Far northern Canada is heavily impoverished ethnic minority (Inuit). Far northern Sweden is also heavily impoverished ethnic minority (Sami), and also generally impoverished even where not heavily minority (along the coast). The far northern US is not mostly ethnic minority and not generally impoverished, although in the areas where it is (e.g., Glacier County, MT), it is heavily Democratic.
Yeah. Places like Shannon County, SD are the best parallels to much of the Arctic.
In the US, the best literal examples are the three or four far northern districts of Alaska (along the Arctic Ocean and Bering Strait) that all vote heavily Democratic and are heavily native. The plurality Native and plurality Asian parts of the Alaskan Peninsula/Aleutians and the Panhandle are almost more Democratic than the state average.