Thomas's dissent (unsurprisingly) doesn't make a whole lot of sense. He relies mostly on an obscure precedent, keeps invoking the concept of "subversive" speech (which is protected by the First Amendment, as I understand) disrupting school order, and basically ignores the entire concept of
in loco parentis meaning limited regulatory authority.
I especially hate this line of reasoning:
Second, the majority fails to consider whether schools often will have more authority, not less, to discipline students who transmit speech through social media. Because off-campus speech made through social media can be received on campus (and can spread rapidly to countless people), it often will have a greater proximate tendency to harm the school environment than will an off-campus in-person conversation. Third, and relatedly, the majority uncritically adopts the assumption that B. L.’s speech, in fact, was off-campus. But, the location of her speech is a much trickier question than the majority acknowledges. Because speech travels, schools sometimes may be able to treat speech as on campus even though it originates off campus.
So if a student gives an off-campus speech considered "subversive" that gets covered by a local newspaper and then transmitted back to the school, is the student liable for the method of transmission? That seems a dangerous precedent to set.
EDIT: Alito gets feisty about some of this thinking:
...even if flinty Vermont parents at the time in question could be understood to have implicitly delegated to the teacher the authority to whip their son for his off-premises speech, the same inference is wholly unrealistic today.