They have one cabinent member out of town for the State of the Union speech.
The problem is during the non state of the union times.
There are two possible scenarios:
1. Everyone in the cabinet just happens to be in a 5 mile radius of ground zero and they are killed. Most of Congress is killed and somebody, like Spector (getting medical treatment in Phila), is the sole survivor and elects himself PPT (and President).
In this scenario, it's likely that a backbencher might become the next president, probably a House member, that elects himself Speaker (and President).
2. Along with the nuke, the terrorists send out assassination groups that take out the one or two secretaries outside of DC.
In this senario, it's probably the same house member.
(Not an inspiring scenario.)
If two-thirds of the Senate is killed, can the other third still meet quorum?