Maybe stop-and-frisk had a tiny effect, but nowhere near what its supporters claim and certainly nowhere enough to justify its blatantly unconstitutional bigotry.
Yeah I'm just talking out of my rear end. I really have no idea how much it helped. But honestly it doesn't really matter. It was so unconstitutional that the point is moot. How such a practice was allowed to go on for so many years is baffling.
because the 4th Amendment has been systematically destroyed over the past 30-40 years, particularly as pertains to minorities in urban areas. Michelle Alexander does a good job of walking through the relevant SCOTUS cases in The New Jim Crow.