Without Adenauer the CDU don't win the first election in 1949. The SPD have a small victory.
Chancellor:
1949-1952
Kurt Schumacher SPD http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Schumacher (1952 Schumacher dies)
1952-1963
Erich Ollenhauer SPD http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Ollenhauer (he dies 1963)
After this date all is speculation. I think the economic miracle comes with a CDU or SPD government and this mean it would be possible that Willy Brandt comes 1963 in power. The CDU don't wins a federal election before 1965 and i don't see the candidate, Maybe Kiesinger, in reality he was Governor of Baden-Würtemberg and this is a strong position.
In the politics i there will be not so many differences. Many decisions were only reactions. The foundation of the Bundeswehr maybe is in this timeline 5 years later.
This is only for fun:
1963-1969
Willy Brandt SPD1969-1975
Kurt-Georg Kiesinger CDU1975-1987
Reiner Barzel CDU1987-1994
Johannes Rau SPD1994-1996
Oskar Lafontaine SPD1996-2005
Wolfgang Schäuble CDU2005-
Christian Wulff CDU