The federal government can offer to buy the debt, offering a premium over the market value. Most bond-holders would rather cut their losses rather than risk a default which the federal government cannot guarantee to prevent.
Considering the status of Puerto Rican debt that premium would still likely be below par value, but again if there's a default you don't even get that
That's the idea. Lots of people would rather sell their junk bonds (many of which were purchased at bargain-basement prices) than gamble that those bonds return to face value.