Map of the last slave census, 1860

[Joe Republic]

 

[Joe Republic]

I'd like to have known the Virginia census numbers based on its subsequent division between VA and WV.

[Adam Griffin]

Very interesting. You can see a lot of elements in that map that still exist today - black and white alike.

I'd like to have known the Virginia census numbers based on its subsequent division between VA and WV.

This might help you:

1860 Slave Census Map HD
Virginia 1860 Slave Census Map HD

Some other maps showing the same data more or less:

[Хahar 🤔]

It's interesting to me how few slaves there were in Missouri.

[True Federalist (진정한 연방 주의자)]

And also the placement of them.  There never was any chance of Missouri being split into a North and South Missouri ala East and West Virginia because most of the slaves were north of the logical dividing line, the Missouri River.  (Tho the Virginias weren't split on a logical line.)

[pbrower2a]

Also worth noting: eastern Tennessee and had few slaves. The Union Army conquered the area quickly and held it firmly even though the terrain offered excellent natural defenses for the Confederacy. After taking eastern Tennessee (including the great manufacturing center, by Southern standards, Chattanooga) the Union Armies could push through Georgia and cut off Virginia, the Carolinas, and northeastern Georgia from the rest of the Confederacy. The Union Armies apparently did not have to watch their backs in eastern Tennessee.

Eastern Tennessee became one of the most R-leaning parts of the South after the Civil War -- early.

[minionofmidas]

Also worth noting: eastern Tennessee and had few slaves. The Union Army conquered the area quickly and held it firmly even though the terrain offered excellent natural defenses for the Confederacy.

No, because the terrain offered excellent natural defenses against the Confederacy. More people from Eastern Tennessee served in the Union than the Confederate Army.

[minionofmidas]

Amusing factoid: McDowell County had no Black residents, free or slave, in 1860. It later became the Blackest county in West Virginia.

[True Federalist (진정한 연방 주의자)]

Also worth noting: eastern Tennessee and had few slaves. The Union Army conquered the area quickly and held it firmly even though the terrain offered excellent natural defenses for the Confederacy. After taking eastern Tennessee (including the great manufacturing center, by Southern standards, Chattanooga) the Union Armies could push through Georgia and cut off Virginia, the Carolinas, and northeastern Georgia from the rest of the Confederacy. The Union Armies apparently did not have to watch their backs in eastern Tennessee.

If only it had been that easy.  While the area did indeed have Union sympathies, it took several years to take it and only well after Western and Middle Tennessee were taken.

[TDAS04]

So majorities of all people in both South Carolina and Mississippi were enslaved.  That's worse than South African apartheid.

[True Federalist (진정한 연방 주의자)]

I'd like to have known the Virginia census numbers based on its subsequent division between VA and WV.

Best I can do is from Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970

1860 Virginia (all) 1047 thousand white, 549 thousand black, (10% were free, which was high for a southern state, Alabama had less than 1% of its blacks as free blacks)

1860 future rump Virgina 1220 thousand total (no racial breakdown)
1860 future West Virginia 377 thousand total (no racial breakdown)

1870 Virginia: 712 thousand white, 513 thousand black
1870 West Virgina: 424 thousand white, 18 thousand black

[Adam Griffin]

I'd like to have known the Virginia census numbers based on its subsequent division between VA and WV.

Best I can do is from Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970

1860 Virginia (all) 1047 thousand white, 549 thousand black, (10% were free, which was high for a southern state, Alabama had less than 1% of its blacks as free blacks)

1860 future rump Virgina 1220 thousand total (no racial breakdown)
1860 future West Virginia 377 thousand total (no racial breakdown)

1870 Virginia: 712 thousand white, 513 thousand black
1870 West Virgina: 424 thousand white, 18 thousand black

Got bored, so I used the link to the VA map I posted above to separate WV and calculate. These should be taken with a tiny grain of salt, as some of the numbers are hard to discern. I'm also guessing that freedmen are not included in either figure (Census breaks it down as White & Slave).

VA - 1860 Census

1,514,069 - Total Population

1,036,547 White
477,522 Slave (31.54% of population)


Future WV - 1860 Census

371,684 - Total Population

352,803 - White
18,881 - Slave (5.08% of population)

Future VA - 1860 Census

1,142,385 - Total Population

683,744 - White
458,641 - Slave (40.15% of population)

[True Federalist (진정한 연방 주의자)]

Got bored, so I used the link to the VA map I posted above to separate WV and calculate. These should be taken with a tiny grain of salt, as some of the numbers are hard to discern. I'm also guessing that freedmen are not included in either figure (Census breaks it down as White & Slave).

VA - 1860 Census

1,514,069 - Total Population

1,036,547 White
477,522 Slave (31.54% of population)

Yeah, judging by the tables in the map and in the Historical Statistics it looks like your counts exclude free Negroes.

[TDAS04]

Not many in Delaware.  Sorry Biden.

[Adam Griffin]

Found some more interesting numbers in regards to the 1860 Census.

[Southern Senator North Carolina Yankee]

Also worth noting: eastern Tennessee and had few slaves. The Union Army conquered the area quickly and held it firmly even though the terrain offered excellent natural defenses for the Confederacy. After taking eastern Tennessee (including the great manufacturing center, by Southern standards, Chattanooga) the Union Armies could push through Georgia and cut off Virginia, the Carolinas, and northeastern Georgia from the rest of the Confederacy. The Union Armies apparently did not have to watch their backs in eastern Tennessee.

Eastern Tennessee became one of the most R-leaning parts of the South after the Civil War -- early.

Eastern TN was not taken until late in the war really. The Union followed the rivers and sought mostly to capture Nashville, Memphis and then push down the Mississippi to split the Confederacy in two. The only real attempt at Chattanooga in 1862, was General Mitchell's attempt that has been overshadowed by its failed centerpiece, the burning of the bridges along the Western and Atlantic Railroad to cut the supply line from Atlanta to Chattanooga, before Mitchell moved. Storms delayed the sabotage mission, but not Mitchell who proceeded on schedule and thus when the line became packed with Confederate supply trains rushing crap out of Chattanooga, it became impossible to move north up the line. By the time the raiders were on the move again, they were by then being pursued and were eventually captured after their stolen train ran out of water and wood.

After that it was charged to General Rosecrans to take the city, but he sat idle for months and didn't move on it until the fall of 1863, and only then only when pressure from Lincoln reached the breaking point. He then advanced into Georgia, but was defeated leading to a siege of sorts at Chattanooga. Grant, after being prommoted to command of the Western Armies (the three operating in TN), fired Rosecrans and along with The AOC's (Army of the Cumberland) new commander General Thomas, and his own Army of the Tennesse under Sherman's command, they drove the Confederates back into GA. Thus preparing the way for Sherman's offensive into GA in the spring of 1864.

[Sopranos Republican]

Another thing that strikes me about that census, is how low the slave population was in South Florida, yet how high it was in portions of Northern Florida.

[Snowstalker Mk. II]

Another thing that strikes me about that census, is how low the slave population was in South Florida, yet how high it was in portions of Northern Florida.

Almost no one lived in South Florida at the time. It was basically untamed swampland until the 1920's or so.

[🐒Gods of Prosperity🔱🐲💸]

And also the placement of them.  There never was any chance of Missouri being split into a North and South Missouri ala East and West Virginia because most of the slaves were north of the logical dividing line, the Missouri River.  (Tho the Virginias weren't split on a logical line.)

There was something of a logical line in the Eastern Continental Divide that meant that most of West Virginia was more directly connected by transport to Ohio, KY and Western PA than to Virginia.

[True Federalist (진정한 연방 주의자)]

And also the placement of them.  There never was any chance of Missouri being split into a North and South Missouri ala East and West Virginia because most of the slaves were north of the logical dividing line, the Missouri River.  (Tho the Virginias weren't split on a logical line.)

There was something of a logical line in the Eastern Continental Divide that meant that most of West Virginia was more directly connected by transport to Ohio, KY and Western PA than to Virginia.

Actually, it would be fairer to say the logic used to split the Virginias is not that which might have been used in peaceful times.  West Virginia goes no further south than it does because the Union armies went no further south either.  The panhandle to Harpers Ferry was included as an insurance policy if the South was successful.  That panhandle placed the entirety of the Baltimore and Ohio mainline outside East Virginia, thus preserving an important transportation link more firmly in Union control.

[J. J.]

Do you notice a similarity to the topography?

[🐒Gods of Prosperity🔱🐲💸]

There is a relation to topography in the broadest sense.  The band of rich soils in the Piedmont that made for prime location for cotton plantations is the original meaning of the term "the Black Belt" which was later considered in its demographic meaning given the correlation.   One thing I just noticed though from these maps is that unlike other states on the , NC's Piedmont didn't have this so much and slavery was concentrated closer to the shore.  (SC's highest proportion of slaves was also on the coast, but SC still had a high Piedmont concentration similar to GA and VA.)

[pbrower2a]

Also worth noting: eastern Tennessee and had few slaves. The Union Army conquered the area quickly and held it firmly even though the terrain offered excellent natural defenses for the Confederacy. After taking eastern Tennessee (including the great manufacturing center, by Southern standards, Chattanooga) the Union Armies could push through Georgia and cut off Virginia, the Carolinas, and northeastern Georgia from the rest of the Confederacy. The Union Armies apparently did not have to watch their backs in eastern Tennessee.

Eastern Tennessee became one of the most R-leaning parts of the South after the Civil War -- early.

Eastern TN was not taken until late in the war really. The Union followed the rivers and sought mostly to capture Nashville, Memphis and then push down the Mississippi to split the Confederacy in two. The only real attempt at Chattanooga in 1862, was General Mitchell's attempt that has been overshadowed by its failed centerpiece, the burning of the bridges along the Western and Atlantic Railroad to cut the supply line from Atlanta to Chattanooga, before Mitchell moved. Storms delayed the sabotage mission, but not Mitchell who proceeded on schedule and thus when the line became packed with Confederate supply trains rushing crap out of Chattanooga, it became impossible to move north up the line. By the time the raiders were on the move again, they were by then being pursued and were eventually captured after their stolen train ran out of water and wood.

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The eastern Tennessee campaign was not easy, but  it was possible for the Union side because the area had comparatively few people in the slave-owning culture.

[MASHED POTATOES. VOTE!]

Another thing that strikes me about that census, is how low the slave population was in South Florida, yet how high it was in portions of Northern Florida.

Almost no one lived in South Florida at the time. It was basically untamed swampland until the 1920's or so.

Indeed. It's amusing that Florida, now the fourst most populous state, was for a very long time the least inhibitated state in the South, as almost everybody were living in the Panhandle ot Jacksonville area.,

[True Federalist (진정한 연방 주의자)]

Another thing that strikes me about that census, is how low the slave population was in South Florida, yet how high it was in portions of Northern Florida.

Almost no one lived in South Florida at the time. It was basically untamed swampland until the 1920's or so.

Indeed. It's amusing that Florida, now the fourth most populous state, was for a very long time the least inhabited state in the South, as almost everybody were living in the Panhandle ot Jacksonville area.,

Indeed, that's one reason the Florida-Alabama border is in the wrong place.  Had Alabama annexed the panhandle, Florida would not have had enough people to justify being a state to be admitted and thus preserve the balance of free and slave states in the Senate once Iowa and Wisconsin were admitted as expected.