No, I absolutely would not be fired. I've had plenty of bosses who say things like this too, in a wide range of different types of jobs. Out of the ten or so jobs I've worked at, I can think of one where maybe people wouldn't be happy about it. All your jobs have been in Democratic politics, yes? That's going to create a social environment that is very different than at a lot of other jobs.
You are completely out of your mind if you think that you wouldn't at the very least face some form of disciplinary action for openly and proudly disparaging a religious group at your place of work. HR would not look kindly on it at all.
I worked in a government building and, briefly, a deli when I was in college. So I've worked in a variety of environments.
Alright, I challenge you to do this: tomorrow when you go to work, walk up to your boss and say "I hate Jews, gays, and Blacks." Report back to us with the results.
There’s a difference between saying “F**k the mormons” and “I hate Jews, gays, and blacks”