ftp://ftpgis1.tlc.state.tx.us/Under the /gis directory prec.zip has the shapefiles.
Is is feasible to do extracts of (counties) from a large file like that? I think Texas has about 8000 precincts.
prec_dist.xls has the mapping of precincts to counties, and various districts congressional and legislative districts).
Under the /elections file there are results from elections up through the 2008 primaries, but nothing yet for the general.
This data may match up with vtd.zip shapefiles. The Leg. Council I think is interested in a continuous set of boundaries, so adjust election results to old boundaries. There may be census demographic data for the vtd shapefiles.
The counties will of course use the current precincts. When I was doing stuff on the 2006 gubernatorial election, I ended up using data from the counties and the prec shapefiles, rather than the election results from the Leg. Council and the vtd shapefiles. This might be because I started with the county election results for Harris County, and would find strange results every so often where precincts had been renumbered. Harris County has NO system to the numbering of precincts. They were originally numbered sequentially. But whenever a precinct was split, the new precinct would be given a number on the end of the list. And then when precincts were merged numbers would get dropped, and then re-used. Harris County went from around 650 precincts to over 1300 because of the evil Democratic gerrymanders of the 1990s. It is back down to around 850.
You can get precinct data on most of the large county web sites, but it probably will require some massaging.