Funnily enough, among the Gulf monarchies it was Qatar along w/Oman who first established trade relations with Israel around 2000. The Qataris suspended them in 2008 because of Israeli military operations…in Gaza.
Oddly enough, the GCC member that has been the most consistently opposed to ties with Israel happens to be Kuwait. I find it somewhat interesting, considering the staunch backing Saddam had from the Palestinians when he invaded Kuwait. While Kuwait did get revenge against its own Palestinian population, it has remained firmly opposed to talking with Israel. Anyone know why that is?
1) unlike the others Kuwait has semi-democratic institutions and the National Assembly actually wields significant power and can channel public opposition to normalization, and they have a relatively high degree of free speech and accept of informal political gatherings (diwaniyya) which means Kuwaiti civil society has been able to pressure the government against normalization.
2) despite the expulsion of most Palestinians after the Iraqi occupation they still have one of the Gulf’s largest Palestinian communities with around 80,000 Palestinian residents, which is well-integrated and influential.
3) their Emir is personally dedicated to Arab nationalism and Muslim solidarity, which seems to be for ideological reasons.