Looking at the results among under 30 year olds, there's one major and uncomfortable takeaway: We definitely need better history lessons in school.
I doubt it's a coincidence that the age group with the lowest percentage voting for AfD is the one that includes those who lived through Nazism and war. (Increased religiosity among older generations is also likely a factor, but still.)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillarisation
This is basically something you'll have to read to understand it, but it's important to keep this in mind with Western European politics always.
Influence of pillarization has been declining gradually though over the last decades, which is why younger generations are less impacted by it, and more swingy.
That article is about as good an attempt to explain what American politics is turning into informally in my opinion, just it's not explicitly defined by religion.
