What districts would have Dems won back if not for gerrymandering?

[jimrtex]

And speaking about that bridge, the Baltimore MSA now includes Queen Anne's county on the ES as a central county! Carroll and Harford are the outlying counties. Commuters are now such a significant portion of the population using the bridge that they have overrun the historical population. Even a decade ago when I spent some time on the ES I could see evidence of the transition, particularly where the people live on the peninsula that includes the bridge. So if MSA preservation is a criteria, one cannot ignore that anymore than one can ignore Lackawanna-Luzerne can one? Redistricting is about current populations not historical ones.

One other connection issue concerns the southern end of the Chesapeake. In discussions about WA it was generally agreed that regular scheduled ferry service could replace a public highway for the purposes of determining a connection. The Smith Island ferry links St Marys and Somerset counties. Erosity doesn't care about the bay when links are present. Yet using that link can provide additional options to preserve the aforementioned Queen Anne's link to the mainland. Then again it may not apply since the schedule doesn't show for the winter. However the boats provide a number to call for service even in the winter, so this one is a bit gray.

I noticed that Queen Anne's was part of the Baltimore MSA, but it strikes me as deeply weird that it would be a central county while Harford is considered outlying.  (I'd expect Carroll to be outlying, though.)  I guess if the old native population is that small, and center vs. outlying only takes commuting patterns into account, then I can see how they'd come to that conclusion.  I've been working off the assumption that "central" MSA counties could be more defined by contiguous urbanized area, which strikes me as more intuitive if not necessarily easier to quantify.

In any case, it seems to me that the Eastern Shore district is going to have to take in Baltimore Metro area no matter what, in addition to Queen Anne's.  If metro areas matter, the fact that Cecil is in the Philly metro is all the more reason to make sure it stays with the rest of the Eastern Shore, so the Baltimore burbs district stays within the MSA; if straight lines matter, adding Harford gets you closer to straight lines (with just a small salient of 27K to add) than a large bulge into Anne Arundel; if road connectivity matters, there are three bridges over the Susquehanna between Cecil and Harford compared to just the Bay Bridge to Anne Arundel.  I really find it hard to believe that my District 1 would be objectionable to anybody (the others, we can talk about, I'm all ears).

I'm undecided on the merits of counting ferry links in general (except obviously in places like WA, where they are necessary).  My instinct is that they could technically count but their use should be discouraged, and not count "as well" as major road or rail links.  Opening ferries up to map-drawers immediately makes a Staten Island-Lower Manhattan district possible, which is a temptation I do not particularly want to see available.

This is a modern viewpoint, which views water as a barrier than a highway.

New York at one time had a congressional district that linked Richmond, Rockland, and Kings counties via the Hudson.   And Maryland was politically divided on a north-south basis between the cotton and tobacco growing areas of the south, on either side of the Chesapeake, and the wheat growing areas and big city to the north (the districts didn't cross the bay, but the economics and politics did).

[jimrtex]

There would be some effort to build all of those for every state, and I worry how that will look in some of the more densely populated states. I'm not sure the effort is warranted, since I did find your "final" map quite nice from the perspective of maintaining metro areas. Other reasonable maps by train and Torie would also be unnecessarily excluded.

These are the significant counties (within each state) for all urbanized areas in the USA.

Anniston--Oxford, AL(1): Calhoun County.
Auburn, AL(1): Lee County.
Birmingham, AL(2): Jefferson County; and Shelby County.
Columbus, GA--AL(2): Lee County; and Russell County.
Daphne--Fairhope, AL(1): Baldwin County.
Decatur, AL(1): Morgan County.
Dothan, AL(1): Houston County.
Florence, AL(2): Colbert County; and Lauderdale County.
Gadsden, AL(1): Etowah County.
Huntsville, AL(2): Limestone County; and Madison County.
Mobile, AL(1): Mobile County.
Montgomery, AL(3): Autauga County; Elmore County; and Montgomery County.
Tuscaloosa, AL(1): Tuscaloosa County.
Anchorage, AK(1): Anchorage Municipality.
Fairbanks, AK(1): Fairbanks North Star Borough.
Avondale--Goodyear, AZ(1): Maricopa County.
Casa Grande, AZ(1): Pinal County.
Flagstaff, AZ(1): Coconino County.
Lake Havasu City, AZ(1): Mohave County.
Phoenix--Mesa, AZ(2): Maricopa County; and Pinal County.
Prescott Valley--Prescott, AZ(1): Yavapai County.
Sierra Vista, AZ(1): Cochise County.
Tucson, AZ(1): Pima County.
Yuma, AZ--CA(1): Yuma County.
Conway, AR(1): Faulkner County.
Fayetteville--Springdale--Rogers, AR--MO(2): Benton County; and Washington County.
Fort Smith, AR--OK(2): Crawford County; and Sebastian County.
Hot Springs, AR(1): Garland County.
Jonesboro, AR(1): Craighead County.
Little Rock, AR(3): Lonoke County; Pulaski County; and Saline County.
Memphis, TN--MS--AR(1): Crittenden County.
Pine Bluff, AR(1): Jefferson County.
Texarkana--Texarkana, TX--AR(1): Miller County.
Antioch, CA(1): Contra Costa County.
Arroyo Grande--Grover Beach, CA(1): San Luis Obispo County.
Bakersfield, CA(1): Kern County.
Camarillo, CA(1): Ventura County.
Chico, CA(1): Butte County.
Concord, CA(2): Alameda County; and Contra Costa County.
Davis, CA(1): Yolo County.
Delano, CA(1): Kern County.
El Centro--Calexico, CA(1): Imperial County.
El Paso de Robles (Paso Robles)--Atascadero, CA(1): San Luis Obispo County.
Fairfield, CA(1): Solano County.
Fresno, CA(1): Fresno County.
Gilroy--Morgan Hill, CA(1): Santa Clara County.
Hanford, CA(1): Kings County.
Hemet, CA(1): Riverside County.
Indio--Cathedral City, CA(1): Riverside County.
Lancaster--Palmdale, CA(1): Los Angeles County.
Livermore, CA(1): Alameda County.
Lodi, CA(1): San Joaquin County.
Lompoc, CA(1): Santa Barbara County.
Los Angeles--Long Beach--Anaheim, CA(3): Los Angeles County; Orange County; and San Bernardino County.
Madera, CA(1): Madera County.
Manteca, CA(1): San Joaquin County.
Merced, CA(1): Merced County.
Mission Viejo--Lake Forest--San Clemente, CA(1): Orange County.
Modesto, CA(1): Stanislaus County.
Murrieta--Temecula--Menifee, CA(1): Riverside County.
Napa, CA(1): Napa County.
Oxnard, CA(1): Ventura County.
Petaluma, CA(1): Sonoma County.
Porterville, CA(1): Tulare County.
Redding, CA(1): Shasta County.
Riverside--San Bernardino, CA(2): Riverside County; and San Bernardino County.
Sacramento, CA(4): El Dorado County; Placer County; Sacramento County; and Yolo County.
Salinas, CA(1): Monterey County.
San Diego, CA(1): San Diego County.
San Francisco--Oakland, CA(5): Alameda County; Contra Costa County; Marin County; San Francisco County; and San Mateo County.
San Jose, CA(1): Santa Clara County.
San Luis Obispo, CA(1): San Luis Obispo County.
Santa Barbara, CA(1): Santa Barbara County.
Santa Clarita, CA(1): Los Angeles County.
Santa Cruz, CA(1): Santa Cruz County.
Santa Maria, CA(1): Santa Barbara County.
Santa Rosa, CA(1): Sonoma County.
Seaside--Monterey, CA(1): Monterey County.
Simi Valley, CA(1): Ventura County.
Stockton, CA(1): San Joaquin County.
Thousand Oaks, CA(2): Los Angeles County; and Ventura County.
Tracy, CA(1): San Joaquin County.
Turlock, CA(2): Merced County; and Stanislaus County.
Vacaville, CA(1): Solano County.
Vallejo, CA(2): Napa County; and Solano County.
Victorville--Hesperia, CA(1): San Bernardino County.
Visalia, CA(1): Tulare County.
Watsonville, CA(1): Santa Cruz County.
Woodland, CA(1): Yolo County.
Yuba City, CA(2): Sutter County; and Yuba County.
Boulder, CO(1): Boulder County.
Colorado Springs, CO(1): El Paso County.
Denver--Aurora, CO(6): Adams County; Arapahoe County; Broomfield County; Denver County; Douglas County; and Jefferson County.
Fort Collins, CO(2): Larimer County; and Weld County.
Grand Junction, CO(1): Mesa County.
Greeley, CO(1): Weld County.
Lafayette--Louisville--Erie, CO(1): Boulder County.
Longmont, CO(1): Boulder County.
Pueblo, CO(1): Pueblo County.
Bridgeport--Stamford, CT--NY(2): Fairfield County; and New Haven County.
Danbury, CT--NY(2): Fairfield County; and Litchfield County.
Hartford, CT(4): Hartford County; Litchfield County; Middlesex County; and Tolland County.
New Haven, CT(2): Middlesex County; and New Haven County.
Norwich--New London, CT--RI(1): New London County.
Springfield, MA--CT(1): Hartford County.
Waterbury, CT(2): Litchfield County; and New Haven County.
Worcester, MA--CT(1): Windham County.
Dover, DE(1): Kent County.
Philadelphia, PA--NJ--DE--MD(1): New Castle County.
Salisbury, MD--DE(1): Sussex County.
Washington, DC--VA--MD(1): District of Columbia.
Bonita Springs, FL(2): Collier County; and Lee County.
Cape Coral, FL(1): Lee County.
Deltona, FL(1): Volusia County.
Fort Walton Beach--Navarre--Wright, FL(2): Okaloosa County; and Santa Rosa County.
Gainesville, FL(1): Alachua County.
Homosassa Springs--Beverly Hills--Citrus Springs, FL(1): Citrus County.
Jacksonville, FL(3): Clay County; Duval County; and St. Johns County.
Kissimmee, FL(2): Orange County; and Osceola County.
Lady Lake--The Villages, FL(3): Lake County; Marion County; and Sumter County.
Lakeland, FL(1): Polk County.
Leesburg--Eustis--Tavares, FL(1): Lake County.
Miami, FL(3): Broward County; Miami-Dade County; and Palm Beach County.
North Port--Port Charlotte, FL(2): Charlotte County; and Sarasota County.
Ocala, FL(1): Marion County.
Orlando, FL(3): Lake County; Orange County; and Seminole County.
Palm Bay--Melbourne, FL(1): Brevard County.
Palm Coast--Daytona Beach--Port Orange, FL(2): Flagler County; and Volusia County.
Panama City, FL(1): Bay County.
Pensacola, FL--AL(2): Escambia County; and Santa Rosa County.
Port St. Lucie, FL(2): Martin County; and St. Lucie County.
St. Augustine, FL(1): St. Johns County.
Sarasota--Bradenton, FL(3): Charlotte County; Manatee County; and Sarasota County.
Sebastian--Vero Beach South--Florida Ridge, FL(2): Indian River County; and St. Lucie County.
Sebring--Avon Park, FL(1): Highlands County.
Spring Hill, FL(2): Hernando County; and Pasco County.
Tallahassee, FL(1): Leon County.
Tampa--St. Petersburg, FL(3): Hillsborough County; Pasco County; and Pinellas County.
Titusville, FL(1): Brevard County.
Winter Haven, FL(1): Polk County.
Zephyrhills, FL(1): Pasco County.
Albany, GA(2): Dougherty County; and Lee County.
Athens-Clarke County, GA(2): Clarke County; and Oconee County.
Atlanta, GA(19): Barrow County; Carroll County; Cherokee County; Clayton County; Cobb County; Coweta County; DeKalb County; Douglas County; Fayette County; Forsyth County; Fulton County; Gwinnett County; Hall County; Henry County; Newton County; Paulding County; Rockdale County; Spalding County; and Walton County.
Augusta-Richmond County, GA--SC(2): Columbia County; and Richmond County.
Brunswick, GA(1): Glynn County.
Cartersville, GA(1): Bartow County.
Chattanooga, TN--GA(2): Catoosa County; and Walker County.
Columbus, GA--AL(2): Chattahoochee County; and Muscogee County.
Dalton, GA(2): Murray County; and Whitfield County.
Gainesville, GA(1): Hall County.
Hinesville, GA(1): Liberty County.
Macon, GA(1): Bibb County.
Rome, GA(1): Floyd County.
Savannah, GA(1): Chatham County.
Valdosta, GA(1): Lowndes County.
Warner Robins, GA(1): Houston County.
Kahului, HI(1): Maui County.
Kailua (Honolulu County)--Kaneohe, HI(1): Honolulu County.
Urban Honolulu, HI(1): Honolulu County.
Boise City, ID(1): Ada County.
Coeur d'Alene, ID(1): Kootenai County.
Idaho Falls, ID(1): Bonneville County.
Lewiston, ID--WA(1): Nez Perce County.
Nampa, ID(1): Canyon County.
Pocatello, ID(1): Bannock County.
Alton, IL--MO(1): Madison County.
Beloit, WI--IL(1): Winnebago County.
Bloomington--Normal, IL(1): McLean County.
Carbondale, IL(2): Jackson County; and Williamson County.
Champaign, IL(1): Champaign County.
Chicago, IL--IN(8): Cook County; DuPage County; Grundy County; Kane County; Kendall County; Lake County; McHenry County; and Will County.
Danville, IL(1): Vermilion County.
Davenport, IA--IL(1): Rock Island County.
Decatur, IL(1): Macon County.
DeKalb, IL(1): DeKalb County.
Kankakee, IL(1): Kankakee County.
Peoria, IL(2): Peoria County; and Tazewell County.
Rockford, IL(2): Boone County; and Winnebago County.
Round Lake Beach--McHenry--Grayslake, IL--WI(2): Lake County; and McHenry County.
St. Louis, MO--IL(2): Madison County; and St. Clair County.
Springfield, IL(1): Sangamon County.
Anderson, IN(1): Madison County.
Bloomington, IN(1): Monroe County.
Chicago, IL--IN(2): Lake County; and Porter County.
Cincinnati, OH--KY--IN(1): Dearborn County.
Columbus, IN(1): Bartholomew County.
Elkhart, IN--MI(1): Elkhart County.
Evansville, IN--KY(2): Vanderburgh County; and Warrick County.
Fort Wayne, IN(1): Allen County.
Indianapolis, IN(7): Boone County; Hamilton County; Hancock County; Hendricks County; Johnson County; Marion County; and Morgan County.
Kokomo, IN(1): Howard County.
Lafayette, IN(1): Tippecanoe County.
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY--IN(2): Clark County; and Floyd County.

[jimrtex]

Continuing Indiana through Ohio.

Michigan City--La Porte, IN--MI(1): LaPorte County.
Muncie, IN(1): Delaware County.
South Bend, IN--MI(1): St. Joseph County.
Terre Haute, IN(2): Clay County; and Vigo County.
Ames, IA(1): Story County.
Cedar Rapids, IA(1): Linn County.
Davenport, IA--IL(1): Scott County.
Des Moines, IA(2): Dallas County; and Polk County.
Dubuque, IA--IL(1): Dubuque County.
Iowa City, IA(1): Johnson County.
Omaha, NE--IA(1): Pottawattamie County.
Sioux City, IA--NE--SD(1): Woodbury County.
Waterloo, IA(1): Black Hawk County.
Kansas City, MO--KS(2): Johnson County; and Wyandotte County.
Lawrence, KS(1): Douglas County.
Manhattan, KS(1): Riley County.
Topeka, KS(1): Shawnee County.
Wichita, KS(2): Butler County; and Sedgwick County.
Bowling Green, KY(1): Warren County.
Cincinnati, OH--KY--IN(3): Boone County; Campbell County; and Kenton County.
Clarksville, TN--KY(1): Christian County.
Elizabethtown--Radcliff, KY(1): Hardin County.
Evansville, IN--KY(1): Henderson County.
Huntington, WV--KY--OH(2): Boyd County; and Greenup County.
Lexington-Fayette, KY(1): Fayette County.
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY--IN(3): Bullitt County; Jefferson County; and Oldham County.
Owensboro, KY(1): Daviess County.
Alexandria, LA(1): Rapides Parish.
Baton Rouge, LA(5): Ascension Parish; East Baton Rouge Parish; Iberville Parish; Livingston Parish; and West Baton Rouge Parish.
Hammond, LA(1): Tangipahoa Parish.
Houma, LA(2): Lafourche Parish; and Terrebonne Parish.
Lafayette, LA(2): Iberia Parish; and Lafayette Parish.
Lake Charles, LA(1): Calcasieu Parish.
Mandeville--Covington, LA(1): St. Tammany Parish.
Monroe, LA(1): Ouachita Parish.
New Orleans, LA(6): Jefferson Parish; Orleans Parish; Plaquemines Parish; St. Bernard Parish; St. Charles Parish; and St. John the Baptist Parish.
Shreveport, LA(2): Bossier Parish; and Caddo Parish.
Slidell, LA(1): St. Tammany Parish.
Bangor, ME(1): Penobscot County.
Lewiston, ME(1): Androscoggin County.
Portland, ME(2): Cumberland County; and York County.
Portsmouth, NH--ME(1): York County.
Aberdeen--Bel Air South--Bel Air North, MD(1): Harford County.
Baltimore, MD(6): Anne Arundel County; Baltimore County; Howard County; Prince George's County; Queen Anne's County; and Baltimore city.
Cumberland, MD--WV--PA(1): Allegany County.
Frederick, MD(1): Frederick County.
Hagerstown, MD--WV--PA(1): Washington County.
Lexington Park--California--Chesapeake Ranch Estates, MD(2): Calvert County; and St. Mary's County.
Philadelphia, PA--NJ--DE--MD(1): Cecil County.
Salisbury, MD--DE(1): Wicomico County.
Waldorf, MD(1): Charles County.
Washington, DC--VA--MD(3): Frederick County; Montgomery County; and Prince George's County.
Westminster--Eldersburg, MD(1): Carroll County.
Barnstable Town, MA(2): Barnstable County; and Plymouth County.
Boston, MA--NH--RI(7): Bristol County; Essex County; Middlesex County; Norfolk County; Plymouth County; Suffolk County; and Worcester County.
Leominster--Fitchburg, MA(1): Worcester County.
New Bedford, MA(1): Bristol County.
Pittsfield, MA(1): Berkshire County.
Providence, RI--MA(3): Bristol County; Norfolk County; and Worcester County.
Springfield, MA--CT(2): Hampden County; and Hampshire County.
Worcester, MA--CT(1): Worcester County.
Ann Arbor, MI(2): Washtenaw County; and Wayne County.
Battle Creek, MI(1): Calhoun County.
Bay City, MI(1): Bay County.
Benton Harbor--St. Joseph--Fair Plain, MI(1): Berrien County.
Detroit, MI(5): Livingston County; Macomb County; Oakland County; St. Clair County; and Wayne County.
Flint, MI(1): Genesee County.
Grand Rapids, MI(2): Kent County; and Ottawa County.
Holland, MI(1): Ottawa County.
Jackson, MI(1): Jackson County.
Kalamazoo, MI(1): Kalamazoo County.
Lansing, MI(3): Clinton County; Eaton County; and Ingham County.
Midland, MI(1): Midland County.
Monroe, MI(1): Monroe County.
Muskegon, MI(2): Muskegon County; and Ottawa County.
Port Huron, MI(1): St. Clair County.
Saginaw, MI(1): Saginaw County.
South Bend, IN--MI(1): Berrien County.
South Lyon--Howell, MI(2): Livingston County; and Oakland County.
Toledo, OH--MI(1): Monroe County.
Duluth, MN--WI(1): St. Louis County.
Fargo, ND--MN(1): Clay County.
Mankato, MN(2): Blue Earth County; and Nicollet County.
Minneapolis--St. Paul, MN--WI(9): Anoka County; Carver County; Dakota County; Hennepin County; Ramsey County; Scott County; Sherburne County; Washington County; and Wright County.
Rochester, MN(1): Olmsted County.
St. Cloud, MN(2): Benton County; and Stearns County.
Gulfport, MS(3): Hancock County; Harrison County; and Jackson County.
Hattiesburg, MS(2): Forrest County; and Lamar County.
Jackson, MS(3): Hinds County; Madison County; and Rankin County.
Memphis, TN--MS--AR(1): DeSoto County.
Pascagoula, MS(1): Jackson County.
Cape Girardeau, MO--IL(1): Cape Girardeau County.
Columbia, MO(1): Boone County.
Jefferson City, MO(1): Cole County.
Joplin, MO(1): Jasper County.
Kansas City, MO--KS(4): Cass County; Clay County; Jackson County; and Platte County.
Lee's Summit, MO(1): Jackson County.
St. Joseph, MO--KS(1): Buchanan County.
St. Louis, MO--IL(4): Jefferson County; St. Charles County; St. Louis County; and St. Louis city.
Springfield, MO(2): Christian County; and Greene County.
Billings, MT(1): Yellowstone County.
Great Falls, MT(1): Cascade County.
Missoula, MT(1): Missoula County.
Grand Island, NE(1): Hall County.
Lincoln, NE(1): Lancaster County.
Omaha, NE--IA(2): Douglas County; and Sarpy County.
Sioux City, IA--NE--SD(1): Dakota County.
Carson City, NV(1): Carson City.
Las Vegas--Henderson, NV(1): Clark County.
Reno, NV--CA(1): Washoe County.
Boston, MA--NH--RI(1): Rockingham County.
Dover--Rochester, NH--ME(1): Strafford County.
Manchester, NH(2): Hillsborough County; and Merrimack County.
Nashua, NH--MA(2): Hillsborough County; and Rockingham County.
Portsmouth, NH--ME(1): Rockingham County.
Allentown, PA--NJ(1): Warren County.
Atlantic City, NJ(2): Atlantic County; and Cape May County.
New York--Newark, NY--NJ--CT(14): Bergen County; Essex County; Hudson County; Hunterdon County; Mercer County; Middlesex County; Monmouth County; Morris County; Ocean County; Passaic County; Somerset County; Sussex County; Union County; and Warren County.
Philadelphia, PA--NJ--DE--MD(4): Burlington County; Camden County; Gloucester County; and Salem County.
Poughkeepsie--Newburgh, NY--NJ(1): Passaic County.
Trenton, NJ(2): Burlington County; and Mercer County.
Twin Rivers--Hightstown, NJ(1): Mercer County.
Villas, NJ(1): Cape May County.
Vineland, NJ(1): Cumberland County.
Albuquerque, NM(2): Bernalillo County; and Sandoval County.
El Paso, TX--NM(1): Do Ana County.
Farmington, NM(1): San Juan County.
Las Cruces, NM(1): Do Ana County.
Los Lunas, NM(1): Valencia County.
Santa Fe, NM(1): Santa Fe County.
Albany--Schenectady, NY(4): Albany County; Rensselaer County; Saratoga County; and Schenectady County.
Binghamton, NY--PA(1): Broome County.
Bridgeport--Stamford, CT--NY(1): Westchester County.
Buffalo, NY(2): Erie County; and Niagara County.
Elmira, NY(1): Chemung County.
Glens Falls, NY(3): Saratoga County; Warren County; and Washington County.
Ithaca, NY(1): Tompkins County.
Kingston, NY(1): Ulster County.
Middletown, NY(1): Orange County.
New York--Newark, NY--NJ--CT(10): Bronx County; Kings County; Nassau County; New York County; Putnam County; Queens County; Richmond County; Rockland County; Suffolk County; and Westchester County.
Poughkeepsie--Newburgh, NY--NJ(3): Dutchess County; Orange County; and Ulster County.
Rochester, NY(3): Monroe County; Ontario County; and Wayne County.
Saratoga Springs, NY(1): Saratoga County.
Syracuse, NY(1): Onondaga County.
Utica, NY(1): Oneida County.
Watertown, NY(1): Jefferson County.
Asheville, NC(3): Buncombe County; Haywood County; and Henderson County.
Burlington, NC(1): Alamance County.
Charlotte, NC--SC(5): Cabarrus County; Iredell County; Lincoln County; Mecklenburg County; and Union County.
Concord, NC(2): Cabarrus County; and Rowan County.
Durham, NC(2): Durham County; and Orange County.
Fayetteville, NC(2): Cumberland County; and Hoke County.
Gastonia, NC--SC(2): Cleveland County; and Gaston County.
Goldsboro, NC(1): Wayne County.
Greensboro, NC(1): Guilford County.
Greenville, NC(1): Pitt County.
Hickory, NC(3): Burke County; Caldwell County; and Catawba County.
High Point, NC(3): Davidson County; Guilford County; and Randolph County.
Jacksonville, NC(1): Onslow County.
Myrtle Beach--Socastee, SC--NC(1): Brunswick County.
New Bern, NC(1): Craven County.
Raleigh, NC(2): Johnston County; and Wake County.
Rocky Mount, NC(2): Edgecombe County; and Nash County.
Wilmington, NC(2): Brunswick County; and New Hanover County.
Winston-Salem, NC(3): Davidson County; Forsyth County; and Stokes County.
Bismarck, ND(2): Burleigh County; and Morton County.
Fargo, ND--MN(1): Cass County.
Grand Forks, ND--MN(1): Grand Forks County.
Akron, OH(5): Medina County; Portage County; Stark County; Summit County; and Wayne County.
Canton, OH(1): Stark County.
Cincinnati, OH--KY--IN(4): Butler County; Clermont County; Hamilton County; and Warren County.
Cleveland, OH(7): Cuyahoga County; Geauga County; Lake County; Lorain County; Medina County; Portage County; and Summit County.
Columbus, OH(4): Delaware County; Fairfield County; Franklin County; and Licking County.
Dayton, OH(5): Clark County; Greene County; Miami County; Montgomery County; and Warren County.
Huntington, WV--KY--OH(1): Lawrence County.
Lima, OH(1): Allen County.
Lorain--Elyria, OH(1): Lorain County.

[jimrtex]

Remainder of Ohio through Wyoming.

Mansfield, OH(1): Richland County.
Middletown, OH(2): Butler County; and Warren County.
Newark, OH(1): Licking County.
Springfield, OH(1): Clark County.
Toledo, OH--MI(2): Lucas County; and Wood County.
Weirton--Steubenville, WV--OH--PA(1): Jefferson County.
Wheeling, WV--OH(1): Belmont County.
Youngstown, OH--PA(2): Mahoning County; and Trumbull County.
Lawton, OK(1): Comanche County.
Norman, OK(1): Cleveland County.
Oklahoma City, OK(4): Canadian County; Cleveland County; Logan County; and Oklahoma County.
Tulsa, OK(4): Creek County; Rogers County; Tulsa County; and Wagoner County.
Albany, OR(1): Linn County.
Bend, OR(1): Deschutes County.
Corvallis, OR(1): Benton County.
Eugene, OR(1): Lane County.
Grants Pass, OR(1): Josephine County.
Medford, OR(1): Jackson County.
Portland, OR--WA(3): Clackamas County; Multnomah County; and Washington County.
Salem, OR(2): Marion County; and Polk County.
Allentown, PA--NJ(4): Bucks County; Carbon County; Lehigh County; and Northampton County.
Altoona, PA(1): Blair County.
Bloomsburg--Berwick, PA(1): Columbia County.
Chambersburg, PA(1): Franklin County.
East Stroudsburg, PA--NJ(1): Monroe County.
Erie, PA(1): Erie County.
Hanover, PA(2): Adams County; and York County.
Harrisburg, PA(4): Cumberland County; Dauphin County; Lebanon County; and York County.
Hazleton, PA(1): Luzerne County.
Johnstown, PA(1): Cambria County.
Lancaster, PA(1): Lancaster County.
Lebanon, PA(1): Lebanon County.
Monessen--California, PA(3): Fayette County; Washington County; and Westmoreland County.
Philadelphia, PA--NJ--DE--MD(5): Bucks County; Chester County; Delaware County; Montgomery County; and Philadelphia County.
Pittsburgh, PA(5): Allegheny County; Beaver County; Butler County; Washington County; and Westmoreland County.
Pottstown, PA(3): Berks County; Chester County; and Montgomery County.
Reading, PA(1): Berks County.
Scranton, PA(2): Lackawanna County; and Luzerne County.
State College, PA(1): Centre County.
Uniontown--Connellsville, PA(1): Fayette County.
Williamsport, PA(1): Lycoming County.
York, PA(1): York County.
Youngstown, OH--PA(1): Mercer County.
Norwich--New London, CT--RI(1): Washington County.
Providence, RI--MA(5): Bristol County; Kent County; Newport County; Providence County; and Washington County.
Anderson, SC(1): Anderson County.
Augusta-Richmond County, GA--SC(1): Aiken County.
Charleston--North Charleston, SC(3): Berkeley County; Charleston County; and Dorchester County.
Charlotte, NC--SC(2): Lancaster County; and York County.
Columbia, SC(3): Kershaw County; Lexington County; and Richland County.
Florence, SC(2): Darlington County; and Florence County.
Greenville, SC(4): Anderson County; Greenville County; Pickens County; and Spartanburg County.
Hilton Head Island, SC(1): Beaufort County.
Mauldin--Simpsonville, SC(1): Greenville County.
Myrtle Beach--Socastee, SC--NC(1): Horry County.
Rock Hill, SC(1): York County.
Spartanburg, SC(1): Spartanburg County.
Sumter, SC(1): Sumter County.
Rapid City, SD(1): Pennington County.
Sioux Falls, SD(2): Lincoln County; and Minnehaha County.
Bristol--Bristol, TN--VA(1): Sullivan County.
Chattanooga, TN--GA(1): Hamilton County.
Clarksville, TN--KY(1): Montgomery County.
Cleveland, TN(1): Bradley County.
Jackson, TN(1): Madison County.
Johnson City, TN(2): Carter County; and Washington County.
Kingsport, TN--VA(2): Hawkins County; and Sullivan County.
Knoxville, TN(5): Anderson County; Blount County; Knox County; Loudon County; and Sevier County.
Memphis, TN--MS--AR(1): Shelby County.
Morristown, TN(2): Hamblen County; and Jefferson County.
Murfreesboro, TN(1): Rutherford County.
Nashville-Davidson, TN(6): Davidson County; Robertson County; Rutherford County; Sumner County; Williamson County; and Wilson County.
Abilene, TX(1): Taylor County.
Amarillo, TX(2): Potter County; and Randall County.
Austin, TX(3): Hays County; Travis County; and Williamson County.
Beaumont, TX(3): Hardin County; Jefferson County; and Orange County.
Brownsville, TX(1): Cameron County.
College Station--Bryan, TX(1): Brazos County.
Conroe--The Woodlands, TX(1): Montgomery County.
Corpus Christi, TX(2): Nueces County; and San Patricio County.
Dallas--Fort Worth--Arlington, TX(7): Collin County; Dallas County; Denton County; Ellis County; Johnson County; Rockwall County; and Tarrant County.
Denton--Lewisville, TX(2): Dallas County; and Denton County.
El Paso, TX--NM(1): El Paso County.
Harlingen, TX(1): Cameron County.
Houston, TX(6): Brazoria County; Chambers County; Fort Bend County; Galveston County; Harris County; and Montgomery County.
Killeen, TX(2): Bell County; and Coryell County.
Lake Jackson--Angleton, TX(1): Brazoria County.
Laredo, TX(1): Webb County.
Longview, TX(1): Gregg County.
Lubbock, TX(1): Lubbock County.
McAllen, TX(1): Hidalgo County.
McKinney, TX(1): Collin County.
Midland, TX(1): Midland County.
Odessa, TX(1): Ector County.
Port Arthur, TX(2): Jefferson County; and Orange County.
San Angelo, TX(1): Tom Green County.
San Antonio, TX(3): Bexar County; Comal County; and Guadalupe County.
San Marcos, TX(1): Hays County.
Sherman, TX(1): Grayson County.
Temple, TX(1): Bell County.
Texarkana--Texarkana, TX--AR(1): Bowie County.
Texas City, TX(1): Galveston County.
Tyler, TX(1): Smith County.
Victoria, TX(1): Victoria County.
Waco, TX(1): McLennan County.
Wichita Falls, TX(1): Wichita County.
Logan, UT(1): Cache County.
Ogden--Layton, UT(3): Box Elder County; Davis County; and Weber County.
Provo--Orem, UT(1): Utah County.
St. George, UT(1): Washington County.
Salt Lake City--West Valley City, UT(1): Salt Lake County.
Burlington, VT(1): Chittenden County.
Blacksburg, VA(2): Montgomery County; and Radford city.
Bristol--Bristol, TN--VA(2): Washington County; and Bristol city.
Charlottesville, VA(2): Albemarle County; and Charlottesville city.
Fredericksburg, VA(3): Spotsylvania County; Stafford County; and Fredericksburg city.
Harrisonburg, VA(2): Rockingham County; and Harrisonburg city.
Lynchburg, VA(4): Amherst County; Bedford County; Campbell County; and Lynchburg city.
Richmond, VA(8): Chesterfield County; Hanover County; Henrico County; Prince George County; Colonial Heights city; Hopewell city; Petersburg city; and Richmond city.
Roanoke, VA(4): Botetourt County; Roanoke County; Roanoke city; and Salem city.
Staunton--Waynesboro, VA(3): Augusta County; Staunton city; and Waynesboro city.
Virginia Beach, VA(9): York County; Chesapeake city; Hampton city; Newport News city; Norfolk city; Poquoson city; Portsmouth city; Suffolk city; and Virginia Beach city.
Washington, DC--VA--MD(11): Arlington County; Fairfax County; Fauquier County; Loudoun County; Prince William County; Stafford County; Alexandria city; Fairfax city; Falls Church city; Manassas city; and Manassas Park city.
Williamsburg, VA(2): James City County; and Williamsburg city.
Winchester, VA(2): Frederick County; and Winchester city.
Bellingham, WA(1): Whatcom County.
Bremerton, WA(1): Kitsap County.
Kennewick--Pasco, WA(2): Benton County; and Franklin County.
Lewiston, ID--WA(1): Asotin County.
Longview, WA--OR(1): Cowlitz County.
Marysville, WA(1): Snohomish County.
Mount Vernon, WA(1): Skagit County.
Olympia--Lacey, WA(1): Thurston County.
Portland, OR--WA(1): Clark County.
Seattle, WA(3): King County; Pierce County; and Snohomish County.
Spokane, WA(1): Spokane County.
Walla Walla, WA--OR(1): Walla Walla County.
Wenatchee, WA(2): Chelan County; and Douglas County.
Yakima, WA(1): Yakima County.
Beckley, WV(2): Fayette County; and Raleigh County.
Charleston, WV(2): Kanawha County; and Putnam County.
Hagerstown, MD--WV--PA(1): Berkeley County.
Huntington, WV--KY--OH(3): Cabell County; Putnam County; and Wayne County.
Morgantown, WV(1): Monongalia County.
Parkersburg, WV--OH(1): Wood County.
Weirton--Steubenville, WV--OH--PA(2): Brooke County; and Hancock County.
Wheeling, WV--OH(2): Marshall County; and Ohio County.
Appleton, WI(3): Calumet County; Outagamie County; and Winnebago County.
Beloit, WI--IL(1): Rock County.
Duluth, MN--WI(1): Douglas County.
Eau Claire, WI(2): Chippewa County; and Eau Claire County.
Fond du Lac, WI(1): Fond du Lac County.
Green Bay, WI(1): Brown County.
Janesville, WI(1): Rock County.
Kenosha, WI--IL(1): Kenosha County.
La Crosse, WI--MN(1): La Crosse County.
Madison, WI(1): Dane County.
Milwaukee, WI(4): Milwaukee County; Ozaukee County; Washington County; and Waukesha County.
Oshkosh, WI(1): Winnebago County.
Racine, WI(1): Racine County.
Round Lake Beach--McHenry--Grayslake, IL--WI(1): Kenosha County.
Sheboygan, WI(1): Sheboygan County.
Wausau, WI(1): Marathon County.
West Bend, WI(1): Washington County.
Casper, WY(1): Natrona County.
Cheyenne, WY(1): Laramie County.

[jimrtex]

Multi-county areas with significant urbanized areas, Alabama-New York

Birmingham, AL Urbanized Area(2): Jefferson County; and Shelby County.
Columbus, GA--AL Urbanized Area(2): Lee County; and Russell County.
Florence, AL Urbanized Area(2): Colbert County; and Lauderdale County.
Huntsville, AL Urbanized Area(2): Limestone County; and Madison County.
Montgomery, AL Urbanized Area(3): Autauga County; Elmore County; and Montgomery County.
Phoenix--Mesa, AZ Urbanized Area(2): Maricopa County; and Pinal County.
Fayetteville--Springdale--Rogers, AR--MO Urbanized Area(2): Benton County; and Washington County.
Fort Smith, AR--OK Urbanized Area(2): Crawford County; and Sebastian County.
Little Rock, AR Urbanized Area(3): Lonoke County; Pulaski County; and Saline County.
Concord, CA Urbanized Area(2): Alameda County; and Contra Costa County.
Los Angeles--Long Beach--Anaheim, CA Urbanized Area(3): Los Angeles County; Orange County; and San Bernardino County.
Riverside--San Bernardino, CA Urbanized Area(2): Riverside County; and San Bernardino County.
Sacramento, CA Urbanized Area(4): El Dorado County; Placer County; Sacramento County; and Yolo County.
San Francisco--Oakland, CA Urbanized Area(5): Alameda County; Contra Costa County; Marin County; San Francisco County; and San Mateo County.
Thousand Oaks, CA Urbanized Area(2): Los Angeles County; and Ventura County.
Turlock, CA Urbanized Area(2): Merced County; and Stanislaus County.
Vallejo, CA Urbanized Area(2): Napa County; and Solano County.
Yuba City, CA Urbanized Area(2): Sutter County; and Yuba County.
Denver--Aurora, CO Urbanized Area(6): Adams County; Arapahoe County; Broomfield County; Denver County; Douglas County; and Jefferson County.
Fort Collins, CO Urbanized Area(2): Larimer County; and Weld County.
Bridgeport--Stamford, CT--NY Urbanized Area(2): Fairfield County; and New Haven County.
Danbury, CT--NY Urbanized Area(2): Fairfield County; and Litchfield County.
Hartford, CT Urbanized Area(4): Hartford County; Litchfield County; Middlesex County; and Tolland County.
New Haven, CT Urbanized Area(2): Middlesex County; and New Haven County.
Waterbury, CT Urbanized Area(2): Litchfield County; and New Haven County.
Bonita Springs, FL Urbanized Area(2): Collier County; and Lee County.
Fort Walton Beach--Navarre--Wright, FL Urbanized Area(2): Okaloosa County; and Santa Rosa County.
Jacksonville, FL Urbanized Area(3): Clay County; Duval County; and St. Johns County.
Kissimmee, FL Urbanized Area(2): Orange County; and Osceola County.
Lady Lake--The Villages, FL Urbanized Area(3): Lake County; Marion County; and Sumter County.
Miami, FL Urbanized Area(3): Broward County; Miami-Dade County; and Palm Beach County.
North Port--Port Charlotte, FL Urbanized Area(2): Charlotte County; and Sarasota County.
Orlando, FL Urbanized Area(3): Lake County; Orange County; and Seminole County.
Palm Coast--Daytona Beach--Port Orange, FL Urbanized Area(2): Flagler County; and Volusia County.
Pensacola, FL--AL Urbanized Area(2): Escambia County; and Santa Rosa County.
Port St. Lucie, FL Urbanized Area(2): Martin County; and St. Lucie County.
Sarasota--Bradenton, FL Urbanized Area(3): Charlotte County; Manatee County; and Sarasota County.
Sebastian--Vero Beach South--Florida Ridge, FL Urbanized Area(2): Indian River County; and St. Lucie County.
Spring Hill, FL Urbanized Area(2): Hernando County; and Pasco County.
Tampa--St. Petersburg, FL Urbanized Area(3): Hillsborough County; Pasco County; and Pinellas County.
Albany, GA Urbanized Area(2): Dougherty County; and Lee County.
Athens-Clarke County, GA Urbanized Area(2): Clarke County; and Oconee County.
Atlanta, GA Urbanized Area(19): Barrow County; Carroll County; Cherokee County; Clayton County; Cobb County; Coweta County; DeKalb County; Douglas County; Fayette County; Forsyth County; Fulton County; Gwinnett County; Hall County; Henry County; Newton County; Paulding County; Rockdale County; Spalding County; and Walton County.
Augusta-Richmond County, GA--SC Urbanized Area(2): Columbia County; and Richmond County.
Chattanooga, TN--GA Urbanized Area(2): Catoosa County; and Walker County.
Columbus, GA--AL Urbanized Area(2): Chattahoochee County; and Muscogee County.
Dalton, GA Urbanized Area(2): Murray County; and Whitfield County.
Carbondale, IL Urbanized Area(2): Jackson County; and Williamson County.
Chicago, IL--IN Urbanized Area(8): Cook County; DuPage County; Grundy County; Kane County; Kendall County; Lake County; McHenry County; and Will County.
Peoria, IL Urbanized Area(2): Peoria County; and Tazewell County.
Rockford, IL Urbanized Area(2): Boone County; and Winnebago County.
Round Lake Beach--McHenry--Grayslake, IL--WI Urbanized Area(2): Lake County; and McHenry County.
St. Louis, MO--IL Urbanized Area(2): Madison County; and St. Clair County.
Chicago, IL--IN Urbanized Area(2): Lake County; and Porter County.
Evansville, IN--KY Urbanized Area(2): Vanderburgh County; and Warrick County.
Indianapolis, IN Urbanized Area(7): Boone County; Hamilton County; Hancock County; Hendricks County; Johnson County; Marion County; and Morgan County.
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY--IN Urbanized Area(2): Clark County; and Floyd County.
Terre Haute, IN Urbanized Area(2): Clay County; and Vigo County.
Des Moines, IA Urbanized Area(2): Dallas County; and Polk County.
Kansas City, MO--KS Urbanized Area(2): Johnson County; and Wyandotte County.
Wichita, KS Urbanized Area(2): Butler County; and Sedgwick County.
Cincinnati, OH--KY--IN Urbanized Area(3): Boone County; Campbell County; and Kenton County.
Huntington, WV--KY--OH Urbanized Area(2): Boyd County; and Greenup County.
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY--IN Urbanized Area(3): Bullitt County; Jefferson County; and Oldham County.
Baton Rouge, LA Urbanized Area(5): Ascension Parish; East Baton Rouge Parish; Iberville Parish; Livingston Parish; and West Baton Rouge Parish.
Houma, LA Urbanized Area(2): Lafourche Parish; and Terrebonne Parish.
Lafayette, LA Urbanized Area(2): Iberia Parish; and Lafayette Parish.
New Orleans, LA Urbanized Area(6): Jefferson Parish; Orleans Parish; Plaquemines Parish; St. Bernard Parish; St. Charles Parish; and St. John the Baptist Parish.
Shreveport, LA Urbanized Area(2): Bossier Parish; and Caddo Parish.
Portland, ME Urbanized Area(2): Cumberland County; and York County.
Baltimore, MD Urbanized Area(6): Anne Arundel County; Baltimore County; Howard County; Prince George's County; Queen Anne's County; and Baltimore city.
Lexington Park--California--Chesapeake Ranch Estates, MD Urbanized Area(2): Calvert County; and St. Mary's County.
Washington, DC--VA--MD Urbanized Area(3): Frederick County; Montgomery County; and Prince George's County.
Barnstable Town, MA Urbanized Area(2): Barnstable County; and Plymouth County.
Boston, MA--NH--RI Urbanized Area(7): Bristol County; Essex County; Middlesex County; Norfolk County; Plymouth County; Suffolk County; and Worcester County.
Providence, RI--MA Urbanized Area(3): Bristol County; Norfolk County; and Worcester County.
Springfield, MA--CT Urbanized Area(2): Hampden County; and Hampshire County.
Ann Arbor, MI Urbanized Area(2): Washtenaw County; and Wayne County.
Detroit, MI Urbanized Area(5): Livingston County; Macomb County; Oakland County; St. Clair County; and Wayne County.
Grand Rapids, MI Urbanized Area(2): Kent County; and Ottawa County.
Lansing, MI Urbanized Area(3): Clinton County; Eaton County; and Ingham County.
Muskegon, MI Urbanized Area(2): Muskegon County; and Ottawa County.
South Lyon--Howell, MI Urbanized Area(2): Livingston County; and Oakland County.
Mankato, MN Urbanized Area(2): Blue Earth County; and Nicollet County.
Minneapolis--St. Paul, MN--WI Urbanized Area(9): Anoka County; Carver County; Dakota County; Hennepin County; Ramsey County; Scott County; Sherburne County; Washington County; and Wright County.
St. Cloud, MN Urbanized Area(2): Benton County; and Stearns County.
Gulfport, MS Urbanized Area(3): Hancock County; Harrison County; and Jackson County.
Hattiesburg, MS Urbanized Area(2): Forrest County; and Lamar County.
Jackson, MS Urbanized Area(3): Hinds County; Madison County; and Rankin County.
Kansas City, MO--KS Urbanized Area(4): Cass County; Clay County; Jackson County; and Platte County.
St. Louis, MO--IL Urbanized Area(4): Jefferson County; St. Charles County; St. Louis County; and St. Louis city.
Springfield, MO Urbanized Area(2): Christian County; and Greene County.
Omaha, NE--IA Urbanized Area(2): Douglas County; and Sarpy County.
Manchester, NH Urbanized Area(2): Hillsborough County; and Merrimack County.
Nashua, NH--MA Urbanized Area(2): Hillsborough County; and Rockingham County.
Atlantic City, NJ Urbanized Area(2): Atlantic County; and Cape May County.
New York--Newark, NY--NJ--CT Urbanized Area(14): Bergen County; Essex County; Hudson County; Hunterdon County; Mercer County; Middlesex County; Monmouth County; Morris County; Ocean County; Passaic County; Somerset County; Sussex County; Union County; and Warren County.
Philadelphia, PA--NJ--DE--MD Urbanized Area(4): Burlington County; Camden County; Gloucester County; and Salem County.
Trenton, NJ Urbanized Area(2): Burlington County; and Mercer County.
Albuquerque, NM Urbanized Area(2): Bernalillo County; and Sandoval County.
Albany--Schenectady, NY Urbanized Area(4): Albany County; Rensselaer County; Saratoga County; and Schenectady County.
Buffalo, NY Urbanized Area(2): Erie County; and Niagara County.
Glens Falls, NY Urbanized Area(3): Saratoga County; Warren County; and Washington County.
New York--Newark, NY--NJ--CT Urbanized Area(10): Bronx County; Kings County; Nassau County; New York County; Putnam County; Queens County; Richmond County; Rockland County; Suffolk County; and Westchester County.
Poughkeepsie--Newburgh, NY--NJ Urbanized Area(3): Dutchess County; Orange County; and Ulster County.
Rochester, NY Urbanized Area(3): Monroe County; Ontario County; and Wayne County.

[jimrtex]

Remainder of multi-county areas with significant urbanized areas.

Asheville, NC Urbanized Area(3): Buncombe County; Haywood County; and Henderson County.
Charlotte, NC--SC Urbanized Area(5): Cabarrus County; Iredell County; Lincoln County; Mecklenburg County; and Union County.
Concord, NC Urbanized Area(2): Cabarrus County; and Rowan County.
Durham, NC Urbanized Area(2): Durham County; and Orange County.
Fayetteville, NC Urbanized Area(2): Cumberland County; and Hoke County.
Gastonia, NC--SC Urbanized Area(2): Cleveland County; and Gaston County.
Hickory, NC Urbanized Area(3): Burke County; Caldwell County; and Catawba County.
High Point, NC Urbanized Area(3): Davidson County; Guilford County; and Randolph County.
Raleigh, NC Urbanized Area(2): Johnston County; and Wake County.
Rocky Mount, NC Urbanized Area(2): Edgecombe County; and Nash County.
Wilmington, NC Urbanized Area(2): Brunswick County; and New Hanover County.
Winston-Salem, NC Urbanized Area(3): Davidson County; Forsyth County; and Stokes County.
Bismarck, ND Urbanized Area(2): Burleigh County; and Morton County.
Akron, OH Urbanized Area(5): Medina County; Portage County; Stark County; Summit County; and Wayne County.
Cincinnati, OH--KY--IN Urbanized Area(4): Butler County; Clermont County; Hamilton County; and Warren County.
Cleveland, OH Urbanized Area(7): Cuyahoga County; Geauga County; Lake County; Lorain County; Medina County; Portage County; and Summit County.
Columbus, OH Urbanized Area(4): Delaware County; Fairfield County; Franklin County; and Licking County.
Dayton, OH Urbanized Area(5): Clark County; Greene County; Miami County; Montgomery County; and Warren County.
Middletown, OH Urbanized Area(2): Butler County; and Warren County.
Toledo, OH--MI Urbanized Area(2): Lucas County; and Wood County.
Youngstown, OH--PA Urbanized Area(2): Mahoning County; and Trumbull County.
Oklahoma City, OK Urbanized Area(4): Canadian County; Cleveland County; Logan County; and Oklahoma County.
Tulsa, OK Urbanized Area(4): Creek County; Rogers County; Tulsa County; and Wagoner County.
Portland, OR--WA Urbanized Area(3): Clackamas County; Multnomah County; and Washington County.
Salem, OR Urbanized Area(2): Marion County; and Polk County.
Allentown, PA--NJ Urbanized Area(4): Bucks County; Carbon County; Lehigh County; and Northampton County.
Hanover, PA Urbanized Area(2): Adams County; and York County.
Harrisburg, PA Urbanized Area(4): Cumberland County; Dauphin County; Lebanon County; and York County.
Monessen--California, PA Urbanized Area(3): Fayette County; Washington County; and Westmoreland County.
Philadelphia, PA--NJ--DE--MD Urbanized Area(5): Bucks County; Chester County; Delaware County; Montgomery County; and Philadelphia County.
Pittsburgh, PA Urbanized Area(5): Allegheny County; Beaver County; Butler County; Washington County; and Westmoreland County.
Pottstown, PA Urbanized Area(3): Berks County; Chester County; and Montgomery County.
Scranton, PA Urbanized Area(2): Lackawanna County; and Luzerne County.
Providence, RI--MA Urbanized Area(5): Bristol County; Kent County; Newport County; Providence County; and Washington County.
Charleston--North Charleston, SC Urbanized Area(3): Berkeley County; Charleston County; and Dorchester County.
Charlotte, NC--SC Urbanized Area(2): Lancaster County; and York County.
Columbia, SC Urbanized Area(3): Kershaw County; Lexington County; and Richland County.
Florence, SC Urbanized Area(2): Darlington County; and Florence County.
Greenville, SC Urbanized Area(4): Anderson County; Greenville County; Pickens County; and Spartanburg County.
Sioux Falls, SD Urbanized Area(2): Lincoln County; and Minnehaha County.
Johnson City, TN Urbanized Area(2): Carter County; and Washington County.
Kingsport, TN--VA Urbanized Area(2): Hawkins County; and Sullivan County.
Knoxville, TN Urbanized Area(5): Anderson County; Blount County; Knox County; Loudon County; and Sevier County.
Morristown, TN Urbanized Area(2): Hamblen County; and Jefferson County.
Nashville-Davidson, TN Urbanized Area(6): Davidson County; Robertson County; Rutherford County; Sumner County; Williamson County; and Wilson County.
Amarillo, TX Urbanized Area(2): Potter County; and Randall County.
Austin, TX Urbanized Area(3): Hays County; Travis County; and Williamson County.
Beaumont, TX Urbanized Area(3): Hardin County; Jefferson County; and Orange County.
Corpus Christi, TX Urbanized Area(2): Nueces County; and San Patricio County.
Dallas--Fort Worth--Arlington, TX Urbanized Area(7): Collin County; Dallas County; Denton County; Ellis County; Johnson County; Rockwall County; and Tarrant County.
Denton--Lewisville, TX Urbanized Area(2): Dallas County; and Denton County.
Houston, TX Urbanized Area(6): Brazoria County; Chambers County; Fort Bend County; Galveston County; Harris County; and Montgomery County.
Killeen, TX Urbanized Area(2): Bell County; and Coryell County.
Port Arthur, TX Urbanized Area(2): Jefferson County; and Orange County.
San Antonio, TX Urbanized Area(3): Bexar County; Comal County; and Guadalupe County.
Ogden--Layton, UT Urbanized Area(3): Box Elder County; Davis County; and Weber County.
Blacksburg, VA Urbanized Area(2): Montgomery County; and Radford city.
Bristol--Bristol, TN--VA Urbanized Area(2): Washington County; and Bristol city.
Charlottesville, VA Urbanized Area(2): Albemarle County; and Charlottesville city.
Fredericksburg, VA Urbanized Area(3): Spotsylvania County; Stafford County; and Fredericksburg city.
Harrisonburg, VA Urbanized Area(2): Rockingham County; and Harrisonburg city.
Lynchburg, VA Urbanized Area(4): Amherst County; Bedford County; Campbell County; and Lynchburg city.
Richmond, VA Urbanized Area(8): Chesterfield County; Hanover County; Henrico County; Prince George County; Colonial Heights city; Hopewell city; Petersburg city; and Richmond city.
Roanoke, VA Urbanized Area(4): Botetourt County; Roanoke County; Roanoke city; and Salem city.
Staunton--Waynesboro, VA Urbanized Area(3): Augusta County; Staunton city; and Waynesboro city.
Virginia Beach, VA Urbanized Area(9): York County; Chesapeake city; Hampton city; Newport News city; Norfolk city; Poquoson city; Portsmouth city; Suffolk city; and Virginia Beach city.
Washington, DC--VA--MD Urbanized Area(11): Arlington County; Fairfax County; Fauquier County; Loudoun County; Prince William County; Stafford County; Alexandria city; Fairfax city; Falls Church city; Manassas city; and Manassas Park city.
Williamsburg, VA Urbanized Area(2): James City County; and Williamsburg city.
Winchester, VA Urbanized Area(2): Frederick County; and Winchester city.
Kennewick--Pasco, WA Urbanized Area(2): Benton County; and Franklin County.
Seattle, WA Urbanized Area(3): King County; Pierce County; and Snohomish County.
Wenatchee, WA Urbanized Area(2): Chelan County; and Douglas County.
Beckley, WV Urbanized Area(2): Fayette County; and Raleigh County.
Charleston, WV Urbanized Area(2): Kanawha County; and Putnam County.
Huntington, WV--KY--OH Urbanized Area(3): Cabell County; Putnam County; and Wayne County.
Weirton--Steubenville, WV--OH--PA Urbanized Area(2): Brooke County; and Hancock County.
Wheeling, WV--OH Urbanized Area(2): Marshall County; and Ohio County.
Appleton, WI Urbanized Area(3): Calumet County; Outagamie County; and Winnebago County.
Eau Claire, WI Urbanized Area(2): Chippewa County; and Eau Claire County.
Milwaukee, WI Urbanized Area(4): Milwaukee County; Ozaukee County; Washington County; and Waukesha County.

[jimrtex]

Counties with 2 or more significant Urbanized Areas

Lee County(2): Columbus, GA--AL; and Auburn, AL.

Maricopa County(2): Phoenix--Mesa, AZ; and Avondale--Goodyear, AZ.
Pinal County(2): Phoenix--Mesa, AZ; and Casa Grande, AZ.

Alameda County(3): San Francisco--Oakland, CA; Concord, CA; and Livermore, CA.
Contra Costa County(3): San Francisco--Oakland, CA; Concord, CA; and Antioch, CA.
Kern County(2): Bakersfield, CA; and Delano, CA.
Los Angeles County(4): Los Angeles--Long Beach--Anaheim, CA; Lancaster--Palmdale, CA; Santa Clarita, CA; and Thousand Oaks, CA.
Merced County(2): Merced, CA; and Turlock, CA.
Monterey County(2): Salinas, CA; and Seaside--Monterey, CA.
Napa County(2): Vallejo, CA; and Napa, CA.
Orange County(2): Los Angeles--Long Beach--Anaheim, CA; and Mission Viejo--Lake Forest--San Clemente, CA.
Riverside County(4): Riverside--San Bernardino, CA; Murrieta--Temecula--Menifee, CA; Indio--Cathedral City, CA; and Hemet, CA.
San Bernardino County(3): Los Angeles--Long Beach--Anaheim, CA; Riverside--San Bernardino, CA; and Victorville--Hesperia, CA.
San Joaquin County(4): Stockton, CA; Tracy, CA; Manteca, CA; and Lodi, CA.
San Luis Obispo County(3): El Paso de Robles (Paso Robles)--Atascadero, CA; San Luis Obispo, CA; and Arroyo Grande--Grover Beach, CA.
Santa Barbara County(3): Santa Barbara, CA; Santa Maria, CA; and Lompoc, CA.
Santa Clara County(2): San Jose, CA; and Gilroy--Morgan Hill, CA.
Santa Cruz County(2): Santa Cruz, CA; and Watsonville, CA.
Solano County(3): Vallejo, CA; Fairfield, CA; and Vacaville, CA.
Sonoma County(2): Santa Rosa, CA; and Petaluma, CA.
Stanislaus County(2): Modesto, CA; and Turlock, CA.
Tulare County(2): Visalia, CA; and Porterville, CA.
Ventura County(4): Oxnard, CA; Thousand Oaks, CA; Simi Valley, CA; and Camarillo, CA.
Yolo County(3): Sacramento, CA; Davis, CA; and Woodland, CA.

Boulder County(3): Boulder, CO; Longmont, CO; and Lafayette--Louisville--Erie, CO.
Weld County(2): Fort Collins, CO; and Greeley, CO.

Fairfield County(2): Bridgeport--Stamford, CT--NY; and Danbury, CT--NY.
Hartford County(2): Hartford, CT; and Springfield, MA--CT.
Litchfield County(3): Hartford, CT; Waterbury, CT; and Danbury, CT--NY.
Middlesex County(2): Hartford, CT; and New Haven, CT.
New Haven County(3): Bridgeport--Stamford, CT--NY; New Haven, CT; and Waterbury, CT.

Brevard County(2): Palm Bay--Melbourne, FL; and Titusville, FL.
Charlotte County(2): Sarasota--Bradenton, FL; and North Port--Port Charlotte, FL.
Lake County(3): Orlando, FL; Leesburg--Eustis--Tavares, FL; and Lady Lake--The Villages, FL.
Lee County(2): Cape Coral, FL; and Bonita Springs, FL.
Marion County(2): Ocala, FL; and Lady Lake--The Villages, FL.
Orange County(2): Orlando, FL; and Kissimmee, FL.
Pasco County(3): Tampa--St. Petersburg, FL; Spring Hill, FL; and Zephyrhills, FL.
Polk County(2): Lakeland, FL; and Winter Haven, FL.
St. Johns County(2): Jacksonville, FL; and St. Augustine, FL.
St. Lucie County(2): Port St. Lucie, FL; and Sebastian--Vero Beach South--Florida Ridge, FL.
Santa Rosa County(2): Pensacola, FL--AL; and Fort Walton Beach--Navarre--Wright, FL.
Sarasota County(2): Sarasota--Bradenton, FL; and North Port--Port Charlotte, FL.
Volusia County(2): Palm Coast--Daytona Beach--Port Orange, FL; and Deltona, FL.

Hall County(2): Atlanta, GA; and Gainesville, GA.

Honolulu County(2): Urban Honolulu, HI; and Kailua (Honolulu County)--Kaneohe, HI.

Lake County(2): Chicago, IL--IN; and Round Lake Beach--McHenry--Grayslake, IL--WI.
McHenry County(2): Chicago, IL--IN; and Round Lake Beach--McHenry--Grayslake, IL--WI.
Madison County(2): St. Louis, MO--IL; and Alton, IL--MO.
Winnebago County(2): Rockford, IL; and Beloit, WI--IL.

St. Tammany Parish(2): Slidell, LA; and Mandeville--Covington, LA.

York County(2): Portland, ME; and Portsmouth, NH--ME.

Frederick County(2): Washington, DC--VA--MD; and Frederick, MD.
Prince George's County(2): Washington, DC--VA--MD; and Baltimore, MD.

Bristol County(3): Boston, MA--NH--RI; Providence, RI--MA; and New Bedford, MA.
Norfolk County(2): Boston, MA--NH--RI; and Providence, RI--MA.
Plymouth County(2): Boston, MA--NH--RI; and Barnstable Town, MA.
Worcester County(4): Boston, MA--NH--RI; Providence, RI--MA; Worcester, MA--CT; and Leominster--Fitchburg, MA.

Berrien County(2): South Bend, IN--MI; and Benton Harbor--St. Joseph--Fair Plain, MI.
Livingston County(2): Detroit, MI; and South Lyon--Howell, MI.
Monroe County(2): Toledo, OH--MI; and Monroe, MI.
Oakland County(2): Detroit, MI; and South Lyon--Howell, MI.
Ottawa County(3): Grand Rapids, MI; Muskegon, MI; and Holland, MI.
St. Clair County(2): Detroit, MI; and Port Huron, MI.
Wayne County(2): Detroit, MI; and Ann Arbor, MI.

Jackson County(2): Gulfport, MS; and Pascagoula, MS.

Jackson County(2): Kansas City, MO--KS; and Lee's Summit, MO.

Hillsborough County(2): Nashua, NH--MA; and Manchester, NH.
Rockingham County(3): Boston, MA--NH--RI; Nashua, NH--MA; and Portsmouth, NH--ME.

Burlington County(2): Philadelphia, PA--NJ--DE--MD; and Trenton, NJ.
Cape May County(2): Atlantic City, NJ; and Villas, NJ.
Mercer County(3): New York--Newark, NY--NJ--CT; Trenton, NJ; and Twin Rivers--Hightstown, NJ.
Passaic County(2): New York--Newark, NY--NJ--CT; and Poughkeepsie--Newburgh, NY--NJ.
Warren County(2): New York--Newark, NY--NJ--CT; and Allentown, PA--NJ.

Doña Ana County(2): El Paso, TX--NM; and Las Cruces, NM.

Orange County(2): Poughkeepsie--Newburgh, NY--NJ; and Middletown, NY.
Saratoga County(3): Albany--Schenectady, NY; Glens Falls, NY; and Saratoga Springs, NY.
Ulster County(2): Poughkeepsie--Newburgh, NY--NJ; and Kingston, NY.
Westchester County(2): New York--Newark, NY--NJ--CT; and Bridgeport--Stamford, CT--NY.

Brunswick County(2): Wilmington, NC; and Myrtle Beach--Socastee, SC--NC.
Cabarrus County(2): Charlotte, NC--SC; and Concord, NC.
Davidson County(2): Winston-Salem, NC; and High Point, NC.
Guilford County(2): Greensboro, NC; and High Point, NC.

Butler County(2): Cincinnati, OH--KY--IN; and Middletown, OH.
Clark County(2): Dayton, OH; and Springfield, OH.
Licking County(2): Columbus, OH; and Newark, OH.
Lorain County(2): Cleveland, OH; and Lorain--Elyria, OH.
Medina County(2): Cleveland, OH; and Akron, OH.
Portage County(2): Cleveland, OH; and Akron, OH.
Stark County(2): Akron, OH; and Canton, OH.
Summit County(2): Cleveland, OH; and Akron, OH.
Warren County(3): Cincinnati, OH--KY--IN; Dayton, OH; and Middletown, OH.

Cleveland County(2): Oklahoma City, OK; and Norman, OK.

Berks County(2): Reading, PA; and Pottstown, PA.
Bucks County(2): Philadelphia, PA--NJ--DE--MD; and Allentown, PA--NJ.
Chester County(2): Philadelphia, PA--NJ--DE--MD; and Pottstown, PA.
Fayette County(2): Monessen--California, PA; and Uniontown--Connellsville, PA.
Lebanon County(2): Harrisburg, PA; and Lebanon, PA.
Luzerne County(2): Scranton, PA; and Hazleton, PA.
Montgomery County(2): Philadelphia, PA--NJ--DE--MD; and Pottstown, PA.
Washington County(2): Pittsburgh, PA; and Monessen--California, PA.
Westmoreland County(2): Pittsburgh, PA; and Monessen--California, PA.
York County(3): Harrisburg, PA; York, PA; and Hanover, PA.

Washington County(2): Providence, RI--MA; and Norwich--New London, CT--RI.

Anderson County(2): Greenville, SC; and Anderson, SC.
Greenville County(2): Greenville, SC; and Mauldin--Simpsonville, SC.
Spartanburg County(2): Greenville, SC; and Spartanburg, SC.
York County(2): Charlotte, NC--SC; and Rock Hill, SC.

Rutherford County(2): Nashville-Davidson, TN; and Murfreesboro, TN.
Sullivan County(2): Kingsport, TN--VA; and Bristol--Bristol, TN--VA.

Bell County(2): Killeen, TX; and Temple, TX.
Brazoria County(2): Houston, TX; and Lake Jackson--Angleton, TX.
Cameron County(2): Brownsville, TX; and Harlingen, TX.
Collin County(2): Dallas--Fort Worth--Arlington, TX; and McKinney, TX.
Dallas County(2): Dallas--Fort Worth--Arlington, TX; and Denton--Lewisville, TX.
Denton County(2): Dallas--Fort Worth--Arlington, TX; and Denton--Lewisville, TX.
Galveston County(2): Houston, TX; and Texas City, TX.
Hays County(2): Austin, TX; and San Marcos, TX.
Jefferson County(2): Port Arthur, TX; and Beaumont, TX.
Montgomery County(2): Houston, TX; and Conroe--The Woodlands, TX.
Orange County(2): Port Arthur, TX; and Beaumont, TX.

Stafford County(2): Washington, DC--VA--MD; and Fredericksburg, VA.

Snohomish County(2): Seattle, WA; and Marysville, WA.

Putnam County(2): Huntington, WV--KY--OH; and Charleston, WV.

Kenosha County(2): Round Lake Beach--McHenry--Grayslake, IL--WI; and Kenosha, WI--IL.
Rock County(2): Janesville, WI; and Beloit, WI--IL.
Washington County(2): Milwaukee, WI; and West Bend, WI.
Winnebago County(2): Appleton, WI; and Oshkosh, WI.

[jimrtex]

Simple county clusters (only one urbanized area), Alabama-North Dakota

Anniston--Oxford, AL(1): Calhoun County.
Birmingham, AL(2): Jefferson County; and Shelby County.
Daphne--Fairhope, AL(1): Baldwin County.
Decatur, AL(1): Morgan County.
Dothan, AL(1): Houston County.
Florence, AL(2): Colbert County; and Lauderdale County.
Gadsden, AL(1): Etowah County.
Huntsville, AL(2): Limestone County; and Madison County.
Mobile, AL(1): Mobile County.
Montgomery, AL(3): Autauga County; Elmore County; and Montgomery County.
Tuscaloosa, AL(1): Tuscaloosa County.

Anchorage, AK(1): Anchorage Municipality.
Fairbanks, AK(1): Fairbanks North Star Borough.

Flagstaff, AZ(1): Coconino County.
Lake Havasu City, AZ(1): Mohave County.
Prescott Valley--Prescott, AZ(1): Yavapai County.
Sierra Vista, AZ(1): Cochise County.
Tucson, AZ(1): Pima County.
Yuma, AZ--CA(1): Yuma County.

Conway, AR(1): Faulkner County.
Fayetteville--Springdale--Rogers, AR--MO(2): Benton County; and Washington County.
Fort Smith, AR--OK(2): Crawford County; and Sebastian County.
Hot Springs, AR(1): Garland County.
Jonesboro, AR(1): Craighead County.
Little Rock, AR(3): Lonoke County; Pulaski County; and Saline County.
Memphis, TN--MS--AR(1): Crittenden County.
Pine Bluff, AR(1): Jefferson County.
Texarkana--Texarkana, TX--AR(1): Miller County.

Chico, CA(1): Butte County.
El Centro--Calexico, CA(1): Imperial County.
Fresno, CA(1): Fresno County.
Hanford, CA(1): Kings County.
Madera, CA(1): Madera County.
Redding, CA(1): Shasta County.
San Diego, CA(1): San Diego County.
Yuba City, CA(2): Sutter County; and Yuba County.

Colorado Springs, CO(1): El Paso County.
Denver--Aurora, CO(6): Adams County; Arapahoe County; Broomfield County; Denver County; Douglas County; and Jefferson County.
Grand Junction, CO(1): Mesa County.
Pueblo, CO(1): Pueblo County.

Norwich--New London, CT--RI(1): New London County.
Worcester, MA--CT(1): Windham County.

Dover, DE(1): Kent County.
Philadelphia, PA--NJ--DE--MD(1): New Castle County.
Salisbury, MD--DE(1): Sussex County.

Washington, DC--VA--MD(1): District of Columbia.

Gainesville, FL(1): Alachua County.
Homosassa Springs--Beverly Hills--Citrus Springs, FL(1): Citrus County.
Miami, FL(3): Broward County; Miami-Dade County; and Palm Beach County.
Panama City, FL(1): Bay County.
Sebring--Avon Park, FL(1): Highlands County.
Tallahassee, FL(1): Leon County.

Albany, GA(2): Dougherty County; and Lee County.
Athens-Clarke County, GA(2): Clarke County; and Oconee County.
Augusta-Richmond County, GA--SC(2): Columbia County; and Richmond County.
Brunswick, GA(1): Glynn County.
Cartersville, GA(1): Bartow County.
Chattanooga, TN--GA(2): Catoosa County; and Walker County.
Columbus, GA--AL(2): Chattahoochee County; and Muscogee County.
Dalton, GA(2): Murray County; and Whitfield County.
Hinesville, GA(1): Liberty County.
Macon, GA(1): Bibb County.
Rome, GA(1): Floyd County.
Savannah, GA(1): Chatham County.
Valdosta, GA(1): Lowndes County.
Warner Robins, GA(1): Houston County.

Kahului, HI(1): Maui County.

Boise City, ID(1): Ada County.
Coeur d'Alene, ID(1): Kootenai County.
Idaho Falls, ID(1): Bonneville County.
Lewiston, ID--WA(1): Nez Perce County.
Nampa, ID(1): Canyon County.
Pocatello, ID(1): Bannock County.

Bloomington--Normal, IL(1): McLean County.
Carbondale, IL(2): Jackson County; and Williamson County.
Champaign, IL(1): Champaign County.
Danville, IL(1): Vermilion County.
Davenport, IA--IL(1): Rock Island County.
Decatur, IL(1): Macon County.
DeKalb, IL(1): DeKalb County.
Kankakee, IL(1): Kankakee County.
Peoria, IL(2): Peoria County; and Tazewell County.
Springfield, IL(1): Sangamon County.

Anderson, IN(1): Madison County.
Bloomington, IN(1): Monroe County.
Chicago, IL--IN(2): Lake County; and Porter County.
Cincinnati, OH--KY--IN(1): Dearborn County.
Columbus, IN(1): Bartholomew County.
Elkhart, IN--MI(1): Elkhart County.
Evansville, IN--KY(2): Vanderburgh County; and Warrick County.
Fort Wayne, IN(1): Allen County.
Indianapolis, IN(7): Boone County; Hamilton County; Hancock County; Hendricks County; Johnson County; Marion County; and Morgan County.
Kokomo, IN(1): Howard County.
Lafayette, IN(1): Tippecanoe County.
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY--IN(2): Clark County; and Floyd County.
Michigan City--La Porte, IN--MI(1): LaPorte County.
Muncie, IN(1): Delaware County.
South Bend, IN--MI(1): St. Joseph County.
Terre Haute, IN(2): Clay County; and Vigo County.

Ames, IA(1): Story County.
Cedar Rapids, IA(1): Linn County.
Davenport, IA--IL(1): Scott County.
Des Moines, IA(2): Dallas County; and Polk County.
Dubuque, IA--IL(1): Dubuque County.
Iowa City, IA(1): Johnson County.
Omaha, NE--IA(1): Pottawattamie County.
Sioux City, IA--NE--SD(1): Woodbury County.
Waterloo, IA(1): Black Hawk County.

Kansas City, MO--KS(2): Johnson County; and Wyandotte County.
Lawrence, KS(1): Douglas County.
Manhattan, KS(1): Riley County.
Topeka, KS(1): Shawnee County.
Wichita, KS(2): Butler County; and Sedgwick County.

Bowling Green, KY(1): Warren County.
Cincinnati, OH--KY--IN(3): Boone County; Campbell County; and Kenton County.
Clarksville, TN--KY(1): Christian County.
Elizabethtown--Radcliff, KY(1): Hardin County.
Evansville, IN--KY(1): Henderson County.
Huntington, WV--KY--OH(2): Boyd County; and Greenup County.
Lexington-Fayette, KY(1): Fayette County.
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY--IN(3): Bullitt County; Jefferson County; and Oldham County.
Owensboro, KY(1): Daviess County.

Alexandria, LA(1): Rapides Parish.
Baton Rouge, LA(5): Ascension Parish; East Baton Rouge Parish; Iberville Parish; Livingston Parish; and West Baton Rouge Parish.
Hammond, LA(1): Tangipahoa Parish.
Houma, LA(2): Lafourche Parish; and Terrebonne Parish.
Lafayette, LA(2): Iberia Parish; and Lafayette Parish.
Lake Charles, LA(1): Calcasieu Parish.
Monroe, LA(1): Ouachita Parish.
New Orleans, LA(6): Jefferson Parish; Orleans Parish; Plaquemines Parish; St. Bernard Parish; St. Charles Parish; and St. John the Baptist Parish.
Shreveport, LA(2): Bossier Parish; and Caddo Parish.

Bangor, ME(1): Penobscot County.
Lewiston, ME(1): Androscoggin County.

Aberdeen--Bel Air South--Bel Air North, MD(1): Harford County.
Cumberland, MD--WV--PA(1): Allegany County.
Hagerstown, MD--WV--PA(1): Washington County.
Lexington Park--California--Chesapeake Ranch Estates, MD(2): Calvert County; and St. Mary's County.
Philadelphia, PA--NJ--DE--MD(1): Cecil County.
Salisbury, MD--DE(1): Wicomico County.
Waldorf, MD(1): Charles County.
Westminster--Eldersburg, MD(1): Carroll County.

Pittsfield, MA(1): Berkshire County.
Springfield, MA--CT(2): Hampden County; and Hampshire County.

Battle Creek, MI(1): Calhoun County.
Bay City, MI(1): Bay County.
Flint, MI(1): Genesee County.
Jackson, MI(1): Jackson County.
Kalamazoo, MI(1): Kalamazoo County.
Lansing, MI(3): Clinton County; Eaton County; and Ingham County.
Midland, MI(1): Midland County.
Saginaw, MI(1): Saginaw County.

Duluth, MN--WI(1): St. Louis County.
Fargo, ND--MN(1): Clay County.
Mankato, MN(2): Blue Earth County; and Nicollet County.
Minneapolis--St. Paul, MN--WI(9): Anoka County; Carver County; Dakota County; Hennepin County; Ramsey County; Scott County; Sherburne County; Washington County; and Wright County.
Rochester, MN(1): Olmsted County.
St. Cloud, MN(2): Benton County; and Stearns County.

Hattiesburg, MS(2): Forrest County; and Lamar County.
Jackson, MS(3): Hinds County; Madison County; and Rankin County.
Memphis, TN--MS--AR(1): DeSoto County.

Cape Girardeau, MO--IL(1): Cape Girardeau County.
Columbia, MO(1): Boone County.
Jefferson City, MO(1): Cole County.
Joplin, MO(1): Jasper County.
St. Joseph, MO--KS(1): Buchanan County.
St. Louis, MO--IL(4): Jefferson County; St. Charles County; St. Louis County; and St. Louis city.
Springfield, MO(2): Christian County; and Greene County.

Billings, MT(1): Yellowstone County.
Great Falls, MT(1): Cascade County.
Missoula, MT(1): Missoula County.

Grand Island, NE(1): Hall County.
Lincoln, NE(1): Lancaster County.
Omaha, NE--IA(2): Douglas County; and Sarpy County.
Sioux City, IA--NE--SD(1): Dakota County.

Carson City, NV(1): Carson City.
Las Vegas--Henderson, NV(1): Clark County.
Reno, NV--CA(1): Washoe County.

Dover--Rochester, NH--ME(1): Strafford County.

Vineland, NJ(1): Cumberland County.

Albuquerque, NM(2): Bernalillo County; and Sandoval County.
Farmington, NM(1): San Juan County.
Los Lunas, NM(1): Valencia County.
Santa Fe, NM(1): Santa Fe County.

Binghamton, NY--PA(1): Broome County.
Buffalo, NY(2): Erie County; and Niagara County.
Elmira, NY(1): Chemung County.
Ithaca, NY(1): Tompkins County.
Rochester, NY(3): Monroe County; Ontario County; and Wayne County.
Syracuse, NY(1): Onondaga County.
Utica, NY(1): Oneida County.
Watertown, NY(1): Jefferson County.

Asheville, NC(3): Buncombe County; Haywood County; and Henderson County.
Burlington, NC(1): Alamance County.
Durham, NC(2): Durham County; and Orange County.
Fayetteville, NC(2): Cumberland County; and Hoke County.
Gastonia, NC--SC(2): Cleveland County; and Gaston County.
Goldsboro, NC(1): Wayne County.
Greenville, NC(1): Pitt County.
Hickory, NC(3): Burke County; Caldwell County; and Catawba County.
Jacksonville, NC(1): Onslow County.
New Bern, NC(1): Craven County.
Raleigh, NC(2): Johnston County; and Wake County.
Rocky Mount, NC(2): Edgecombe County; and Nash County.

Bismarck, ND(2): Burleigh County; and Morton County.
Fargo, ND--MN(1): Cass County.
Grand Forks, ND--MN(1): Grand Forks County.

[jimrtex]

Simple County Clusters: Only One Urbanized Area (Ohio-Wyoming)

Huntington, WV--KY--OH(1): Lawrence County.
Lima, OH(1): Allen County.
Mansfield, OH(1): Richland County.
Toledo, OH--MI(2): Lucas County; and Wood County.
Weirton--Steubenville, WV--OH--PA(1): Jefferson County.
Wheeling, WV--OH(1): Belmont County.
Youngstown, OH--PA(2): Mahoning County; and Trumbull County.

Lawton, OK(1): Comanche County.
Tulsa, OK(4): Creek County; Rogers County; Tulsa County; and Wagoner County.

Albany, OR(1): Linn County.
Bend, OR(1): Deschutes County.
Corvallis, OR(1): Benton County.
Eugene, OR(1): Lane County.
Grants Pass, OR(1): Josephine County.
Medford, OR(1): Jackson County.
Portland, OR--WA(3): Clackamas County; Multnomah County; and Washington County.
Salem, OR(2): Marion County; and Polk County.

Altoona, PA(1): Blair County.
Bloomsburg--Berwick, PA(1): Columbia County.
Chambersburg, PA(1): Franklin County.
East Stroudsburg, PA--NJ(1): Monroe County.
Erie, PA(1): Erie County.
Johnstown, PA(1): Cambria County.
Lancaster, PA(1): Lancaster County.
State College, PA(1): Centre County.
Williamsport, PA(1): Lycoming County.
Youngstown, OH--PA(1): Mercer County.

Augusta-Richmond County, GA--SC(1): Aiken County.
Charleston--North Charleston, SC(3): Berkeley County; Charleston County; and Dorchester County.
Columbia, SC(3): Kershaw County; Lexington County; and Richland County.
Florence, SC(2): Darlington County; and Florence County.
Hilton Head Island, SC(1): Beaufort County.
Myrtle Beach--Socastee, SC--NC(1): Horry County.
Sumter, SC(1): Sumter County.

Rapid City, SD(1): Pennington County.
Sioux Falls, SD(2): Lincoln County; and Minnehaha County.

Chattanooga, TN--GA(1): Hamilton County.
Clarksville, TN--KY(1): Montgomery County.
Cleveland, TN(1): Bradley County.
Jackson, TN(1): Madison County.
Johnson City, TN(2): Carter County; and Washington County.
Knoxville, TN(5): Anderson County; Blount County; Knox County; Loudon County; and Sevier County.
Memphis, TN--MS--AR(1): Shelby County.
Morristown, TN(2): Hamblen County; and Jefferson County.

Abilene, TX(1): Taylor County.
Amarillo, TX(2): Potter County; and Randall County.
College Station--Bryan, TX(1): Brazos County.
Corpus Christi, TX(2): Nueces County; and San Patricio County.
El Paso, TX--NM(1): El Paso County.
Laredo, TX(1): Webb County.
Longview, TX(1): Gregg County.
Lubbock, TX(1): Lubbock County.
McAllen, TX(1): Hidalgo County.
Midland, TX(1): Midland County.
Odessa, TX(1): Ector County.
San Angelo, TX(1): Tom Green County.
San Antonio, TX(3): Bexar County; Comal County; and Guadalupe County.
Sherman, TX(1): Grayson County.
Texarkana--Texarkana, TX--AR(1): Bowie County.
Tyler, TX(1): Smith County.
Victoria, TX(1): Victoria County.
Waco, TX(1): McLennan County.
Wichita Falls, TX(1): Wichita County.

Logan, UT(1): Cache County.
Ogden--Layton, UT(3): Box Elder County; Davis County; and Weber County.
Provo--Orem, UT(1): Utah County.
St. George, UT(1): Washington County.
Salt Lake City--West Valley City, UT(1): Salt Lake County.

Burlington, VT(1): Chittenden County.

Blacksburg, VA(2): Montgomery County; and Radford city.
Bristol--Bristol, TN--VA(2): Washington County; and Bristol city.
Charlottesville, VA(2): Albemarle County; and Charlottesville city.
Harrisonburg, VA(2): Rockingham County; and Harrisonburg city.
Lynchburg, VA(4): Amherst County; Bedford County; Campbell County; and Lynchburg city.
Richmond, VA(8): Chesterfield County; Hanover County; Henrico County; Prince George County; Colonial Heights city; Hopewell city; Petersburg city; and Richmond city.
Roanoke, VA(4): Botetourt County; Roanoke County; Roanoke city; and Salem city.
Staunton--Waynesboro, VA(3): Augusta County; Staunton city; and Waynesboro city.
Virginia Beach, VA(9): York County; Chesapeake city; Hampton city; Newport News city; Norfolk city; Poquoson city; Portsmouth city; Suffolk city; and Virginia Beach city.
Williamsburg, VA(2): James City County; and Williamsburg city.
Winchester, VA(2): Frederick County; and Winchester city.

Bellingham, WA(1): Whatcom County.
Bremerton, WA(1): Kitsap County.
Kennewick--Pasco, WA(2): Benton County; and Franklin County.
Lewiston, ID--WA(1): Asotin County.
Longview, WA--OR(1): Cowlitz County.
Mount Vernon, WA(1): Skagit County.
Olympia--Lacey, WA(1): Thurston County.
Portland, OR--WA(1): Clark County.
Spokane, WA(1): Spokane County.
Walla Walla, WA--OR(1): Walla Walla County.
Wenatchee, WA(2): Chelan County; and Douglas County.
Yakima, WA(1): Yakima County.

Beckley, WV(2): Fayette County; and Raleigh County.
Hagerstown, MD--WV--PA(1): Berkeley County.
Morgantown, WV(1): Monongalia County.
Parkersburg, WV--OH(1): Wood County.
Weirton--Steubenville, WV--OH--PA(2): Brooke County; and Hancock County.
Wheeling, WV--OH(2): Marshall County; and Ohio County.

Duluth, MN--WI(1): Douglas County.
Eau Claire, WI(2): Chippewa County; and Eau Claire County.
Fond du Lac, WI(1): Fond du Lac County.
Green Bay, WI(1): Brown County.
La Crosse, WI--MN(1): La Crosse County.
Madison, WI(1): Dane County.
Racine, WI(1): Racine County.
Sheboygan, WI(1): Sheboygan County.
Wausau, WI(1): Marathon County.

Casper, WY(1): Natrona County.
Cheyenne, WY(1): Laramie County.

[jimrtex]

UA wholly contained in a single county, which is one of the counties of a multi-county UA (eg Port Huron, MI UA is in St.Clair County, which is one of the containing counties for Detroit UA.  Such an urbanized area does not extend an urban county cluster.

Auburn, AL satellite of Columbus, GA--AL: Lee County.

Avondale--Goodyear, AZ satellite of Phoenix--Mesa, AZ: Maricopa County.
Casa Grande, AZ satellite of Phoenix--Mesa, AZ: Pinal County.

Antioch, CA satellite of San Francisco--Oakland, CA: Contra Costa County.
Davis, CA satellite of Sacramento, CA: Yolo County.
Fairfield, CA satellite of Vallejo, CA: Solano County.
Hemet, CA satellite of Riverside--San Bernardino, CA: Riverside County.
Indio--Cathedral City, CA satellite of Riverside--San Bernardino, CA: Riverside County.
Lancaster--Palmdale, CA satellite of Los Angeles--Long Beach--Anaheim, CA: Los Angeles County.
Livermore, CA satellite of San Francisco--Oakland, CA: Alameda County.
Mission Viejo--Lake Forest--San Clemente, CA satellite of Los Angeles--Long Beach--Anaheim, CA: Orange County.
Murrieta--Temecula--Menifee, CA satellite of Riverside--San Bernardino, CA: Riverside County.
Napa, CA satellite of Vallejo, CA: Napa County.
Santa Clarita, CA satellite of Los Angeles--Long Beach--Anaheim, CA: Los Angeles County.
Vacaville, CA satellite of Vallejo, CA: Solano County.
Victorville--Hesperia, CA satellite of Los Angeles--Long Beach--Anaheim, CA: San Bernardino County.
Woodland, CA satellite of Sacramento, CA: Yolo County.

Greeley, CO satellite of Fort Collins, CO: Weld County.

Springfield, MA--CT satellite of Hartford, CT: Hartford County.

Deltona, FL satellite of Palm Coast--Daytona Beach--Port Orange, FL: Volusia County.
Leesburg--Eustis--Tavares, FL satellite of Orlando, FL: Lake County.
St. Augustine, FL satellite of Jacksonville, FL: St. Johns County.
Zephyrhills, FL satellite of Tampa--St. Petersburg, FL: Pasco County.

Gainesville, GA satellite of Atlanta, GA: Hall County.

Alton, IL--MO satellite of St. Louis, MO--IL: Madison County.
Beloit, WI--IL satellite of Rockford, IL: Winnebago County.

Portsmouth, NH--ME satellite of Portland, ME: York County.

Frederick, MD satellite of Washington, DC--VA--MD: Frederick County.

Leominster--Fitchburg, MA satellite of Boston, MA--NH--RI: Worcester County.
New Bedford, MA satellite of Boston, MA--NH--RI: Bristol County.
Worcester, MA--CT satellite of Boston, MA--NH--RI: Worcester County.

Holland, MI satellite of Grand Rapids, MI: Ottawa County.
Port Huron, MI satellite of Detroit, MI: St. Clair County.

Pascagoula, MS satellite of Gulfport, MS: Jackson County.

Lee's Summit, MO satellite of Kansas City, MO--KS: Jackson County.

Allentown, PA--NJ satellite of New York--Newark, NY--NJ--CT: Warren County.
Poughkeepsie--Newburgh, NY--NJ satellite of New York--Newark, NY--NJ--CT: Passaic County.
Twin Rivers--Hightstown, NJ satellite of New York--Newark, NY--NJ--CT: Mercer County.
Villas, NJ satellite of Atlantic City, NJ: Cape May County.

Bridgeport--Stamford, CT--NY satellite of New York--Newark, NY--NJ--CT: Westchester County.
Kingston, NY satellite of Poughkeepsie--Newburgh, NY--NJ: Ulster County.
Middletown, NY satellite of Poughkeepsie--Newburgh, NY--NJ: Orange County.
Saratoga Springs, NY satellite of Albany--Schenectady, NY: Saratoga County.

Myrtle Beach--Socastee, SC--NC satellite of Wilmington, NC: Brunswick County.

Canton, OH satellite of Akron, OH: Stark County.
Lorain--Elyria, OH satellite of Cleveland, OH: Lorain County.
Newark, OH satellite of Columbus, OH: Licking County.
Springfield, OH satellite of Dayton, OH: Clark County.

Norman, OK satellite of Oklahoma City, OK: Cleveland County.

Hazleton, PA satellite of Scranton, PA: Luzerne County.
Lebanon, PA satellite of Harrisburg, PA: Lebanon County.
Uniontown--Connellsville, PA satellite of Monessen--California, PA: Fayette County.
York, PA satellite of Harrisburg, PA: York County.

Norwich--New London, CT--RI satellite of Providence, RI--MA: Washington County.

Anderson, SC satellite of Greenville, SC: Anderson County.
Mauldin--Simpsonville, SC satellite of Greenville, SC: Greenville County.
Rock Hill, SC satellite of Charlotte, NC--SC: York County.
Spartanburg, SC satellite of Greenville, SC: Spartanburg County.

Bristol--Bristol, TN--VA satellite of Kingsport, TN--VA: Sullivan County.
Murfreesboro, TN satellite of Nashville-Davidson, TN: Rutherford County.

Conroe--The Woodlands, TX satellite of Houston, TX: Montgomery County.
Lake Jackson--Angleton, TX satellite of Houston, TX: Brazoria County.
McKinney, TX satellite of Dallas--Fort Worth--Arlington, TX: Collin County.
San Marcos, TX satellite of Austin, TX: Hays County.
Temple, TX satellite of Killeen, TX: Bell County.
Texas City, TX satellite of Houston, TX: Galveston County.

Marysville, WA satellite of Seattle, WA: Snohomish County.

Oshkosh, WI satellite of Appleton, WI: Winnebago County.
West Bend, WI satellite of Milwaukee, WI: Washington County.

[jimrtex]

Urbanized areas that share a single county that contains them both.

Bakersfield, CA and Delano, CA: Kern County.
Salinas, CA and Seaside--Monterey, CA: Monterey County.
Stockton, CA, Tracy, CA, Manteca, CA, and Lodi, CA: San Joaquin County.
El Paso de Robles (Paso Robles)--Atascadero, CA, San Luis Obispo, CA, and Arroyo Grande--Grover Beach, CA: San Luis Obispo County.
Santa Barbara, CA, Santa Maria, CA, and Lompoc, CA: Santa Barbara County.
San Jose, CA and Gilroy--Morgan Hill, CA: Santa Clara County.
Santa Cruz, CA and Watsonville, CA: Santa Cruz County.
Santa Rosa, CA and Petaluma, CA: Sonoma County.
Visalia, CA and Porterville, CA: Tulare County.
Oxnard, CA and Simi Valley, CA: Ventura County.
Oxnard, CA and Camarillo, CA: Ventura County.

Boulder, CO, Longmont, CO, and Lafayette--Louisville--Erie, CO: Boulder County.

Palm Bay--Melbourne, FL and Titusville, FL: Brevard County.
Lakeland, FL and Winter Haven, FL: Polk County.

Urban Honolulu, HI and Kailua (Honolulu County)--Kaneohe, HI: Honolulu County.

Slidell, LA and Mandeville--Covington, LA: St. Tammany Parish.

South Bend, IN--MI and Benton Harbor--St. Joseph--Fair Plain, MI: Berrien County.
Toledo, OH--MI and Monroe, MI: Monroe County.

Boston, MA--NH--RI and Portsmouth, NH--ME: Rockingham County.

El Paso, TX--NM and Las Cruces, NM: Doña Ana County.

Brownsville, TX and Harlingen, TX: Cameron County.

Round Lake Beach--McHenry--Grayslake, IL--WI and Kenosha, WI--IL: Kenosha County.
Janesville, WI and Beloit, WI--IL: Rock County.

[jimrtex]

Compound County Clusters:

Concord doesn't extend the area so is a subset of SFO.

San Francisco--Oakland, CA; Concord, CA(5): Alameda County; Contra Costa County; Marin County; San Francisco County;  and San Mateo County.

LA includes LA, Orange, and SB; so others extend to Riverside and Ventura.

Los Angeles--Long Beach--Anaheim, CA; Riverside--San Bernardino, CA; Oxnard, CA; Thousand Oaks, CA(5): Los Angeles County; Orange County; Riverside County; San Bernardino County;  and Ventura County.

Turlock spans the county line.

Modesto, CA; Merced, CA; Turlock, CA(2): Merced County;  and Stanislaus County.

All but Windham and New London, but I doubt that counties can be used in CT.

Hartford, CT; Bridgeport--Stamford, CT--NY; New Haven, CT; Waterbury, CT; Danbury, CT--NY(6): Fairfield County; Hartford County; Litchfield County; Middlesex County; New Haven County;  and Tolland County.

Smaller UA of Bonita Springs spans the two counties.

Cape Coral, FL; Bonita Springs, FL(2): Collier County;  and Lee County.

6 counties span from Ocala to Kissimmee

Orlando, FL; Kissimmee, FL; Lady Lake--The Villages, FL(6): Lake County; Marion County; Orange County; Osceola County; Seminole County;  and Sumter County.

3 western counties.

Pensacola, FL--AL; Fort Walton Beach--Navarre--Wright, FL(3): Escambia County; Okaloosa County;  and Santa Rosa County.

Same extent as Sarasota-Bradenton

Sarasota--Bradenton, FL; North Port--Port Charlotte, FL(3): Charlotte County; Manatee County;  and Sarasota County.

Stack of 3 on east coast above Palm Beach

Port St. Lucie, FL; Sebastian--Vero Beach South--Florida Ridge, FL(3): Indian River County; Martin County;  and St. Lucie County.

Adds in Hernando to Tampa-St. Pete

Tampa--St. Petersburg, FL; Spring Hill, FL(4): Hernando County; Hillsborough County; Pasco County;  and Pinellas County.

Does not extend Chicago area.  Chicago UA does extend into Grundy.  An argument might be made to exclude it since it is not the largest urban area in the county.

Chicago, IL--IN; Round Lake Beach--McHenry--Grayslake, IL--WI(8): Cook County; DuPage County; Grundy County; Kane County; Kendall County; Lake County; McHenry County;  and Will County.

A quirk since Baltimore Urban Area does not enter Harford, and the census bureau does not merge urbanized areas.  It appears that the Baltimore and Aberdeen UA were deliberately drawn to the county line.  But there was no urbanized area further south to stop Baltimore from overrunning Annapolis and jumping the bridge.

Washington, DC--VA--MD; Baltimore, MD(8): Anne Arundel County; Baltimore County; Frederick County; Howard County; Montgomery County; Prince George's County; Queen Anne's County;  and Baltimore city.

Only Barnstable is added to the Boston area.

Boston, MA--NH--RI; Providence, RI--MA; Barnstable Town, MA(8): Barnstable County; Bristol County; Essex County; Middlesex County; Norfolk County; Plymouth County; Suffolk County;  and Worcester County.

Grand Rapids, MI; Muskegon, MI(3): Kent County; Muskegon County;  and Ottawa County.

Detroit, MI; Ann Arbor, MI; South Lyon--Howell, MI(6): Livingston County; Macomb County; Oakland County; St. Clair County; Washtenaw County;  and Wayne County.

Boston, MA--NH--RI; Nashua, NH--MA; Manchester, NH(3): Hillsborough County; Merrimack County;  and Rockingham County.

Leaves out Cumberland and Cape May.  Trenton (Mercer and Burlington) joins the two larger areas.

New York--Newark, NY--NJ--CT; Philadelphia, PA--NJ--DE--MD; Trenton, NJ(18): Bergen County; Burlington County; Camden County; Essex County; Gloucester County; Hudson County; Hunterdon County; Mercer County; Middlesex County; Monmouth County; Morris County; Ocean County; Passaic County; Salem County; Somerset County; Sussex County; Union County;  and Warren County.

Expends the capital area northward.

Albany--Schenectady, NY; Glens Falls, NY(6): Albany County; Rensselaer County; Saratoga County; Schenectady County; Warren County;  and Washington County.

Charlotte, NC--SC; Concord, NC(6): Cabarrus County; Iredell County; Lincoln County; Mecklenburg County; Rowan County;  and Union County.

Winston-Salem, NC; Greensboro, NC; High Point, NC(5): Davidson County; Forsyth County; Guilford County; Randolph County;  and Stokes County.

Cleveland, OH; Akron, OH(9): Cuyahoga County; Geauga County; Lake County; Lorain County; Medina County; Portage County; Stark County; Summit County;  and Wayne County.

Cincinnati, OH--KY--IN; Dayton, OH; Middletown, OH(8): Butler County; Clark County; Clermont County; Greene County; Hamilton County; Miami County; Montgomery County;  and Warren County.

This one kind of gets out of hand.

Harrisburg, PA; Hanover, PA(5): Adams County; Cumberland County; Dauphin County; Lebanon County;  and York County.

Extends Pittsburh down the Monongahela.

Pittsburgh, PA; Monessen--California, PA(6): Allegheny County; Beaver County; Butler County; Fayette County; Washington County;  and Westmoreland County.

SEPa picks up Lehigh Valley and Reading.

Allentown, PA--NJ; Philadelphia, PA--NJ--DE--MD; Allentown, PA--NJ; Reading, PA; Pottstown, PA(9): Berks County; Bucks County; Carbon County; Chester County; Delaware County; Lehigh County; Montgomery County; Northampton County;  and Philadelphia County.

No change.

Dallas--Fort Worth--Arlington, TX; Denton--Lewisville, TX(7): Collin County; Dallas County; Denton County; Ellis County; Johnson County; Rockwall County;  and Tarrant County.

This is a quirk of the census delineation.  Port Arthur UA includes the cities in between Beaumont and Port Arthur (Nederland, Port Neches, Groves, and then continues up the Sabine to Orange).  Beaumont UA includes Beamont and Vidor in Orange and extends north into Hardin County.  Port Arthur UA is the larger UA in both Jefferson and Orange counties, making those two the "central counties" of a metropolitan area, while Beaumont UA is the largest in Hardin, making it the central county of a different metropolitan area, but it is then converted to an outlying county.   Bur the name of the MSA is based on the name of the largest city, Beaumont.

If Beaumont UA were to become the largest in Jefferson County, and they are close, 117K vs 113K, Jefferson and Hardin counties would become central counties, as would Orange County based on Port Arthur UA.  Orange would likely become an outlying county.

Port Arthur, TX; Beaumont, TX(3): Hardin County; Jefferson County;  and Orange County.

Fredericksburg extends the area out a bit.

Washington, DC--VA--MD; Fredericksburg, VA(13): Arlington County; Fairfax County; Fauquier County; Loudoun County; Prince William County; Spotsylvania County; Stafford County; Alexandria city; Fairfax city; Falls Church city; Fredericksburg city; Manassas city;  and Manassas Park city.

The two cities share Putnam County.

Huntington, WV--KY--OH; Charleston, WV(4): Cabell County; Kanawha County; Putnam County;  and Wayne County.

[jimrtex]

I follow your logic clearly here, but part of it seems to be personal taste with respect to metro areas. Based on real public testimony in IL in 2011 your view is consistent with some, but not the majority of that testimony. For example many residents of Grundy county, IL would be happiest to see themselves not forced into the same region as Chicago. However, commuting patterns actually do matter a lot for some of the public when it comes to a CoI, and that forms the basis of the existing rules for merging (and I did find such rules for the merger of CBSAs even if there was a clear policy decision to resist merging UAs between 2000 and 2010).

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UAs are delineated based on continuous high density residential population.   It is difficult if not impossible to determine where one starts and another ends, or if they are actually separate.  It is like trying to determine where Europe ends and Asia starts, or whether North and South America are separate continents.

In 2000, the census bureau switched to defining urban areas based solely on population density, without regard to political boundaries.  Previously, urbanized areas had been defined based on larger cities to which adjacent territory was added.  The urban areas based on actual settlement patterns spanned larger areas.  But the census bureau wanted to maintain previous urbanized areas (or perhaps had political pressure, since an urbanized area meant that its county was a metropolitan area).

So if an initial urban area in 2000 of more than 50,000 crossed an (1990) MSA boundary, it was split.  If the distance of contiguity was 3 miles or less, it was split near the MSA border, presumably at an isthmus.  If the distance of contiguity was 3 miles or more, it was split on the MSA border.  If there were two or more initial urban areas of more than 50,000 within a MSA or a county outside a metropolitan area, they could be separated if they were connected by a hop or a jump, or point connected.

In 1990, when MSA were merged based on commuting, the merged areas became PMSA, and the merged area a CMSA.   At the time the 2000 urbanized areas were delineated, Washtenaw, Livingston, and Lenawee formed a PMSA; as did Oakland, Macomb, Wayne, St.Clair, Lapeer, and Monroe; Genesee was also a PMSA; and the 3 CMSA formed a PMSA.

So when the 2000 urban areas were delineated, urbanized areas were chopped near the Washtenaw and Livingston county boundaries.  So you have continuous dense residential settlement but separately delineated urbanized areas.  Port Huron, Monroe, and Toledo urbanized areas are physically separated from Detroit, so even if they could be connected by jumps and hops, were kept as independent urbanized areas.

In 2010, the census bureau had a rule against merging urbanized areas.  They do permit merging of urban clusters.

So even though they recognize continuous residential settlement, they make a somewhat arbitrary division, which in turn prevents recognition of the groups of counties that actually contain the continuous residential settlement.

While you suggest that the census bureau is authoritative, they don't warranty the use of their definitions for other purposes than gathering statistical information.

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To be able to compare plans they must have the same number of regions.

We could have a set of rules that:

1) exclude both Genesee and Washtenaw from the Detroit region;
2) exclude Genesee;
3) exclude Washtenaw; or
4) include both Genesee and Washtenaw.

I would oppose Rule 2 because it would be factoring in economics (ie auto industry v university)

Rule 1 could be:

County in CSA plus substantial portion of population in Urbanized Areas (eg 33%+)

Wayne 99%
Macomb 96%
Oakland 94%
Genesee 83%
Washtenaw 80%
Livingston 61%
St.Clair 61%
Monroe 59%
=========
Lapeer 0.1%
Lenawee 0%

Kent 82%
Ottawa 79%
Muskegon 71%
============
Allegan 9%

Kalamazoo 82%
Calhoun 57%
===========
Van Buren 6%

Ingham 85%
Eaton 45%
Clinton 36%

Bay 70%
Saginaw 66%
Midland 57%

Benton 57%
========
Cass 17%

Definition should also include MSA not in CSA (Jackson is the only such MSA in Michigan).

Jackson 56%

Rule 2 would be formulated like I have.  It is possible that the threshold could be raised for amount of significant cross-border crossing.

Rule 3, I don't know to formulate a rule that would include Flint, but exclude Washtenaw.

Rule 4, would be MSA only with significant urban population.  Compared to Rule 2 this would split off Genesee, Washtenaw and Monroe, to create 5-county Detroit urban county cluster.  Muskegon would be split off from Kent and Ottawa.  Would split Kalamazoo and Calhoun; and Saginaw, Bay, and Midland.

[jimrtex]

Edit: Numerous corrections to maps.

This is a maximalist definition of urban consolidate clusters.  Each county in a cluster is a member of a consolidated statistical area, and has 25% or more of its population in urbanized areas.  That is there is functional integration through commuting patterns that join counties into CBSA (mostly metropolitan statistical areas (MSA)), and have a relatively large share of their population in urbanized areas (areas of continuous high density settlement of 50,000 or more).  This avoids the problem of cases where urbanized areas were truncated near a county line, which caused the counties to be placed into different central county clusters, which in turn became outlying counties or separate metropolitan statistical areas.



In Virginia, Harrisonburg, Staunton, and Waynesboro independent cities were treated as if they were still part of Augusta and Rockingham counties for creation of the Harrisonburg-Staunton-Waynesboro CSA.  Otherwise both the remaining counties failed the 25% test.  In the case of other independent cities in Virginia this adjustment was not needed.  It the population had grown large enough to be an urbanized area (50,000) it likely has outgrown the independent city boundaries to also contain a large share of the surrounding county population, or the independent cities have been expanded to encompass a whole county (e.g Chesapeake and Virginia Beach).  Pittsylvania County (Danville), Albermarle (Charlottesville), Washington (Bristol), and Frederick (Winchester) the surrounding counties do meet the 25% threshold.

Montgomery (Radford) also qualifies, but this is as part of the Blacksburg UA (Blacksburg is not an IC).  None of Radford appears to have been taken from Pulaski County, and Blacksburg UA only extends a small bit into Pulaski County.

There are two disjoint parts of the urban county cluster associated with Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA.  Frederick (Winchester) are part of the Winchester MSA which has its core as the Winchester Urbanized Area.  Counties to the east such as Clarke and Warren are outlying counties of Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA but the Washington urbanized area does not stretch that far (Loudoun is a central county of the Washington MSA).   The pattern extends across the border into West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania where portions of the Hagerstown and Chambersburg MSA are included in the Washington-Baltimore-Arlington CSA, while Jefferson County, WV is directly in the Washington MSA, but not urbanized.

The Kansas portion of the cluster based on the Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS CSA is in two parts, with Doniphan County qualifying as part of the St.Joseph MSA.



Hamblen County, Tennessee is a disjoint portion of the cluster based on the Knoxville-Morristown-Sevierville, TN CSA, but is in the Morristown MSA based on the Morristown UA, which at 59,000 persons barely qualifies as an urbanized area, as opposted to an urban cluster.



Not shown: Honolulu and Maui counties.



Not shown: Anchorage and Fairbanks

[jimrtex]

This is a minimalist version.  Counties in a urban county cluster share a metropolitan statistical area and 25% or more of their population in an urbanized area.  The commuting standard for inclusion of a MSA in a CSA is less than for including an outlying county in an MSA, so a CSA may represent a weaker link.  The 25% threshold eliminates counties removed from the core that are only linked by commuting ties.

CSA are named based on their largest cities, which is not always that of their largest MSA.  In the following tables, the main MSA of a CSA is considered to be the one with the largest population.  Thus the San Francisco-Oakland MSA is considered to be the main MSA of the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland CSA, and thus the San Jose MSA is treated as secondary.  Similar situations occur in Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, where the Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol MSA is larger than Johnson City MSA, and Charleston-Huntington, where Huntington-Ashland MSA is more populous than Charleston.



22 separate MSA are made independent of the 5 Bosnywash MSAs under this definition.

Connecticut

Worcester, MA (Windham) from Boston, MA
Norwich-New London (New London) from Hartford
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk (Fairfield) from New York-Newark, NY-NJ
New Haven from New York-Newark, NY-NJ
Torrington (Litchfield) from New York-Newark, NY-NJ

Delaware

Dover (Kent) from Philadelphia, PA

Illinois

Kankakee from Chicago

Indiana

Michigan City (LaPorte) from Chicago, Ill
Columbus (Bartholomew) from Indianapolis
Muncie (Delaware) from Indianapolis
Elkhart from South Bend

Iowa

Iowa City from Cedar Rapids
Ames from Des Moines

Kansas

St.Joseph, MO (Doniphan)  from Kansas City
Lawrence from Kansas City

Kentucky

Elizabethtown-Fort Knox (Hardin) from Lousville

Maine

Lewiston (Androscoggin) from Portland

Maryland

Baltimore from Washington, DC
California-Lexington Park (St Mary's) from Washington, DC
Hagerstown (Washington County) from Washington, DC

Massachusetts

Barnstable from Boston
Worcester from Boston
Providence, RI (Bristol) from Boston

Michigan

Ann Arbor (Washtenaw) from Detroit
Flint (Genesee) from Detroit
Monroe from Detroit
Muskegon from Grand Rapids
Battle Creek (Calhoun) from Kalamazoo
Bay City (Bay) from Saginaw-Midland-Bay City
Midland from Saginaw-Midland-Bay City
Niles-Benton Harbor (Berrien) from South Bend, IN

Minnesota

St. Cloud (Stearns and Benton) from Minneapolis-St.Paul

Missouri

St.Joseph (Buchanan) from Kansas City

New Hampshire

Manchester-Nashua (Hillsborough) from Boston, MA

New Jersey

Allentown, PA (Warren) from New York-Newark, NY-NJ
Trenton (Mercer) from New York-Newark, NY-NJ
Atlantic City (Atlantic) from Philadelphia, PA
Ocean City (Cape May) from Philadelphia, PA

New York

Glenn Falls (Warren) from Albany
Kingston (Ulster) from New York-Newark, NY-NJ

Ohio

Akron (Summit and Portage) from Cleveland
Canton (Stark) from Cleveland
Springfield (Clark) from Dayton
Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH (Jefferson) from Pittsburgh, PA

Pennsylvania

Gettysburg (Adams) from Harrisburg
Lebanon from Harrisburg
York from Harrisburg
Allentown (Carbon, Lehigh and Northampton) from New York-Newark, NY-NJ
East Stroudsburg (Monroe) from New York-Newark, NY-NJ
Reading (Berks) from Philadelphia
Chambersburg (Franklin) from Washington, DC

Rhode Island

Providence (Bristol, Kent, Newport, Providence, and Washington) from Boston, MA

Virginia

Staunton-Waynesboro (Augusta, including Staunton and Waynesboro IC) from Harrisonburg
Winchester (Frederick, including Winchester IC) from Washington, DC

West Virginia

Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH (Brooke and Hancock) from Pittsburgh, PA
Hagerstown, MD (Berkeley) from Washington, DC

Wisconsin

Oshkosh (Winnebago) from Appleton-Oshkosh
Janesville (Rock) from  Madison



Alabama

Decatur from Huntsville
Baldwin County from Mobile
Auburn from Columbus, GA

Arkansas

Pine Bluff from Little Rock

Florida

Naples (Collier) from Cape Coral-Fort Myers-Naples
Port St. Lucie (St. Lucie and Martin) from Miami-Fort Lauderdale
Sebastian-Vero Beach (Indian River) from Miami-Fort Lauderdale
Punta Gorda (Charlotte) from North Port-Sarasota
Deltona-Daytona Beach (Volusia and Flagler) from Orlando
The Villages (Sumter) from Orlando

Georgia

Athens (Clarke and Oconee) from Atlanta
Gainesville (Hall) from Atlanta
Dalton (Murray and Whitfield) from Chattanooga,TN
Warner Robins (Houston) from Macon
Hinesville (Liberty) from Savannah
 
Louisiana

Hammond (Tangipahoa) from New Orleans

North Carolina

Burlington (Alamance) from Greensboro
Winston-Salem (Davidson and Forsyth) from Greensboro
Durham-Chapel Hill (Chatham, Durham, and Orange) from Raleigh

South Carolina

Spartanburg from Greenville

Tennessee

Cleveland (Bradley) from Chattanooga
Johnson City (Carter and Washington) from Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol (TN-VA)
Morristown (Hamblen) from Knoxville

Texas

Sherman-Denison (Grayson) from Dallas-Fort-Worth
Odessa from Midland-Odessa



Arizona

Lake Havasu (Mojave) from Las Vegas, NV

California

Madera from Fresno
Riverside-San Bernardino from Los Angeles
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks (Ventura) from Los Angeles
Merced from Modesto
Yuba City from Sacramento
Napa from San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland
San Jose from San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland
Santa Cruz from San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland
Santa Rosa (Sonoma) from San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland
Stockton from San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland
Vallejo-Fairfield (Solano) from San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland
Hanford (Kings) from Visalia

Colorado

Boulder from Denver
Greeley from Denver

Nevada

Carson City from Reno

New Mexico

Santa Fe from Albuquerque
Las Cruces (Doña Ana) from El Paso, TX

Utah

Ogden (Box Elder, Davis, and Weber) from Salt Lake City
Provo (Utah County) from Salt Lake City



Idaho

Coeur d'Alene (Kootenai) from Spokane, WA

Oregon

Grants Pass (Josephine) from Medford
Albany (Linn) from Portland
Corvallis (Benton) from Portland
Salem (Marion and Polk) from Portland

Washington

Longview (Cowlitz) from Portland, Ore
Bremerton (Kitsap) from Seattle-Tacoma
Mount Vernon (Skagit) from Seattle-Tacoma
Olympia (Thurston) from Seattle-Tacoma