What's the non refugee Palestinian population? Is there a non-refugee Palestinian population at all? Or would such people just be called Jordanians?
They are "ethnically Palestinian" Jordanians and virtually all of them live in Amman and in a couple of towns in the eastern part of the country - mainly in Zarqa.
When Jordan was in control of the West Bank (which was sometimes called Cisjordan) from 1948 to 1967, Palestinians who were originally from the West Bank (as opposed to those who fled/were driven out of Israel proper) were given Jordanian citizenship. My dad's family acquired Jordanian citizenship in this manner. After 1967, a sizable number of those Palestinian-Jordanians relocated to Jordan proper. The Jordanian government didn't like this so they started revoking the citizenship of people from the West Bank, which is why many people experienced the phenomenon of going from being a Jordanian citizen living in the West Bank to being a stateless refugee living in Jordan.
The "native" Jordanians (those who never lived or had family ancestry west of the Jordan River) are almost exclusively rural. They live in the western part of the country and in smaller cities like Irbid.