Merry Christmas/whatever from your friendly local Caudillo

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Green here seems to mean non-Russian Socialist Revolutionaries.

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The most comprehensive treatment seems to be in a book called "Russia goes to the polls : the election to the all-Russian Constituent Assembly, 1917" (1989) by Oliver H. Radkey, which repeats an earlier manuscript, "The Election to the Russian Constituent Assembly of 1917" (1950). If you could source either of these, you could address some of the outstanding uncertainties.

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"Northern Front" should be placed somewhere around Baltics, not amidst the Arctic Ocean.

Is that a Tatar regionalist party I see there - the bit of light green in a sea of orangey-brown?

Yes, although I can't give more details. I got the results from a document which is entirely in Russian, so I had a hard time deciphering the party labels. Karelia also seems odd, and I can't vouch for the accuracy of the results there on the map; another source I saw put the SRs victorious there.

In sources I know those who won in green regions are labelled as "Socialists", and I can only guess what exact socialists are meant, but judging by their geography and some other things it seems they indeed were Ukrainian SRs and other regional/ethnic socialists.

Besides Tatars, there were also Chuvash and maybe Mari lists in Kazan Governorate.

In Olonets Governorate (Karelia) 84.63% votes were obtained by "Socialists" and another 13.50% by Kadets. In that case "Socialists" probably means all socialist parties combined, including SRs, Bolsheviks and Mensheviks.

On that topic, one online source (http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\S\O\SocialistRevolutionaries.htm) suggests "Russian and Ukrainian SRS ran joint lists in the Kharkiv, Kherson, and Poltava districts" - though it is ambiguous as to whether or not we can measure their popular support separately.

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I've now read Radkey's book and can hopefully answer some questions based on it.

Is that a Tatar regionalist party I see there - the bit of light green in a sea of orangey-brown?

The Socialist Revolutionaries were the largest party here, but with only 31%. Ethnic lists did well. A Chuvash list won 26%, left-wing Tatars won 18%, and right-wing Tatars won 12%. I didn't see anything about Mari lists, but since data are often missing in this election, you never know.

Karelia also seems odd, and I can't vouch for the accuracy of the results there on the map; another source I saw put the SRs victorious there.

This is Olonets Governorate, which had an odd voting system. Instead of lists, every voter had two votes to elect individuals; it might have worked like the two-member seats in pre-1950 UK general elections, and should probably be interpreted in the same way. The Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviks each stood one candidate. The SRs won votes equal to 85% of voters, the Mensheviks 84%. As Zuza wrote, way ahead of their Kadet rivals.

In sources I know those who won in green regions are labelled as "Socialists", and I can only guess what exact socialists are meant, but judging by their geography and some other things it seems they indeed were Ukrainian SRs and other regional/ethnic socialists.

Radkey says the winners in these regions were:
Menshevik: Transcaucasus
SR: Kazan, Olonets
Bolshevik: Estonia (though outpolled by all Estonian nationality parties together)
Ukrainian bloc: Ekaterinoslav, Kiev, Podolia
Ukrainian SR: Chernigov, Poltava, Volhynia (though there also seems to be a Ukrainian SR + Left Russian SR joint list in Poltava)

But in this election, there's no one, final version of the truth, because the records are too sparse.