However the studies I highlighted among others suggested that the inclination towards a spiritualistic or empirical view of the world could be very much hard wired. If some people more than others are inclined towards an inbuilt ‘disbelief’ if you will, whether to God or Zeus or the zodiac or whatever then that may simply be who they are. If there isn’t a god, then of course it doesn’t matter. If there is, then it presents a challenge to theists.
Not really. A Calvinist could point to those studies as an indicator of the validity of the doctrine of
unconditional election. While it does provide a challenge to some religious theologies, just as it does to some secular philosophical schools, to say it provides a challenge to theists in general is definitely overstating the case. At most, maybe it challenges those theists whose theology you tend to dislike least.
