List of Alternate Presidents

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¹The 'First Republic' refers to the United States under the Articles of Confederation.
²The Constitution of 1812 would retain most of the features of the Constitution of 1787, although it also made a few crucial modifications to the workings of government. Drawn up by a Republican majority in the constitutional convention, it explicitly barred the Supreme Court from utilizing 'judicial review', mandated the election of the President and Vice President on a single ticket, banned the international slave trade, ended lifetime tenure for members of the Supreme Court, and gave the states the ability to nullify federal law if 2/3rds of the states concurred.
³The Constitution of 1837 would be a major democratic advance in some areas, but an outright retrogression in others. For starters, citizenship would now be constitutionally limited to whites only, a definite retrogression. But on the flipside, universal white male suffrage was ensured at age 21, and all property restrictions on voting and holding office were definitively wiped out. The controversial nullification provision of the 1812 Constitution was removed after some wrangling. The President would now be elected by popular vote, as well. Slavery was explicitly protected in areas where it already existed.
⁴Died in office. As per the Constitution of 1837, Vice President John Tyler became Acting President and a new election was scheduled to fill the vacancy in 1842.
⁵Died in office.
⁶The Constitution of 1862 was the greatest single advance for democracy in the United States up to that point. Suffrage was according to all men over 21, regardless of race, and all persons, regardless of color or race, were declared citizens. Slavery was explicitly prohibited, and the federal government empowered to raise an income tax for the first time.
⁷Assassinated.
⁸Assassinated.
⁹The Constitution of 1887 held the line on most of the democratic advances of 1837 and 1862. The President was limited to a single, six year term as a result of this constitution, and the federal government was explicitly given the power to regulate commerce. Civil service reforms were also enshrined into the U.S. Constitution.
¹⁰Assassinated.
¹¹The Constitution of 1912 saw another democratic advance. The Presidency was weakened and forced into a power-sharing agreement with the House, which henceforth gained control of the cabinet and would be headed by a 'First Secretary', modeled on the British Prime Minister. The Presidential veto was done away with and transferred to the Senate, but modified so as to be a suspensive veto, unless all members of the Senate concurred, in which case a piece of legislation could be vetoed outright. Initiatives, referendums, and recall were implemented at the federal level as well.
¹²The Constitution of 1937 reflected the growing strength of organized labor and the democratic struggle ongoing in the United States. The Presidency was stripped of virtually all its powers, the position of Vice President abolished (in the event of a presidential death, the First Secretary would serve as acting President), and the power to elect the President transferred from the public to both the House and Senate, provided they could agree to elect a person with a 2/3rds vote in each, effectively rendering the spot a ceremonial one for noncontroversial figures who could act as 'promoter-in-chief' of the nation abroad and for foreign dignitaries. The House was also empowered to override Senatorial absolute vetoes, which were weakened. A referendum was required for any use of military force, and in the House, state districts were replaced with statewide at-large elections for all representatives. Lifetime tenure on the Supreme Court was replaced with a single term of 12 years, and all lower level judges were made electable.
¹³Died in office.
¹⁴Died in office.
¹⁵Deposed in an intra-party coup. Marcantonio was viewed by many within the Labor Party as being 'too close to Paris' (the center of the European Federation of Workers' and Farmers' Council Republics, or EFWFCR) and was replaced by center-right Laborite Hubert Humphrey, a change that was also reflected in the election of Frank Sinatra to the Presidency.
¹⁶The Ninth Republic would represent another great democratic advance. The Presidency was made officially nonpartisan, while the Senate was abolished and the House given its powers. The Supreme Court was opened up to election, and the rights of sexual and racial minorities were given greater protections under the law.
¹⁷Died in office.
¹⁸An investigative journalist whose nomination for President nonetheless sparked controversy owing to his being the son of a previous President.
¹⁹In a surprising move, the Democratic-controlled Congress nominated noted conservative Laborite and folksinger John Cash for President in an attempt to win back sections of the working class it had lost over the past decade to the growing Labor Party.
²⁰Controversial in part because he was a Kennedy and in part because he was a sitting Roman Catholic priest.
²¹The nomination of a prominent member of the Communist Party and beloved actor for the Presidency would spark heated debate when former Communist Angela Davis announced Reagan as her pick for President in 1984.
²²The Constitution of 1987 abolished the Presidency, reduced the term of judges from 12 years to six, and introduced proportional representation in the House of Representatives, which was renamed the National Assembly. It likewise created 'citizen oversight councils' with the ability to monitor bureaucracies, hold politicians to account, and veto legislation.
²³Fictional person. Albert 'Bert' Sinatra is the child of former President Frank Sinatra and former First Lady Billie Holiday Sinatra.
²⁴George Paul, noted libertarian socialist, is the son of former Labor Party Congressman Ron Paul, also a noted libertarian socialist. He's named after Henry George.
²⁵With a historic agreement between Labor Party leader John Cena and Communist leader Dwayne "The Boulder" Johnson, the constitutional convention of 2012 voted unanimously to transfer all organs of state power to workers' and farmers' councils, which had gradually absorbed more state power over the years since the rise to prominence of the Labor and Communist parties. While there was some resistance to this from members of the capitalist class, said resistance was more or less dealt with when the Communist and Labor party paramilitaries (dubbed 'the People's Champions' by Johnson) intervened to ensure a swift transfer of power to the councils.

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Presidents of the United States, 1861-1945
16. Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois) 1861-65
17. George McClellan (D-New Jersey) 1865-73
18. Jeremiah Black (D-Pennsylvania) 1873-81
19. Winfield S. Hancock (D-Pennsylvania) 1881¹
20. William H. English (D-Indiana) 1881-85
21. James G. Blaine (R-Maine) 1885-89
22. Grover Cleveland (D-New York) 1889-93
23. James G. Blaine (R-Maine) 1893-97
24. William J. Bryan (People's-Nebraska) 1897-1901²
25. Adlai E. Stevenson I (P-Illinois) 1901-09
26. John A. Johnson (P-Minnesota) 1909-13
27. Theodore Roosevelt (D-New York) 1913-21
28. A. Mitchell Palmer (P-Pennsylvania) 1921-23³
29. Samuel Ralston (P-Indiana) 1923-29
30. William R. Hearst (P-New York) 1929-33
31. Herbert Hoover (D-Iowa) 1933-45⁴
32. John W. Bricker (D-Ohio) 1945<sup>5

1</sup>Assassinated.
²Assassinated.
³Assassinated.
⁴Executed by firing squad following the fall of Philadelphia
⁵Signed the surrender of the U.S. government, subsequently executed by firing squad

Presidents of the Confederacy, 1861-1937
1. Jefferson Davis (D-Mississippi) 1861-67
2. Alexander Stephens (D-Georgia) 1867-73
3. Robert E. Lee (Whig-Virginia) 1873-79
4. Richard Coke (W-Texas) 1879-85
5. James B. Eustis (W-Louisiana) 1885-91
6. Fitzhugh Lee (W-Virginia) 1891-97
7. Simon B. Buckner (D-Kentucky) 1897-1903
8. Benjamin Tillman (D-South Carolina) 1903-09
9. Thomas Wilson (W-Virginia) 1909-15
10. Carter Glass (D-Virginia) 1915-21
11. William McAdoo (W-Georgia) 1921-27
12. Cordell Hull (D-Tennessee) 1927-33
13. John Nance Garner (D-Texas) 1933-37<sup>1

1</sup>Overthrown and executed in the Revolution of 1937, which resulted in the execution of leading Confederate politicians by the Majoritarian Faction of the Southern Social Democratic Labor Party, later renamed the Communist Party of the Confederacy of Council Socialist States (CCSS).

Chairmen of the Politburo of the Confederacy of Council Socialist States, 1937-2011
Huey Long (Communist Party) 1937-44¹
Triumvirate: Earl Long, Angelo Herndon, Richard Wright (Communist Party) 1944-47
Earl Long (Communist Party) 1947-73²
Triumvirate: Malcolm King, Henry Howell, Angela Davis (Communist Party) 1973
Malcolm King (Communist Party) 1973-85
George Wallace (Communist Party) 1985-2002³
John Cash (Communist Party) 2002-04⁴
Strom Thurmond (Communist Party) 2004-05⁵
Elizabeth Warren (Communist Party) 2005-2011<sup>6

1</sup>Died in office.
²Died in office.
³Died in office.
⁴Died in office.
⁵Died in office.
⁶Reformist who promoted a transition to a market economy. Instability and social unrest ultimately led to the collapse of the CCSS in 2011, during the 'American Autumn.'

Presidents of the Confederacy of American States, 2011-
1. Rick Perry (Independent-TX) 2011-<sup>1

1</sup>Declared the independence of Texas in 2011 and subsequently began talks for the formation of a new successor state to the CCSS, which became the CAS, a sort of authoritarian backwater. The CAS encompasses most of the former CCSS, although the bigger northern states which were conquered during the Great Patriotic War have resisted joining and declared their own republics. The CAS has privatized pretty much the entirety of the CCSS economic base and has enacted retrograde legislation on women's rights (banning abortion), gay rights (banning same-sex marriages, which had been legal since the Huey Long ministry), and repealing anti-discrimination ordinances. This, in addition to the dissolution of the CAS Congress by Perry in 2014, with the use of tanks, has led many to believe that the upcoming 2016 Presidential Election may not actually occur...

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Libertarian Republicans, Populist Democrats?^

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16. Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois) 1861-65¹
17. Andrew Johnson (D-Tennessee) 1865-69
18. Ulysses S. Grant (R-Illinois) 1869-77
19. Rutherford B. Hayes (R-Ohio) 1877-81
20. Winfield S. Hancock (D-Pennsylvania) 1881-86²
21. Thomas F. Bayard (D-Delaware) 1886-89³
22. Robert T. Lincoln (R-Illinois) 1889-91⁴
23. Chauncey Depew (R-New York) 1891-97
24. William J. Bryan (D-Nebraska) 1897-1903⁵
25. John T. Morgan (D-Alabama) 1903-05⁶
26. William H. Taft (R-Ohio) 1905-09
27. Benjamin R. Tillman (D-South Carolina) 1909-17⁷
28. T. Woodrow Wilson (D-New Jersey) 1917-21⁸
29. Theodore Roosevelt (R-New York) 1921-29⁹
30. D.C. Stephenson (D-Indiana) 1929-37
31. William F. "Big Bill" Knox (R-Illinois) 1937-44¹⁰
32. Arthur Vandenberg (R-Michigan) 1944-51¹¹
33. Earl Warren (R-California) 1951-53
34. Richard Russell (D-Georgia) 1953-57
35. Goodwin Knight (R-California) 1957-61
36. Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. (D-Massachusetts) 1961-69¹²
37. George Wallace (D-Alabama) 1969-77¹³
38. Cassius M. Clay, Jr. (Workers'-Kentucky) 1977-85<sup>14

1</sup>Assassinated.
²Died in office.
³First Secretary of State to ascend to the office owing to the death of the President and Vice President (Thomas Hendricks had died in 1885).
⁴Assassinated.
⁵Resigned. Bryan had stormy relations with the Republican Congress, which threatened to impeach the President following a scandal.
⁶The second Secretary of State to ascend to the Presidency, as Vice President Stevenson had resigned amid the same scandal that did in President Bryan. Wildly unpopular for his pardon of Bryan, Morgan was also the target of animosity for his role as a Confederate general during the Civil War. He would be defeated in a close race for re-election against reformer William Taft in 1904.
⁷The 'Great Old Man' of the Democratic Party, Tillman would succeed where others had failed in reversing some of the Reconstruction policies implemented by the GOP, including undoing much of the work toward bringing black Americans into the industrial economy. He was an unreconstructed racist and sought to destroy the institutions of radical democracy in the South and across the country while President.
⁸Tillman's intellectual foil, Wilson continued the policies of his predecessor while President, although he promised 'compassionate and kind' government as opposed to the raw conservatism of his former boss.
⁹A 'New Republican' that embraced white supremacy and effectively distanced himself from the racial liberalism of his fore bearers, Roosevelt also adopted a more conservative economic and social agenda, expanding the size of the U.S. military to be more responsive to threats from European powers in the Western hemisphere.
¹⁰Died in office.
¹¹Another Secretary of State turned President. Died in office before completing his second term as President, elevating Vice President Earl Warren to the Presidency.
¹²The first Democratic President to officially denounce white supremacy (mostly thanks to shifts in public policy from Knox onward), Kennedy would preside over a reorganization of the Democratic Party as the party of middle class, white America, winning over white protestants in the North that had traditionally voted Republican and cementing a coalition of these voters with upper class whites and wealthier Southern whites that had traditionally voted Democratic.
¹³Kennedy's Vice President, Wallace was initially popular for his ability to win over black voters, a traditionally Republican bloc. However, the public quickly soured on Wallace with tensions rising over the administration's game of cat and mouse with the Cooperative Commonwealth of Britain, leading to the defeat of the Democratic Party in the 1976 Presidential Election by the Workers' Party, the first time a major party had lost out to a third party since 1860.
¹⁴The first black President and first member of the Workers Party elevated to the Oval Office, Clay made a name for himself as a boxer and labor organizer before entering politics, winning election to Congress as a Republican in the 1960s before moving far to the left in the early part of the 1970s. As President, Clay would have to deal with an attempt by white supremacist Democrats (still a vital part of the political field, in spite of Kennedy's attempts to modernize the party) to orchestrate a coup against the WP-controlled government in 1977, leading to the Second American Civil War, which would last from 1977 until 1981, with the capture of rebel-held Charleston by the reorganized US Army (now a coalition of red guards, anarchist militia, and labor union defense guards). During his second term, Clay would work with Congress to pass a constitutional amendment that would void the existing constitution and establish the 'Workers' and Farmers' Commonwealth of America' (WFCA), and would resign from his post upon the ratification of that amendment in 1985.

Premiers of the Workers' and Farmers' Commonwealth of America, 1985-
Cassius M. Clay, Jr. (Workers'-Kentucky) 1985
Angela Davis (W-Alabama) 1985-89
Barbara Garson (Libertarian-New York) 1989-93¹
R.J. "Jack" Santorum (W-Allegheny) 1993-95²
Ronald E. "Ernie" Paul (L-Texas) 1995-99³
Christine O'Donnell (L-Delaware) 1999-2003⁴
Edward Asner (W-Missouri) 2003-07
Ronald E. "Ernie" Paul (L-Texas) 2007-09
Bruce Springsteen (W-New Jersey) 2009-13
Kelly Clarkson (L-Texas) 2013-

¹That would be 'Libertarian' in the proper sense of the word, i.e. social anarchist. The Workers' Party would be challenged in the immediate aftermath of the successful revolutionary period by a host of new parties, some of which chided the WP for being a 'party of philistines', such as the Libertarian Party, which sought to reduce the size of the state to a point where workers' militias could drown it in a bath tub.
²State lines were redrawn after the assumption of power by workers' councils (as directed following the constitutional convention in the 1980s). Allegheny is roughly the western half of what used to be Pennsylvania, and Jack Santorum was hailed as a modernizer within the WP, embracing traditionally 'anarchist' social issues oriented politics, forcing through legal recognition of same-sex and group marriages while Premier and striking out those remaining restrictions on the right of women to an abortion. He also notably took up the anarchists' anti-clerical campaign, engaging in a public propaganda assault on the Roman Catholic church especially while in office.
³With the WP stealing a lot of the anarchists' fire, Premier Paul would focus on smashing the state in earnest and devolving more power to workers' councils and away from the central government. In spite of his record as a dove while in his own home workers' council, Paul would also authorize a full-on assault against Ultraroyalist France during his term in office after an incident between WFCA and French vessels in the Atlantic that left a few hundred WFCA sailors dead.
⁴O'Donnell would finish the war with France, presiding over the leveling of Paris with 'rods from god' (i.e. kinetic energy weapons fired from space).

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32. Franklin Roosevelt (D-New York) 1933-45¹
33. Harold Stassen (R-Minnesota) 1945-49²
34. Dwight Eisenhower (D-Texas) 1949-57³
35. Adlai Stevenson (D-Illinois) 1957-61⁴
36. John F. Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) 1961⁵
37. Lyndon B. Johnson (D-Texas) 1961-65⁶
38. Nelson Rockefeller (R-New York) 1965-69
39. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr. (D-New York) 1969-73⁷
40. Nelson Rockefeller (R-New York) 1973-77
41. Adlai E. Stevenson III (D-Illinois) 1977-81⁸
42. Lloyd M. Bentsen (D-Texas) 1981-89⁹
43. Michael Dukakis (D-Massachusetts) 1989-93
44. Thomas Kean (R-New Jersey) 1993-2001¹⁰
45. Rod Blagojevich (D-Illinois) 2001-03¹¹
46. Robert Casey, Jr. (D-Pennsylvania) 2003-09
47. Bill Gates (D-Washington) 2009-13
48. Mitt Romney (R-Massachusetts) 2013-

¹Died in office.
²Ran on a national unity ticket with Roosevelt in 1944 against General Douglas MacArthur. Had stormy relations with the liberal 80th United States Congress that lead to his being impeached by the House and nearly convicted (short of one vote) by the Senate. Wildly unpopular, did not seek re-election in 1948, as neither party wanted to touch him with a 10 foot pole.
³Enacted much of his 'Fair Deal' agenda, but increasingly came up against a hostile Congress in doing so, especially when conservatives took back control of Congress in 1954 following a deep recession beginning in 1953.
⁴Lost the popular vote to Republican Nelson Rockefeller. A hung electoral college resulted in his being elected by Congress in return for an agreement with the Republicans not to press for liberal legislation while in office.
⁵Assassinated.
⁶Successfully pushed through civil rights legislation, which angered enough of the Democratic Party that he was denied a shot at the Presidency in 1964.
⁷Won thanks to the electoral college. Lost the popular vote to Rockefeller, who would return and defeat him for a second term in 1972.
⁸Assassinated.
⁹Noted 'reformer' who presided over the deregulation of much of the economy, a major anti-union drive by employers (backed by his administration) and the adoption of a more 'muscular' (i.e. anti-Soviet) foreign policy.
¹⁰Oversaw the U.S.-led war against the Soviet Union in 1997, which ended up making him unpopular at the close of the conflict and led to the worst defeat of the Republican Party since the 1930s in the 1998 midterm elections.
¹¹Assassinated.

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⁴O'Donnell would finish the war with France, presiding over the leveling of Paris with 'rods from god' (i.e. kinetic energy weapons fired from space).

Have you been reading Frank Miller's "The Dark Knight Strikes Again" recently?

I'm not familiar with it, no

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23. William T. Sherman (R-Ohio) 1889-97
24. Robert T. Lincoln (R-Illinois) 1897-1901
25. Thomas F. Bayard (D-Delaware) 1901-09
26. John Hay (R-DC) 1909-17
27. Philander C. Knox (R-Pennsylvania) 1917-25
28. Robert Lansing (D-New York) 1925-29
29. John K. Shields (D-Tennessee) 1929-37
30. Henry L. Stimson (R-New York) 1937-41
31. Jefferson Caffery (R-Louisiana) 1941¹
32. Claude A. Swanson (D-Virginia) 1941-45²
33. Prentice Cooper (D-Tennessee) 1945-49
34. Dwight D. Eisenhower (R-Texas) 1949-50³
35. Frank C. Moore (R-New York) 1950-53
36. Fred H. Brown (D-New Hampshire) 1953-57
37. Winthrop W. Aldrich (R-Rhode Island) 1957-61
38. Thomas L. Owens (R-Illinois) 1961-65⁴
39. Earl B. Ellington (D-Tennessee) 1965-69⁵
40. Matthew Ridgway (R-Pennsylvania) 1969-77
41. James A. "Jim" Rhodes (R-Ohio) 1977-81
42. Charles J. Carney (D-Ohio) 1981⁶
43. Anthony Scotto (D-New York) 1981-85
44. Mario Cuomo (D-New York) 1985-89
45. Richard Lugar (R-Indiana) 1989-93
46. Mario Cuomo (D-New York) 1993-97
47. George Voinovich (R-Ohio) 1997-2001⁷
48. George Pataki (R-New York) 2001-09
49. Donald Rumsfeld (R-Illinois) 2009-13
50. Chris Christie (R-New Jersey) 2013-

¹Assassinated.
²Ran on a National Unity ticket with Caffery in 1940.
³Assassinated.
⁴Assassinated.
⁵Ran on a National Unity ticket with Owens in 1960.
⁶Assassinated.
⁷Assassinated.

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28. Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive-New York) 1913-19¹
29. Hiram Johnson (P-California) 1919-21
30. James Cox (Democratic-Ohio) 1921-23²
31. Franklin Roosevelt (D-New York) 1923-25
32. Robert La Follette (Farmer-Labor-Wisconsin) 1925³
33. Burton K. Wheeler (FL-Montana) 1925-29
34. Al Smith (D-New York) 1929-33
35. Herbert Hoover (P-California) 1933-41
36. Wendell Willkie (D-Indiana) 1941-44⁴
37. Cordell Hull (D-Tennessee) 1944-49⁵
38. Thomas Dewey (P-New York) 1949-57
39. Earl Warren (P-California) 1957-61
40. Wayne Morse (FL-Oregon) 1961-63⁶
41. Hubert Humphrey (FL-Minnesota) 1963-69
42. Christine Washington (D-Wyoming) 1969-74⁷
43. John Haase (D-Ohio) 1974-77
44. Marjorie Dyer (P-Georgia) 1977-81
45. Robert Crutcher (FL-Texas) 1981-85
46. Melinda McCourt (D-New York) 1985-89
47. Olivia Miller (FL-Pennsylvania) 1989-93
48. Dianne Byers (P-Georgia) 1993-2001
49. William Bowman (Citizens-North Carolina) 2001-09
50. Alfonso Hutchison (American-Texas) 2009-17

¹Died in office.
²Died in office.
³Died in office.
⁴Died in office.
⁵Ascended to the Presidency while Secretary of State, owing to the death of Vice President Alva Adams in December 1941.
⁶Assassinated.
⁷Assassinated.

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32. Franklin D. Roosevelt (D-New York) 1933-41
33. Wendell L. Willkie (R-Indiana) 1941-44¹
34. Arthur H. Vandenberg (R-Michigan) 1944-51²
35. Earl Warren (R-California) 1951-53
36. Adlai E. Stevenson II (D-Illinois) 1953-61
37. John F. Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) 1961-63³
38. Stuart Symington (D-Missouri) 1963-69
39. George W. Romney (R-Michigan) 1969-73
40. Robert F. Kennedy (D-New York) 1973-81
41. Aubrey R. Lopez (Labor-California) 1981-89⁴
42. Paul Flowers (D-Washington) 1989-97⁴
43. Melvin De Soto (D-Alabama) 1997-2001⁴
44. Brian McCray (L-Mississippi) 2001-09⁴
45. Joshua Mollica (D-New York) 2009-13⁴
46. Teresa Burnett (L-Florida) 2013-21⁴
47. David Gutierrez (D-California) 2021-29⁴
48. Roy Howe (D-Pennsylvania) 2029-37⁴
49. Dawn Andreas (L-Texas) 2037-45⁴
50. Curtis DeLeon (L-Hawaii) 2045-49⁴
51. Edward McGee (D-Arizona) 2049-<sup>4

1</sup>Died in office.
²Became President owing to the vacancy of the Vice Presidency after the death of Charles McNary in 1944. Died in office.
³Assassinated.
⁴Fictional person.

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Presidents of the United States since 1913

28. Woodrow Wilson (D-New Jersey) 1913-22¹
29. Thomas Marshall (D-Indiana) 1922-25
30. John Weeks (R-Massachusetts) 1925-28¹
31. Charles Dawes (R-Illinois) 1928-37
32. William Murray (D-Oklahoma) 1937-43¹
33. Millard Tydings (D-Maryland) 1943-49
34. George Counts (Labor-New York) 1949-53
35. Millard Tydings (D-Maryland) 1953-58¹
36. Dean Acheson (D-Connecticut) 1958-61
37. Wayne Morse (L-Oregon) 1961-69
38. Richard Nixon (D-California) 1969-74²
39. Dean Acheson (D-Connecticut) 1974-77
40. Hugh Scott (D-Pennsylvania) 1977-81
41. Howard Hughes (L-Texas) 1981-89³
42. Irma Scott Epps (D-Hawaii) 1989-93³
43. Howard Hughes (L-Texas) 1993-98³¹
44. Mark Colson (L-Tennessee) 1998-2001³
45. Anne Frick (D-Florida) 2001-11³²
46. Paul Bledsoe (D-Michigan) 2011-17³
47. Linda Reed (L-Texas) 2017-26³¹
48. Angela Fitzgerald (L-North Carolina) 2026-29³
49. Gary Puckett (D-Tennessee) 2029-<sup>3

1</sup>Died in office.
²Resigned.
³Fictional person.

Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom, 1908-41

H.H. Asquith (Liberal) 1908-16
David Lloyd George (Liberal) 1916-18
Andrew Bonar Law (Conservative) 1918-23
Stanley Baldwin (Conservative) 1923-24
Ramsay MacDonald (Labour) 1924-29
Stanley Baldwin (Conservative) 1929-32
Oswald Moseley (British Union of Fascists) 1932-41<sup>1

1</sup>Moseley overthrown.

Primers of the Socialist Republic of Great Britain, 1941-

Harry Pollitt (Communist) 1941-45
Richard Acland (Common Wealth) 1945
Harry Pollitt (Communist) 1945-51
Clement Attlee (Labour) 1951-56
John Gollan (Communist) 1956-58
Aneurin Bevan (Labour) 1958-62
Harold Wilson (Labour) 1962-73
Michael Foot (Labour) 1973-78
Tony Benn (Labour) 1978-81
Aaron Powell (Communist) 1981-86¹
Eloise Hayward (Communist) 1986-88¹
Noah Simmons (Communist) 1988-93¹
Tony Benn (Labour) 1993-97
Joshua Cole (Communist) 1997-2002¹
James Chambers (Labour) 2002-07¹
Alfred Stephens (Labour) 2007-12¹
Taylor Ward (Communist) 2012-15¹
Jasmine Bevan (Labour) 2015-19¹
Logan Bradshaw (Labour) 2019-24¹
Freya Sims (Internationalist) 2024-31¹
Jack McLean (Communist) 2031-<sup>1

1</sup>Fictional person.

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Parliamentary U.S. from the get-go

The Philadelphia Convention creates a parliamentary system modeled closely on that of the British Isles, with the President serving the same role as the British King. The House of Representatives serves the same role of the House of Commons, and the Senate fills in for the House of Lords. Elections to Congress are held every fourth year, unless the First Secretary of the Cabinet (based in the House of Representatives, of course) decides to dissolve the chamber and call for early elections. Senators are appointed for life by members of state legislatures, at least initially.

First Secretaries of the United States of America
John Adams (Pro-Administration) 1789-92
Thomas Jefferson (Anti-Administration) 1792-96
John Adams (Federalist) 1796-1800
Thomas Jefferson (Republican) 1800-08
James Madison (Republican) 1808-15
James Monroe (Republican) 1815-24
John Q. Adams (National Republican) 1824-28
Andrew Jackson (Democratic) 1828-35
Martin Van Buren (Democratic) 1835-40
Henry Clay (Whig) 1840-44
James K. Polk (Democratic) 1844-48
Martin Van Buren (Democrat leading a Democratic-Free Soil coalition) 1848-52
Stephen Douglas (Democratic) 1852-56
James Sullivan¹ (Democrat leading a Democratic-American coalition) 1856-60
John Reid¹ (Liberty) 1860-62
James Seymour¹ (Liberty) 1862-68
David Tobin¹ (Liberty) 1868-76
Matthew Arcineaux¹ (American) 1876-80
Francis Roberts¹ (Liberty) 1880-84
Wilbert Whitley¹ (American) 1884-88
Garret Mason¹ (Liberty) 1888-92
Benjamin Graves¹ (American) 1892-96
Garret Mason¹ (Liberty) 1896-98
Joseph Dennison¹ (Liberty) 1898-1902
Ricardo Trujillo¹ (Liberty) 1902-10
Nicholas Curtis¹ (Liberty) 1910-12
Karl Bosch¹ (American) 1912-16
Nicholas Curtis¹ (Liberty leading a Liberty-Reform coalition) 1916-18
Susanna Williams¹ (Liberty) 1918-24
Russell Gold¹ (Liberty) 1924-30
Margaret Church¹ (Liberty) 1930-32
Rosa Rodriguez¹ (Workers') 1932-34
Christie O'Rourke¹ (Workers') 1934-36
Simon Webster¹ (Workers') 1936-40
Patricia Hernandez¹ (Workers') 1940-46
Ashley Leibowitz¹ (Liberty) 1946-48
Patricia Hernandez¹ (Workers') 1948-52
Ashley Leibowitz¹ (Liberty) 1952-54
Patricia Hernandez¹ (Workers') 1954-62
Donald Shockley¹ (Workers') 1962-70
Hunter Avery¹ (Workers') 1970-76
Jason Martinez¹ (Workers') 1976-88
Teresa Vasquez¹ (Workers') 1988-89
Jason Martinez¹ (Workers') 1989-94
Richard Ford¹ (Socialist) 1994-98
Kathy Johnson¹ (Socialist) 1998-2006
Kelsey Post¹ (Workers') 2006-10
James Montalvo¹ (Socialist) 2010-

¹Fictional person.

[TNF]

1961-1963: Richard M. Nixon / Henry C. Lodge (Republican)
1963-1965: Henry C. Lodge / vacant (Republican)
1965-1969: Henry C. Lodge / William E. Miller (Republican)
1969-1973: Hubert H. Humphrey / Ed S. Muskie (Democratic)
1973-1981: Gerald R. Ford / Robert J. Dole (Republican)
1981-1985: Robert J. Dole / George H.W. Bush (Republican)
1985-1993: Walter F. Mondale / Geraldine Ferraro (Democratic)
1993-1997: Robert J. Dole / Jack F. Kemp (Republican)
1997-2001: Jack F. Kemp / Richard B. Cheney (Republican)
2001-2009: Al Gore / Joe Lieberman (Democratic)
2009-2017: W. Mitt Romney / Paul Ryan (Republican)

[TNF]

Boulangist France + Fashoda incident = Victorian Great War in 1898

Presidents of the United States
25. William McKinley (R-Ohio) 1897-1905¹
26. Alton B. Parker (D-New York) 1905-13
27. Judson Harmon (D-Ohio) 1913-17
28. John W. Weeks (R-Massachusetts) 1917-26²
29. Charles G. Dawes (R-Illinois) 1926-37³
30. Henry S. Breckinridge (D-New York) 1937-45
31. Thomas E. Dewey (R-New York) 1945-50⁴
32. Earl Warren (R-California) 1950-53⁵
33. Richard Russell (D-Georgia) 1953-61⁶
34. Nelson Rockefeller (R-New York) 1961-65
35. George Wallace (D-Alabama) 1965-69⁷

Secretary-Generals of the Presidium of the United Socialist States of America
1. James Robertson (Socialist-California) 1969-74⁸

Secretary-Generals of the Presidium of the Federation of American Socialist Republics
1. James Robertson (Socialist Unity-United States) 1974-76⁹
2. Juan Posadas (Revolutionary Workers Party-Argentina) 1976-81¹⁰
3. Warren Beatty (Revolutionary Workers Party-United States) 1981-97<sup>11

1</sup>When the war starts in 1898, McKinley pledges to keep the U.S. out of the conflict, and runs for President on that very platform in 1900, defeating William Jennings Bryan. In 1901, he reverses course following an alleged violation of the Monroe Doctrine by the French, entering the war on the side of the Allies (Great Britain + Imperial Germany + Japan) against the French, Russians, and the Chinese. The war is settled by 1902 as a revolutionary uprising in France dislodges the government there, the Russians settle a separate peace with the British and the Germans, and the collapse of the Chinese government. The rest of McKinley's term is wracked with labor unrest and a Red Scare aimed at the emerging Socialist Party, coinciding with an economic depression that finally puts the Republicans out to pasture in 1904.

²Weeks was elected in the wake of the Great Crash of 1913, and as President he is credited with enacting a wide-ranging series of political and economic reforms, largely on account of the agitation of those most negatively affected by the Great Depression of that period. Also under Weeks, the Second Great War would erupt when neo-Boulangist France invaded Belgium, giving the United Socialist States of Europe (formerly Germany and a good chunk of central Europe, including northern Italy and some former Russian territories to the East) a pretext for intervention. Soon the complex alliance system of Europe yet again put war on the table, with Russia backing the French and the USSE finding an ally in Chen Duxiu's Union of East Asian Socialist Republics (UEASR). The British, for the time being, sat out the war, gleeful at the idea of both of their international rivals going at each other, while the Weeks administration gave tacit support to the French and Russians from afar. Adopting a policy of 'Armed Neutrality', Weeks would nevertheless end up sending U.S. troops into the conflict when the Japanese, allied with the French (but not the Russians) decided to take advantage of the conflict to secure access to raw materials in what Weeks considered the 'U.S. sphere of interest' in the Pacific. Citing a modified Monroe Doctrine (the 'Weeks Doctrine'), Weeks got a declaration of war from Congress in 1925, beginning the official entry of the United States as a third party player into the conflict. He would die a year into his third term in office.

³Dawes would oversee the conclusion of the Pacific War, ending in 1932 with the capitulation of the Japanese following a U.S. invasion of the home islands. Elsewhere, the Second Great War had already come to a close as the USSE and the UEASR, and their many allies among the oppressed sectors of the imperialist nations and the International Brigades, defeated the French and the Russians in 1931, bringing the conflict which had raged since 1923 to a close. The British, who had stayed neutral, payed the price for this, as now the red flag of the International flew from the shores of the Atlantic to the East China Sea, creating the single largest nation on earth, that of the Union of Eurasian Socialist Republics, or UESR. The UESR would waste no time in implementing a vigorous series of five year plans to restore the former belligerent powers to their maximum industrial capacity and make for the future waging of war with the remaining imperialist powers. The United States and the United Kingdom quickly forged an alliance, along with a restored Republic of Japan, to counteract the growth of communism under the Dawes administration.

This alliance would be tested in 1935, when tensions in Spain boiled over into a civil war between the communists in Catalonia and the capitalist backed monarchy in Madrid. The Spanish Civil War, which lasted from 1935 to 1938, ultimately produced a stalemate which lead to the division of Spain between the Kingdom of Spain and the Socialist Council Republic of Catalonia, which was explicitly prevented in the subsequent Treaty of Lisbon from becoming an integral part of the UESR.

⁴The 'little man on the wedding cake' was gunned down by (supposedly) pro-UESR Puerto Rican nationalists in 1950, operating from Cuba, then under U.S. occupation.

⁵With the body count rising higher and higher in the Cuban War, Warren was eventually forced not to seek a second term in 1952. The disintegration of the Republican Party between reformists like Warren and hardliners like Senator Bob Taft of Ohio, who would increasingly find their way to the (increasingly) right-wing, racist Democratic Party.

⁶Russell would be the first Southerner elected President since before the Civil War, and would come into office with a mandate to end the 'anarchy in the streets' being 'egged on' (in his view) by the Socialist Party, trade unionists, radical black activists, and Puerto Rican nationalists. Essentially forced into ending the War in Cuba by events (notably, the refusal of the draftee Army to fight), he was subsequently forced to sign off on a number of policy proposals by the growing left-wing in Congress, much to the disdain of his support base.

⁷The last President of the United States, Wallace would run on a platform of completely squashing the communist threat. When he actually got around to putting that platform into practice after losing the 1968 Presidential Election to Socialist candidate James Robertson, i.e. moving to arrest the leaders of the Socialist Party and use the military to shut down Appeal to Reason, the Socialist Party's flagship newspaper, in 1969, Socialists in control of New York and Chicago mobilized local divisions of the Sparticist League (the paramilitary arm of the party) to take full control of the key centers of the American population, declaring the United Socialist States of America. The subsequent Second American Civil War, or Third American Revolution resulted in Wallace being deposed and executed and the Third Great War, with the British and Japanese backing White Armies in the US and the UESR backing the Reds.

⁸Oversaw the successful Third American Revolution from 1969 to 1973, serving as General-Secretary of the USSA. Resigned his post in 1974 when the USSA was subsumed into the Federation of American Socialist Republics (FASR), based in Panama and encompassing most of both continents.

⁹As head of the FASR, Robertson promoted unity between the FASR and the UESR against the 'common enemy', the conjoined United Kingdom of Great Britain, Ireland, and Japan. The Third Great War inevitably wound down during his tenure however, with both sides hitting a standstill and the signing of a subsequent armistice between the warring powers in 1975.

¹⁰The founder of the FASR space program, General-Secretary Posadas saw the first intensive effort to modernize both the existing nuclear program of the FASR and its offworld holdings, culminating in the first permanent settlement crews arriving on 'the Red Planet' in 1979. He also provided a large amount of funding to the possibility of finding extraterrestrial life in the universe, overseeing the broadcast of a radio signal into space with that intent in the late 70s. In an embarrassing oversight for the FASR space program, the garbled message, which was supposed to say 'Hello, we are broadcasting from Earth,' actually was broadcast into space as 'ayy lmao.'

¹¹The longest serving leader of the FASR, Beatty saw the final conflict with the United Kingdom, beginning in 1993 and ending in 1997. With the complete destruction of the capitalist powers, the FASR and UESR stood supreme, and quickly began negotiations for a unified, world socialist government. These negotiations quickly yielded the birth of the International Working People's Association, a throwback to the First International and a nomenclature change reflecting the idea of not a nation-state or a federation of states, but a 'free association of producers'. Commentators called it the 'End of History', but in reality, history was just beginning, as the predatory stage of human development came to a close and a path toward socialist development had been opened up for the whole globe.

[TNF]

I assume Hoffa vanishes while going for a stroll one day, never to be heard from again. Boy, that'd make an interesting media frenzy, and I bet the electoral map for '72 would be interesting.

40 Acres and a Mule

16. Abraham Lincoln (Republican, then National Union-Illinois) 1861-65¹
17. Benjamin F. Butler (NU, then R-Massachusetts) 1865-73²
18. Charles F. Adams (Liberal Republican-Massachusetts) 1873-77³
19. Zachariah Chandler (R-Michigan) 1877-79³
20. Adelbert Ames (R-Mississippi) 1879-81⁴
21. James G. Blaine (Liberal-Maine) 1881-89⁵
22. Robert T. Lincoln (L-Illinois) 1889-93⁶
23. Horace Boies (R-Iowa) 1893-1901
24. Richard P. Bland (R-Missouri) 1901-09
25. William H. Taft (L-Ohio) 1909-17
26. Thomas R. Marshall (R-Indiana) 1917-25
27. James Simon (R-West Florida) 1925-29⁷
28. Thomas Ayers (L-New Hampshire) 1929-45⁷
29. Anne McDermott (L-Maryland) 1945-49⁷
30. Catherine Parker (R-California) 1949-57⁷
31. Martin Broussard (L-Dakota) 1957-65⁷
32. Maria Perez (R-Kansas) 1965-73⁷
33. Sandy Putnam (L-West Texas) 1973-77⁷
34. Gerald Sandoval (Working People's-West Florida) 1977-85⁷
35. Craig Hopkins (WP-North Carolina) 1985-89⁷
36. Bernadette Rivera (Liberal Republican-Utah) 1989-97⁷
37. Patricia Moore (WP-Illinois) 1997-2005⁷
38. Virginia Hernandez (LR-New Jersey) 2005-13⁷
39. Carol Fenstermacher (LR-New York) 2013-<sup>7

1</sup>Assassinated.
²Presidential reconstruction under Butler is far more thorough. Black men are given citizenship and suffrage, the plantations of the South are broken up and given as homesteads to freedmen and white yeoman farmers, the Freedmen's Bureau is made a cabinet-level, permanent fixture, and, in response to white southern intransigence, the former states of the Confederacy are governed as military provinces and sliced and diced into a number of new (gerrymandered) states that more or less guarantee Republican domination in much of the region for years to come. Most controversial, however, is probably the establishment of a nationwide police force to succeed the federal troops occupying the south, the Federal Police Agency, or FPA, which comes into being shortly before Butler leaves office. The FPA, composed largely of union army veterans and freedmen, quickly becomes a route for social and economic mobility to freedmen, a fact not lost on those thoroughly discredited and defeated southern Democrats, who chastise Republican 'bayonet rule' throughout the Butler administration.
³Butler's radical Reconstruction policies split the Republican Party between 'Butlerites' (i.e. radicals committed to yeoman-black political alliances in the South, paper currency, and other 'levelling' reform measures) and those allied with the emergent industrial bourgeoisie, who wanted to put the brakes on the Reconstruction experiment, accept the status quo in the South, and build industry rather than agrarianism below the Mason-Dixon line. Adams fit squarely in the second camp, and would, in a close race which saw him win enough old Democratic Party strongholds in the North (helped out by the Democrats' endorsement of his candidacy) to overcome the gerrymandered electoral college and defeat his Republican opponent. Unfortunately for Adams, his attempts at pushing a higher tariff and promoting industrialization in the South were put on hold by a crippling economic depression that hit as he took office, and he spent the better part of his administration dealing with a wave of labor unrest. In any case, the Federal Policy Agency would turn out to be a godsend for dealing with labor unrest, transforming that which was supposed to protect the rights of the freedmen and white yeoman into an instrument for oppressing the American working class.
³Died in office.
⁴The first Southerner (albeit a carpbetbagger and radical Republican) to be elected President since the conclusion of the Civil War, the radical Ames pushed for (and enacted) a bill providing for federal oversight of elections in the former Confederacy by the FPA, strengthening the position of the federal government and protecting the right of freedmen to vote in what now had become a thriving, industrialized mirror of the North. Ames likewise vetoed a bill banning Chinese immigration to the United States, although it was ultimately enacted over his veto by the Liberal-held Congress.
⁵The Liberal Party was born following the collapse of the Adams administration, weaving together the Liberal Republicans, the Democrats, and southern conservatives.
⁶The son of the beloved former President, Robert Todd didn't live up to expectations that he would be the 'second coming' of his deified father. His Presidency was wracked with labor unrest, which he more than once used the Federal Policy Agency to put down, alienating the 'mass of workingmen' that his father had so dutifully cultivated a political career with the aid of during his political career. Lincoln would be so thoroughly discredited by his 'disproportionate' use of force to deal with labor unrest and an economic depression that he and the Liberals would be thrown out of office after a twelve year run in 1892.
⁷Fictional person.

[TNF]

32. Franklin Roosevelt (D-New York) 1933-37
33. Alf Landon (R-Kansas) 1937-41
34. Huey Long (D-Louisiana) 1941-45¹
35. Burton Wheeler (D-Montana) 1945-49
36. Earl Long (D-Louisiana) 1949-60²
37. Robert Wagner (D-New York) 1960-61
38. Richard Nixon (R-California) 1961-63³
39. Nelson Rockefeller (R-New York) 1963-69
40. George Wallace (D-Alabama) 1969-74⁴
41. Robert P. Casey (D-Pennsylvania) 1974-77
42. Charles Mathias (R-Maryland) 1977-81
43. Cliff Finch (D-Mississippi) 1981-86⁵
44. Robert Byrd (D-West Virginia) 1986-93
45. Bernice "Bernie" Newton (R-California) 1993-2001⁶
46. Francis "Frank" Nelson (D-Arizona) 2001⁷
47. Veronica Whitley (D-Alaska) 2001-09⁶
48. Kristina Beard (R-Pennsylvania) 2009-17<sup>6

1</sup>Assassinated.
²Died in office.
³Assassinated.
⁴Assassinated.
⁵Died in office.
⁶Fictional person.
⁷Fictional person. Died in office.

[TNF]

25. William McKinley (R-Ohio) 1897-1901¹
26. Theodore Roosevelt (R-New York) 1901-09
27. William Howard Taft (R-Ohio) 1909-13
28. Theodore Roosevelt (R-New York) 1913-19²
29. Warren Harding (R-Ohio) 1919-23³
30. Irvine Lenroot (R-Wisconsin) 1923-25
31. Henrik Shipstead (Labor-Minnesota) 1925-33
32. Charles Curtis (R-Kansas) 1933-36⁴
33. Henry L. Stimson (R-New York) 1936-41
34. Henry Wallace (L-Iowa) 1941-45
35. Thomas Dewey (R-New York) 1945⁵
36. John W. Bricker (R-Ohio) 1945-49
37. Henry Wallace (L-Iowa) 1949-57
38. Estes Kefauver (L-Tennessee) 1957-61
39. Barry M. Goldwater (R-Arizona) 1961-63⁶
40. Nelson A. Rockefeller (R-New York) 1963-69
41. Ronald Reagan (American-California) 1969-74⁷
42. Jesse Helms (A-North Carolina) 1974-81
43. John B. Anderson (R-Illinois) 1981-93
44. Patrick J. Buchanan (A-Virginia) 1993-97
45. Arlen Specter (R-Pennsylvania) 1997-2001
46. George W. Bush (A-Texas) 2001-05
47. John McCain (R-Arizona) 2005-13
48. W. Mitt Romney (R-Massachusetts) 2013-

¹Assassinated.
²Died in office.
³Died in office.
⁴Became President when President-elect Coolidge died before being inaugurated. Died in office, leaving Secretary of State Henry Stimson as President.
⁵Assassinated.
⁶Assassinated.
⁷Impeached and removed from office.

[TNF]

18. Ulysses S. Grant (R-Illinois) 1869-77
19. Samuel J. Tilden (D-New York) 1877-81
20. Ulysses S. Grant (R-Illinois) 1881¹
21. Chester A. Arthur (R-New York) 1881-85
22. James G. Blaine (R-Maine) 1885-93²
23. Levi P. Morton (R-New York) 1893³
24. Benjamin Harrison (R-Indiana) 1893-97
25. William J. Bryan (D-Nebraska) 1897-1901⁴
26. Adlai E. Stevenson I (D-Illinois) 1901-09
27. George Gray (D-Delaware) 1909-13
28. Theodore Roosevelt (R-New York) 1913-19⁵
29. Hiram Johnson (R-California) 1919-21
30. James Cox (D-Ohio) 1921-23⁶
31. Franklin Roosevelt (D-New York) 1923-33
32. Herbert Hoover (R-California) 1933-37
33. Franklin Roosevelt (D-New York) 1937-45⁷
34. Harry Truman (D-Missouri) 1945-57
35. Richard Nixon (R-California) 1957-63⁸
36. Henry Cabot Lodge (R-Massachusetts) 1963-69
37. Hubert Humphrey (D-Minnesota) 1969-74⁹
38. Edward Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) 1974-89
39. George H.W. Bush (R-Texas) 1989-93
40. Edward Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) 1993-97
41. Robert Dole (R-Kansas) 1997-2005
42. John Kerry (D-Massachusetts) 2005-17
 
¹Assassinated.
²Died in office.
³Following the death of James G. Blaine in January 1893, Morton became the shortest serving President of the United States ever, serving from late January 1893 to early March 1893, when his successor, President-elect Benjamin Harrison, was sworn in as the 24th President of the United States.
⁴Assassinated.
⁵Died in office.
⁶Assassinated.
⁷Died in office.
⁸Assassinated.
⁹Died in office.

[TNF]

32. Franklin Roosevelt (D-New York) 1933-45¹
33. Henry Wallace (D-Iowa) 1945-49
34. Robert Taft (R-Ohio) 1949-53¹
35. Irving Ives (R-New York) 1953-57
36. Adlai Stevenson (D-Illinois) 1957-61
37. Richard Nixon (R-California) 1961-69
38. Henry Cabot Lodge (R-Massachusetts) 1969-73
39. Robert Kennedy (D-New York) 1973-81
40. Edward Brooke (R-Massachusetts) 1981-89
41. Edward Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) 1989-97
42. Ross Perot (Reform-Texas) 1997-2005
43. Jesse Ventura (R-Minnesota) 2005-13
44. Barack Obama (D-Illinois) 2013-17
45. Donald Trump (R-New York) 2017-25
46. Kirsten Gillibrand (R-New York) 2025-

¹Died in office.

[TNF]

Expanding on this post.

Goldwater in '64
36. Lyndon B. Johnson (D-Texas) 1963-65
37. Barry M. Goldwater (R-Arizona) 1965-69
38. Robert F. Kennedy (D-New York) 1969-74†
39. Carl Sanders (D-Georgia) 1974-77
40. James Buckley (R-New York) 1977-81
41. Edward M. Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) 1981†
42. Lloyd Bentsen (D-Texas) 1981-89
43. Gary Hart (D-Colorado) 1989-93
44. Robert J. Dole (R-Kansas) 1993-2001
45. Al Gore (D-Tennessee) 2001-02†
46. Joe Lieberman (D-Connecticut) 2002-09
47. John McCain (R-Arizona) 2009-17

†Assassinated.

McGovern '72
37. Richard Nixon (R-California) 1969-73
38. George McGovern (D-South Dakota) 1973-77
39. Ronald Reagan (R-California) 1977-85
40. George Bush (R-Texas) 1985-89
41. Michael Dukakis (D-Massachusetts) 1989-93
42. Bob Dole (R-Kansas) 1993-2001
43. Bill Bradley (D-New Jersey) 2001-09
44. John McCain (R-Arizona) 2009-17

Carter '80
39. Jimmy Carter (D-Georgia) 1977-85
40. Walter Mondale (D-Minnesota) 1985-89
41. Robert J. Dole (R-Kansas) 1989-97
42. Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) 1997-2005
43. Mitt Romney (R-Massachusetts) 2005-13
44. Hillary Clinton (D-New York) 2013-

Gore '00
43. Al Gore (D-Tennessee) 2001-05
44. John McCain (R-Arizona) 2005-09
45. Hillary Clinton (D-New York) 2009-17

McCain '08
44. John McCain (R-Arizona) 2009-13
45. Hillary Clinton (D-New York) 2013-

[TNF]

16. Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois) 1861-65
17. George B. McClellan (D-New Jersey) 1865-69
18. Ulysses S. Grant (R-Illinois) 1869-73
19. Horatio Seymour (D-New York) 1873-77
20. Rutherford B. Hayes (R-Ohio) 1877-81¹
21. Chester A. Arthur (R-New York) 1881-86²
22. James G. Blaine (R-Maine) 1886-93³
23. Levi P. Morton (R-New York) 1893⁴
24. Grover Cleveland (D-New York) 1893-1901
25. William McKinley (R-Ohio) 1901-03⁵
26. Theodore Roosevelt (R-New York) 1903-09
27. William Taft (R-Ohio) 1909-13
28. Woodrow Wilson (D-New Jersey) 1913-25⁶
29. Charles Bryan (D-Nebraska) 1925-33
30. Herbert Hoover (R-Iowa) 1933-41
31. Franklin Roosevelt (D-New York) 1941-43⁷
32. Henry Wallace (D-Iowa) 1943-49
33. Thomas Dewey (R-New York) 1949-54⁸
34. Joseph W. Martin, Jr. (R-Massachusetts) 1954-57
35. Adlai Stevenson (D-Illinois) 1957-61
36. Richard M. Nixon (R-California) 1961-69
37. Henry C. Lodge, Jr. (R-Massachusetts) 1969-73
38. George S. McGovern (D-South Dakota) 1973-81
39. Ronald W. Reagan (R-California) 1981-85
40. Walter F. Mondale (D-Minnesota) 1985-93
41. H. Ross Perot (Reform-Texas) 1993-2001
42. John McCain (Rf-Arizona) 2001-09
43. Barack Obama (D-Illinois) 2009-13
44. W. Mitt Romney (R-Massachusetts) 2013-21
45. Michael Bloomberg (Rf-New York) 2021-

¹Assassinated.
²Died in office.
³Ascended to the Presidency while Secretary of State owing to the vacancy in the Vice Presidency, won a term of his own in 1888, and died two months before his term expired in 1893.
⁴Shortest serving President ever (January 27, 1893 - March 4, 1893)
⁵Died in office.
⁶Died in office.
⁷Assassinated.
⁸Assassinated.

[TNF]

Presidents of the United States of America, 2009-57
44. Barack Obama (D-Illinois) 2009-17
45. Hillary Rodham Clinton (D-New York) 2017-25
46. Susan Noble (Socialist-Ohio) 2025-33¹
47. Donald Alvarado (D-Massachusetts) 2033-37¹
48. Nathaniel Johnston (S-North Carolina) 2037-41¹
49. Lila Hart (D-Florida) 2041-45¹
50. Joe Mooney (S-Pennsylvania) 2045-53¹
51. David Ferreira (S-Colorado) 2053-57<sup>2

1</sup>Fictional person. The Socialist Party was formed in 2016 as the result of an amalgamation of Socialist Alternative and the International Socialist Organization, although a number of smaller socialist groups subsequently folded into the new organization. It first fielded a candidate in 2016, garnering the support of about 2% of the voting population, building off of the energy generated by the Sanders campaign in the Democratic presidential primaries earlier that year.
²Fictional person. President Ferreira has the dubious distinction of being the last President of the United States, and is regarded as having been one of the worst Presidents in American History. After having taken the baton from outgoing President Mooney and continuing World War IV, Ferreira quickly became a victim of the war's unpopularity. Unable to react in any way other than with repressive measures, these quickly spurred the growth of the Workers Party, which organized in opposition to the war and called on soldiers at the front to turn their guns on their officers. By 2057, with the war dragging into its sixth year, labor unrest and mutinies on every front had lead to a situation in which the Ferreira administration had completely lost control of the situation, leading to an attempted coup against the government by General Orlando Hensley. The coup attempt set off an immediate reaction in the ranks of the soldier rank and file, as well as the Workers Party, which moved to form an alternative armed forces and immediately liquidate the putschist threat. The United States essentially ceased to exist in March 2057, with the right backing the coup attempt (including many significant sectors of the Socialist Party, which was committed as ever to winning the war) and the left backing the militia forces against the government.

General-Secretaries of the Presidium of the Congress of Workers' Councils, 2057-2109
Greg Contreras (Workers-South Carolina) 2057-80¹
Albert Smith (Libertarian-California) 2080-2101¹
James McCormick (W-Texas) 2101-<sup>1

1</sup>Fictional person.

[TNF]

25. John McLean (D-Ohio) 1897-1903¹
26. Henry Teller (D-Colorado) 1903-09
27. Charles Hughes (R-New York) 1909-13
28. Henry Teller (D-Colorado) 1913-14¹
29. William McCombs (D-New York) 1914-17
30. Charles Hughes (R-New York) 1917-21²
31. Asle Gronna (Republican, then Nonpartisan League-North Dakota) 1921-29
32. Cordell Hull (D-Tennessee) 1929-33
33. Burton Wheeler (NPL-Montana) 1933-43²
34. Henry Wallace (NPL-Iowa) 1943-49
35. Robert Taft (Liberty-Ohio) 1949-53¹
36. Richard Russell (LIB-Georgia) 1953-57
37. Estes Kefauver (NPL-Tennessee) 1957-61
38. Barry Goldwater (LIB-Arizona) 1961-65
39. Hubert Humphrey (NPL-Minnesota) 1965-69
40. Ronald Reagan (Labor-California) 1969-77
41. Robert Kennedy (LIB-New York) 1977-85
42. Walter Mondale (LAB-Minnesota) 1985-93
43. Michael Dukakis (LAB-Massachusetts) 1993-97
44. Colin Powell (Reform-New York) 1997-2005
45. Matt Fong (LIB-California) 2005-09
46. Michael Bloomberg (REF-New York) 2009-17

¹Died in office.
²Assassinated.

[TNF]

Presidents of the Republic of Texas
1. Sam Houston (Nonpartisan) 1836-38
2. Mirabeau Lamar (Nonpartisan) 1838-41
3. Sam Houston (Nonpartisan) 1841-44
4. Anson Jones (Nonpartisan) 1844-47
5. George T. Wood (Nonpartisan) 1847-50
6. Peter H. Bell (Nonpartisan) 1850-53¹
James W. Henderson (Nonpartisan) 1853²
7. Elisha M. Pease (Liberty) 1853-56
8. Hardin R. Runnels (Liberty) 1856-59
9. Sam Houston (Texian) 1859-62
10. Francis Lubbock (Liberty) 1862-65
11. Fletcher Stockdale (Texian) 1865-68
12. Elisha M. Pease (Texian) 1868-71
13. Edmund J. Davis (Texian) 1871-74
14. Richard Coke (Liberty) 1874-77
15. Richard B. Hubbard (Liberty) 1877-80
16. Oran M. Roberts (Liberty) 1880-83
17. John Ireland (Liberty) 1883-86
18. Lawrence S. Ross (Liberty) 1886-89
19. Thomas B. Wheeler (Liberty) 1889-92
20. James S. Hogg (People's) 1892-95
21. Charles A. Culbertson (People's) 1895-98
22. Joseph D. Sayers (People's) 1898-1901
23. James N. Browning (People's) 1901-04
24. S.W.T. Lanham (People's) 1904-07
25. Thomas M. Campbell (People's) 1907-10
26. Anthony D. Perry (People's) 1910-13³
27. Lorenzo Watson (Workingmen's) 1913-16³
28. Anthony D. Perry (Conservative People's, then Conservative) 1916-19³
29. Thomas J. Shelton (People's) 1919-22³
30. Edward J. Harper (Conservative) 1922-23<sup>4

1</sup>Died in office.
²Acting President.
³Fictional person.
⁴Fictional person. Overthrown during the Texian Revolution of 1923.

Presidents of the Council Socialist Republic of Texas
1. Tobias Fischer (Communist) 1923-26¹
2. Louis Garza (Communist) 1926-29¹
3. Yuri Kuwabara (Communist) 1929-32¹
4. Curtis Ross (Labor) 1932-35¹
5. James Burgess (Labor) 1935-38¹
6. Lee Chen (Socialist Workers) 1938-41¹
7. Yuri Kuwabara (Socialist Workers) 1941-44¹
8. Hazel Wade (Socialist Workers) 1944-47¹
9. Conrad Fleischmann (Farmer-Labor) 1947-50¹
10. Rosa Chavarría (Libertarian) 1950-53¹
11. Dominck Sanger (Libertarian) 1953-56¹
12. Carlton Moss (Independent Socialist League) 1956-59¹
13. Aristocles Carvajal (Libertarian) 1959-62¹
14. Christopher Butler, Sr. (Farmer-Labor) 1962-65¹
15. Gary Anderson (Farmer-Labor) 1965-68¹
16. Paul McMillan (Farmer-Labor) 1968-71¹
17. Tim Lange (Socialist Workers) 1971-74¹
18. Azanías Valdez (Communist) 1974-77¹
19. Janaan Ganim (People's) 1977-80¹
20. Waldemar Banda (Progressive Labor) 1980-83¹
21. Christopher Butler, Jr. (Socialism, Ecology, Freedom) 1983-86¹
22. Calvin T'an (Communist) 1986-89¹
23. Myrtle Smith (Independent Socialist League) 1989-92¹
24. Silvia Hoffman (Socialism, Ecology, Freedom) 1992-95<sup>2

1</sup>Fictional person.
²Fictional person. Silvia Hoffman served as the last President of the Council Socialist Republic of Texas, as the republic was admitted as an autonomous republic of the Union of American Council Socialist Republics (UACSR) in June 1995.

Presidents of the Texian Autonomous Socialist Republic
1. Ramon Montalvo (Progressive Labor) 1995-98¹
2. Francis Nakamura (Communist) 1998-2001¹
3. Bruce Martinez (Communist) 2001-04¹
4. Daniel Williams (Independent Socialist League) 2004-07¹
5. David Issa (People's) 2007-10¹
6. Nick Wilson (Labor) 2010-13¹
7. Albert Miller (Labor) 2013-16<sup>1

1</sup>Fictional person.

[TNF]

28. Woodrow Wilson (D-New Jersey) 1913-17
29. Charles Evans Hughes (R-New York) 1917-21
30. Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. (R-New York) 1921-23¹
31. Warren Harding (R-Ohio) 1923-25
32. Al Smith (D-New York) 1925-29
33. Frank Lowden (R-Illinois) 1929-33
34. Al Smith (D-New York) 1933-37
35. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. (R-New York) 1937-44²
36. John W. Bricker (R-Ohio) 1944-53
37. Robert Taft (R-Ohio) 1953²
38. Richard M. Nixon (R-California) 1953-57
39. Adlai Stevenson (D-Illinois) 1957-65
40. Barry M. Goldwater (R-Arizona) 1965-73
41. John Ashbrook (R-Ohio) 1973-77
42. Hugh Carey (D-New York) 1977-89¹
43. Dick Gephardt (D-Missouri) 1989-97
44. Colin Powell (R-New York) 1997-2005
45. Andrew Cuomo (D-New York) 2005-13
46. Mitt Romney (R-Michigan) 2013-

¹Assassinated.
²Died in office.

[TNF]

35. Richard M. Nixon (R-California) 1961-65¹
36. George W. Romney (R-Michigan) 1965-69
37. Barry M. Goldwater (R-Arizona) 1969-77
38. Walter F. Mondale (D-Minnesota) 1977-81
39. Ronald W. Reagan (R-California) 1981¹
40. George H.W. Bush (R-Texas) 1981-85
41. Michael S. "Mike" Dukakis (D-Massachusetts) 1985-93
42. William J. "Bill" Clinton (D-Arkansas) 1993-97
43. John S. McCain III (R-Arizona) 1997-2001¹
44. W. Mitt Romney (R-Massachusetts) 2001-09
45. Wendell H. Goldberg (R-New Hampshire) 2009-13²
46. Troy Stephens (Liberal-New Jersey) 2013-21<sup>2

1</sup>Assassinated.
²Fictional person.

37. Henry C. Lodge (R-Massachusetts) 1961-65
38. George W. Romney (R-Michigan) 1965¹
39. William E. Miller (R-New York) 1969-73
40. Spiro T. Agnew (R-Maryland) 1973-77
41. Lloyd M. Bentsen (D-Texas) 1977-81
42. George H.W. Bush (R-Texas) 1981¹
43. Jesse L. Jackson (D-South Carolina) 1985-89
44. Albert A. "Al" Gore (D-Tennessee) 1989-93
45. Joseph I. "Joe" Lieberman (D-Connecticut) 1993-97
46. W. Mitt Romney (R-Massachusetts) 1997-2001¹
47. Mary Louise Mitchell (R-Florida) 2005-09²
48. Marilyn Warner (R-Arkansas) 2009-13²
49. Craig McCoy (Liberal-Louisiana) 2013-21<sup>2

1</sup>Became President upon the assassination of the President.
²Fictional person.

1960: John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts and Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas (Democratic)
1964: Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota and Edmund S. "Ed" Muskie of Maine (Democratic)
1968: George S. McGovern of South Dakota and Thomas Eagleton of Missouri (Democratic)
1972: James E. "Jimmy" Carter of Georgia and Walter F. Mondale of Minnesota (Democratic)
1976: Nelson A. Rockefeller of New York and Robert J. "Bob" Dole of Kansas (Republican)
1980: Walter F. Mondale of Minnesota and Lloyd M. Bentsen of Texas (Democratic)
1984: George H.W. Bush of Texas and J. Danforth "Dan" Quayle III of Indiana (Republican)
1988: Robert J. Dole of Kansas and Jack F. Kemp of New York (Republican)
1992: George W. Bush of Texas and Richard B. "Dick" Cheney of Wyoming (Republican)
1996: Albert A. "Al" Gore of Tennessee and Richard B. "Dick" Gephardt of Missouri (Democratic)
2000: John F. Kerry of Massachusetts and Joseph R. "Joe" Biden III of Delaware (Democratic)
2004: Barack H. Obama of Illinois and V. Samuel "Sam" Tate of Michigan (Democratic)¹
2008: Bertrand H. Inman of New Jersey and Amanda B. Davis of California (Democratic)¹
2012: Wendell H. Goldberg of New Hampshire and William G. Ross of Louisiana (Republican)<sup>1

1</sup>Fictional person.