatment of chemical dependency, including treating the children of alcoholics. She served as chair of the board of directors. In 1987, she co-authored with Chris Chase a book about her treatment, Betty: A Glad Awakening. In 2003, Ford produced another book, Healing and Hope: Six Women from the Betty Ford Center Share Their Powerful Journeys of Addiction and Recovery. In 2005, Ford relinquished her chair of the center's board of directors to her daughter Susan. She had held the top post at the center since its founding.

Betty Ford continued to be an active leader and activist of the feminist movement after the Ford administration.

1991 Was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George H W Bush and a Congressional Gold Medal in 1999

Bob Dole KS Republican candidate for Vice President U.S. see 1996

[Lincoln Republican]

1976 Continued

Nelson Rockefeller NY Republican

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Grandson of John D Rockefeller Sr, Noted oil industry business magnate and philanthropist. He is widely considered the wealthiest American of all time, and the richest person in modern history.

Son of John D Rockefeller II, known as Jr, Noted financier and philanthropist

-Son of Abigail Greene "Abby" Aldrich Rockefeller, Noted socialite and philanthropist

-She was known for being the driving force behind the establishment of the Museum of Modern Art

-With a lifelong dedication to the advancement and welfare of women, she was one of the charter founders of the Cosmopolitan Club in New York. She was also a member of the Colony Club, the Women's City Club, the National Society of Colonial Dames, the Women's National Republican Club, the Faculty Club of Harvard University, the Society of Mayflower Descendants, and the Garden Club of America, among others. She also served on the board of trustees of the International House of New York. For decades she was involved with the YWCA's National Board.  

-She was later to chair the Grace Dodge Hotel committee for fifteen years, organizing the construction of a major hotel for business and professional women involved in government work, as well as accommodating city visitors to Washington

-Through her mother, Abigail Pearce Truman Chapman, she was the eighth great granddaughter of William and Mary Brewster, passengers on the Mayflower in 1620. William Brewster was the fourth signatory of the Mayflower Compact, signed onboard the ship, the Mayflower, Nov 11 1620. Nelson Rockefeller was the ninth great grandson of William and Mary Brewster.

Brother of Abigail Rockefeller Mauze, known as Abby, noted philanthropist. Her husband, Jean Mauzé, was a Manhattan banker, senior Vice President of United States Trust Company. After his wife created the Greenacre Foundation in 1968, he donated Greenacre Park to the City of New York in 1971.

Brother of John D Rockefeller III, Noted philanthropist  

Brother of Laurance Rockefeller, Noted philanthropist, businessman, financier, conservationist

Brother of Winthrop Rockefeller, Named by AR Democratic Governor Orval Faubus to Arkansas Industrial Development Commission, now Arkansas Economic Development Commission 1955, AR Republican National Committeeman 1961-1964, candidate for Governor AR 1964, defeated, Governor AR 1967-1971, becoming first Republican elected Governor AR since 1872, candidate for reelection Governor AR 1970, defeated

Brother of David Rockefeller, Served as a secretary to New York City Mayor Republican Fiorello La Guardia, became assistant regional director of the U.S. Office of Defense, Health and Welfare Services. Served as chairman and chief executive of Chase Manhattan Corporation, and in a private capacity, has interfaced with every United States President since Eisenhower. Has at times served as an unofficial emissary on high level diplomatic missions.  

Uncle of John D Rockefeller IV, known as Jay, Worked for Peace Corps in Washington DC under President John F Kennedy, worked in U.S. Department of Far Eastern Affairs, worked in Service to America under President Lyndon B Johnson 1964-1965 during which time he moved to West Virginia, became a Democrat in 1966, trustee of New York's Asia Society, member of  Council on Foreign Relations, member WV House of Delegates 1966-1968, Secretary of State WV 1969-1973, candidate for Governor WV 1972, defeated, Governor WV 1977-1985, U.S. Senate WV 1985-2015.  Married to Sharon Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator for IL Republican Chuck Percy.  

Uncle of Laurance Rockefeller Jr, known as Larry, Ran unsuccessfully for Republican nomination for 1992 U.S. Senate election in New York, is co-founder and was a former vice chair of New York League of Conservation Voters (NYLCV), worked for Natural Resources Defense Council for 25 years and has served as a trustee of the organization, served as a member of the Palisades Interstate Park Commission for 27 years, has been a member for three years of "VISTA" Volunteers In Service To America, which is dedicated to the fight against poverty in the United States, (VISTA has often been called The Domestic Peace Corps)    

Uncle of Winthrop Paul Rockefeller, AR State Police Commission 1981-1995, appointed by President George H W Bush to serve on the President’s Council on Rural America and was elected chairman, Lieutenant Governor AR 1996-2006

Grandson of Nelson W Aldrich, Providence RI City Council 1869-1874, President Providence RI City Council 1872-1873, RI State House of Representatives 1875-1876, Speaker RI State House of Representatives 1876, U.S. House of Representatives RI 1879-1881, U.S. Senate RI 1881-1911, Chairman National Monetary Commission 1908-1912

Nephew of Richard S Aldrich, RI State House of Representatives 1914-1916, RI State Senate 1916-1918, U.S. House of Representatives RI 1923-1933  

Nephew of Winthrop W Aldrich, U.S. Ambassador to United Kingdom 1953-1957
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1930 Graduated cum laude with A.B. (Bachelor of Arts degree) in economics from Dartmouth College

Following graduation worked in a number of family-related businesses, including Chase National Bank, later Chase Manhattan, 1931, Rockefeller Center, Inc., joining Board of Directors 1931, serving as President, 1938–1945, 1948–1951, Chairman, 1945–1953, 1956–1958, and Creole Petroleum, the Venezuelan subsidiary of Standard Oil of New Jersey, 1935–1940.  1932-1979 served as a trustee of the Museum of Modern Art. Served as Treasurer, 1935–1939, President, 1939–1941, 1946–1953. He and his four brothers established the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, a philanthropy, in 1940. Served as trustee, 1940–1975, 1977–1979, President 1956.

1933-1953 Member Westchester County, NY Board of Health

1940 Appointed by President Roosevelt to new position of Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (CIAA) in the Office of Inter-American Affairs (OIAA)
 
Dec 20 1944-Aug 17 1945 Assistant Secretary of State for American Republic Affairs under Presidents Roosevelt and Truman

1945 Member U.S. delegation at United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco.  Instrumental in persuading the UN to establish its headquarters in New York City.

1945-1953, 1956-1958 Chairman Rockefeller Center, Inc

1946 Established American International Association for Economic and Social Development (AIA)
 
1947 Established International Basic Economy Corporation (IBEC)

Intermittently served as President of both through 1958

1950  Appointed by President Truman Chairman International Development Advisory Board

1952 President-Elect Eisenhower asked Rockefeller to Chair the President's Advisory Committee on Government Organization to recommend ways of improving efficiency and effectiveness of the executive branch of the federal government. Recommendations led to creation of Department of Health, Education and Welfare.

Jun 11 1953-Dec 22 1954 Under Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare under Eisenhower

1954 Appointed Special Assistant to the President for Foreign Affairs (sometimes referred to as Special Assistant to the President for Psychological Warfare). As part of this responsibility named the President's representative on Operations Coordinating Board, a committee of the National Security Council.

Mar 1955 Proposed creation of Planning Coordination Group, a small high level group that would plan and develop national security operations, both overt and covert. The group consisted of Undersecretary of State, Deputy Secretary of Defense, Director of the CIA, and Special Assistant Rockefeller as chairman. The group's purpose was to oversee CIA operations and other anti-communist actions. However, State Department officials and CIA Director Allen Dulles refused to cooperate with the group and its initiatives were stymied or ignored. In Sep Rockefeller recommended the abolishment of the PCG, and in Dec resigned as Special Assistant to the President.

1956 Created Special Studies Project, a major seven-panel planning group directed by Henry Kissinger and funded by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, of which he was then President. It was an ambitious study created to define the central problems and opportunities facing the U.S. in the future, and to clarify national purposes and objectives. The reports were published individually as they were released and were republished together in 1961 as Prospect for America: The Rockefeller Panel Reports.

The Special Studies Project came into national prominence with the early release of its military subpanel's report, whose principal recommendation was a massive military buildup to counter a then perceived military superiority threat posed by the USSR. The report was released two months after the Oct 1957 launch of Sputnik, and its recommendations were fully endorsed by Eisenhower in his Jan 1958 State of the Union address.

1956 Resigned federal service to focus on NY state and national politics

Sep 1956-Apr 1958 Chaired  Temporary State Commission on Constitutional Convention, Chairmanship of Special Legislative Committee on Revision and Simplification of the Constitution

1958, 1962, 1966, 1970 Republican Party candidate Governor NY, elected

Jan 1 1959–Dec 18 1973 Governor NY

1960 Candidate for Republican Presidential nomination, lost to Richard Nixon. After quitting the campaign, Rockefeller backed Nixon, and concentrated his efforts on introducing more moderate planks into Nixon's platform. Consequently, The Treaty of Fifth Avenue, an agreement reached between U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon and New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller was worked out at Rockefeller's Fifth Avenue apartment in New York City in July 1960.

1960 Asked by Republican nominee for President U.S. Richard Nixon to become Vice Presidential nominee, declined

1964 Candidate for Republican Presidential nomination, lost to Barry Goldwater

1967 Publicly supported MI Governor George Romney for Republican Presidential nomination

Feb 28 1968 Governor George Romney withdraws from race for Republican Presidential nomination

1968 Rather than formally announce his candidacy and enter the state primaries, Rockefeller spent first half of 1968 alternating between hints that he would run, and pronouncements that he would not be a candidate. Shortly before the Republican convention, Rockefeller finally let it be known he was available to be the nominee, and sought to round up uncommitted delegates and woo reluctant Richard Nixon delegates to his banner, armed with public opinion polls that showed him doing better among voters than either Richard Nixon or Ronald Reagan against Democratic Presidential nominee Vice President Hubert Humphrey. Nixon easily defeated both Reagan and Rockefeller.

1969 At request of President Nixon, Rockefeller and a team of 23 advisors visited 20 American republics during four trips to solicit opinions of U.S. inter-American policies and to determine the needs and conditions of each country

1973-1976 President Nixon appointed Rockefeller chairman of the National Commission on Water Quality, charged with determining the technological, economic, social and environmental implications of meeting water quality standards mandated by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972

Oct 10 1973 Vice President Spiro Agnew resigns from office and pleads no contest to criminal charges of tax evasion while Governor of Maryland

Nov 1973 Worked with former Delaware Governor Russell W Peterson to establish Commission on Critical Choices for Americans

Dec 18 1973 Resigned as Governor NY to work at the Commission on Critical Choices for Americans

Nov 1973-Dec 1974 Chairman Commission on Critical Choices for Americans

[Lincoln Republican]

1976 Continued

Nelson Rockefeller Continued

1974 Was initially mentioned and reportedly considered running for President for a fourth time in 1976, if Ford declined to seek his own term

Following President Nixon's resignation as President Aug 9, 1974, Vice President Ford became President. President Ford nominated Rockefeller Aug 20, 1974 to serve as Vice President U.S. Rockefeller's top competitors had been George H W Bush and Donald Rumsfeld.

This was not the first time that Rockefeller was under consideration to fill the Vice Presidential vacancy. He was on President Nixon's short list to replace Spiro Agnew in 1973 but the Vice Presidency ultimately went to Gerald Ford. If Rockefeller had been confirmed as Vice President as Nixon's nominee, Rockefeller would have become President upon Nixon's resignation. Rockefeller had earlier declined the opportunity of serving as Vice President when he spurned Nixon's offer to join him as running mate in the 1960 Presidential election.

While acknowledging that many conservatives opposed Rockefeller, Ford believed he would bring executive expertise to the administration and broaden the ticket's appeal if they ran in 1976. Ford also felt he could demonstrate his own self-confidence by selecting a strong personality like Rockefeller for the number two spot.

Rockefeller was also persuaded by Ford's promise to make him "a full partner" in his Presidency, especially in domestic policy

Dec 19 1974 Sworn in as Vice President U.S., becoming the second unelected Vice President of the United States after Gerald Ford. Sworn into office by Chief Justice Warren Burger.

Dec 19, 1974–Jan 20, 1977 41st Vice President U.S. under Gerald Ford

With the moderate Ford facing continued difficulty in securing the support of conservative Republicans for the 1976 Presidential nomination, and anticipating a challenge from the conservative Ronald Reagan, he considered the possibility of another running mate, and discussed it with Rockefeller. In November, 1975, Rockefeller offered to withdraw. Ford eventually concurred.

After Ford was nominated at the 1976 Republican National Convention, Ronald Reagan, Barry Goldwater, and other prominent conservatives conditioned their support for Ford on his selection of a suitable Vice Presidential nominee. Ford considered several candidates, including moderate-to-liberal Republicans such as William Ruckelshaus, and moderate-to-conservative Republicans including Senator Robert Dole, and eventually decided upon Dole as the most acceptable to conservatives.

As of 2012, Ford is the last incumbent President to not have his incumbent Vice President as his running mate

1976 Rockefeller campaigned actively for the Republican ticket. Ford lost narrowly to Jimmy Carter.

Jan 10 1977, President Ford presented Rockefeller with the Presidential Medal of Freedom

Second Lady of the United States Happy Rockefeller 1974-1977

Was a great-great-granddaughter of Union General George Gordon Meade, the commander at the Battle of Gettysburg, and his wife Margaretta Sergeant, daughter of politician John Sergeant.

Eugene McCarthy MN Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party, Independent, Democratic

Graduated from Saint John's Preparatory School, Collegeville, Minnesota in 1931. Was a 1935 graduate of Saint John's University in Collegeville, Minnesota. Earned his master's degree from the University of Minnesota in 1939.

Taught in various public schools in Minnesota and North Dakota from 1935 to 1940, when he became a professor of economics and education at St. John's, working there from 1940 to 1943

1944 Civilian technical assistant in the Military Intelligence Division of War Department

1946-1949 An instructor in sociology and economics at the College of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota

Jan 3 1949–Jan 3 1959 U.S. House of Representatives MN

Jan 3 1959-Jan 3 1971 U.S. Senate MN

1964 Met with Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara in New York City to discuss repairing relations between the U.S. and Cuba

1968 Presidential election was the first candidate to challenge incumbent Lyndon B. Johnson for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States, running on an anti-Vietnam War platform. The unexpected vote total he achieved in the New Hampshire primary and his strong polling in the upcoming Wisconsin primary led Johnson to withdraw from the race, and lured Robert F. Kennedy into the contest. Fellow Minnesotan US Vice President Hubert Humphrey also entered the race after Johnson's withdrawal.  Vice President Hubert Humphrey would go on to win the Democratic Presidential nomination.
 
Although McCarthy did not win the Democratic nomination, the anti-war "New Party", which ran several candidates for President that year, listed him as their nominee on the ballot in Arizona, and he was a write-in candidate in California

The Vice Presidential running mate for McCarthy varied from state to state

1972 Candidate for Democratic Presidential nomination, lost to George McGovern

After the 1972 campaign, left the Democratic Party and became an Independent

1976 Independent candidate for President U.S., lost to Jimmy Carter

The Vice Presidential running mate for McCarthy varied from state to state

1980 Dismayed by what he saw as the abject failure of the Jimmy Carter Presidency, appeared in a campaign ad for Libertarian candidate Ed Clark, and also wrote the introduction to Clark's campaign book. Eventually endorsed Republican candidate Ronald Reagan for the Presidency.

1982 Ran for Democratic Party nomination U.S Senate MN, lost

1988 Name appeared on the ballot as the Presidential candidate of a handful of left-wing state parties, such as the Consumer Party in Pennsylvania and the Minnesota Progressive Party in Minnesota

1992 Returned to Democratic Party, entered the New Hampshire primary and campaigned for the Democratic Presidential nomination, lost to Bill Clinton

Florence Rice NY Independent

1960s Founder of the Harlem Consumer Education Council, Inc. It is a private, non-profit, consumer advocacy organization, established to address issues of poverty, neglect, and exploitation confronting poor and low-income citizens in New York City's Harlem community.

Was an early champion for abortion rights for women

Worked as a domestic seamstress

Became a member of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union

1962 Participated in a congressional hearing held by Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., which probed discriminatory union policies and practices towards African Americans and Latinos. Testified regarding the situation in the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union.

Was a member of ILGWU Local 155

The Harlem Consumer Education Council waged boycotts and picket lines against many Harlem grocery stories that would not hire African Americans. Rice also challenged corporations that discriminated against African Americans. One of her biggest victories was against the New York State Public Service Commission, which was forced to stop charging low-income residents pre-installation fees.

Organized Harlem housewives to check store prices and products

A Board Director member for the Consumer Federation of America

In the early days of the women’s movement, Rice was a long-time friend and activist associate of Florynce Kennedy

1970s Rice was appointed Special Consultant to the Consumer Advisory Council of the Federal Reserve Board

Has taught consumer education at Malcolm-King Harlem College

1975 Was an Official Member of the United States Delegation to the World Congress of the International Women's Year in Berlin

1976  Was a representative to the United Nations Congress of Non-Governmental Organizations

1976 One of the candidates for Vice President U.S. who ran with Independent Presidential candidate Eugene McCarthy, lost

I990s Was the initiator for the creation of the Bell Atlantic Technology Center in Harlem. The Center's focus was getting the latest technology in the hands of students, senior citizens, and the community.

1998 Rice, and other community activists in New York City challenge Reverend Calvin Butts' endorsement of George Pataki for Governor

1999 Rice, community activists, and Con Edison workers protested outside of Con Edison annual shareholders' meeting at Madison Square Garden protesting the shutting down of customer service office in Harlem

2000s Again confronted social justice issues, when her apartment was gutted. States that her apartment was gutted under the guise of renovating it, and trying to force her out of her apartment. Her apartment was destroyed.

Nov 26, 2004, in New York, a bill was put in place, and a Proclamation given to Ms. Florence Rice. The bill was named in her honor. Her battle with landlords set off many demonstrations and brought awareness to unwarranted evictions of elderly citizens.

2014 Launched the War on Seniors Campaign. This campaign is a six-month campaign, whereas every year from April to October efforts are made to address issues that relate to senior citizens.

Hosts a weekly show 30 Minutes With Florence Rice on Manhattan Neighborhood Network

Is the recipient of the following awards

Lane Bryant Award for volunteer Service
Sojourner Truth Award
Ophelia DeVore Award for Community Service
National Urban League Frederick Douglass Award
Consolidated Edison Better Business Award
Josephine Shaw Lowell Award
New York Consumer Assembly Prestigious Special Award
Harold C. Burton Republican Club's 1977 Woman of the Year Award

Jun 29 2006 Was interviewed and became a part of The HistoryMakers