But as you've said, the words of Paul lean in your favor, as do the words of the NT requring belief (which to me is belief in or knowing rejection of, but another issue).
Sounds to me like the world was in a state of comdemnation and in need of salvation; therefore God, out of his love of the world, gave his son so that the world could be saved through Jesus. Whoever believes it saved, but whoever does not believe remains condemned because they did not latch onto God's salvation.
Sounds pretty simple to me.
I wish.
I mean, assuming God is loving etc, why would he require those who lived on the other side of the world to believe in a man they have never heard of, never heard prophecy about, in a place they don't even know exists, to suffer and die at the hands of a man they've never heard of and in a way they probably don't know about...not to mention a history changing event at a random tomb thousands upon thousands of miles away
I realize the text of the Bible essentially says, believe and you're saved, do not believe and you're condemned...what does it mean to not believe in this circumstance...you could (and it seems you and a great deal of Christians agree) take do not believe to encompass both those who have rejected the truth, and those who have (either through inaction or inability to believe) failed to form (or even realize there was a thing to be believed) a belief.
To throw those who are unable to believe (say mental incapacity) or those who have failed to believe (because they did not or couldn't know of the existence of such a choice) with those who have rejected the truth...still seems inconsistent with the premise of a loving, fair, and just God.