Edicts of the Tokugawa Shogunate
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Tenpō 6
Edict on Western Trade & MovementIn addition to their previously-permitted categories of trade work, French merchants in Dejima shall be permitted to trade without limit in the following categories:
1. Books, both French originals and Japanese translations, as well as other imported literature, save literature on Christianity and literature critical of the Shogunate. The shogunate will personally sponsor the translation and publication of seminal works of Western science, such as the works of Descartes, Bacon, Copernicus, Kepler, and others.
2. Medical equipment, including instruments and medicines, as well as medical equipment like spectacles.
3. Scientific equipment, such as globes, maps, clocks, survey equipment, seeds, telescopes, microscopes, electrical equipment and other equipment necessary for the study of astronomy, mathematics, chemistry, biology, geography, and the other sciences.
In addition to the traders permitted to reside in their designated zone in Nagasaki, any Westerner who can demonstrate his training and education as a physician and surgeon shall be permitted to enter Japan to practice his craft. Western scientists who wish to engage in scientific research alongside Japanese scientists shall be permitted on a case-by-case basis, with consideration for security and tranquility. The total number of Westerners allowed to enter through this program shall number no more than 2,000 at any time. We do remind any potential immigrants that the penalties for both the proselytization of Christianity and the import and sale of opium is a most excruciating death.
Edict on Education and Foreign TravelThe prior edict prohibiting the travel of Japanese ships for foreign countries and prohibiting the travel of Japanese abroad, and proscribing the death penalty for those who do so in secret, and for those who return from overseas after residing there, shall not apply to students who travel abroad to enroll in Western institutions of higher education. The Shogunate will sponsor the travel of several students each year to attend the French École Navale,
Two domestic institutes of higher education shall be established: a school in Edo for the study of the Western sciences, and (with the cooperation of the French government and its scholars) a naval training institute in Nagasaki.
Edict on the Business of ShipbuildingThe law prohibiting the construction of ocean-capable vessels of 90 tons or above, proclaimed by the Shogunate in 1635, is hereby repealed in its entirety.
Edict on the Definition of the RealmThe domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate includes the islands of Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Karafuto, Awaji, Shikoku, Oki, Iki, Tshshima, Sado, and Ezo; the Nanpo islands, including the Izu islands, Ogasawara islands, and Volcano islands; the Chishima islands, including Kunarshiri island, Oyakoba island, and all between; and all barrier islands, islets, banks, reefs, keys, atolls, archipelagos, rocks, and shoals, as may reasonably be considered part of the waters of the aforementioned islands.
Edict on IndependenceThe Ryukyu Kingdom and the Kingdom of Hawai’i are under the personal protection of the Shogunate. Hostile action taken against these realms shall be considered an affront to the Shogunate and shall incur a proportionate response.