None of either. Merit all the way.
I'm surprised to see how many liberals do not support affirmative action. How does it remain so strongly a part of the Democratic agenda?
They need 90% of African Americans to vote for them if they want to win.
Very true, but it seems to be more than that. It's almost like the abortion issue for Democrats. Those who don't agree with the position are sent to Siberia. It's just one of those politically correct things - if you don't support it, you're guilty of "hate."
There are a fair number of blacks who don't support certain aspects of affirmative action (just as there are many women who don't support abortion).
The Democratic Party needs the support of rabidly partisan groups like the NAACP and NOW, for whom these issues are paramount, and I guess that delivers them the support they need from blacks and women to have a chance of winning elections.
Because blacks vote so overwhelmingly for Democrats, and Democrats need that level of support from blacks to win, they are at the same time the party's greatest source of strength as well as its greatest Achilles Heel.